scholarly journals Combining concepts across categorical domains: a linking role of the precuneus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rabini ◽  
Silvia Ubaldi ◽  
Scott L. Fairhall
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Conceptual Combination ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Single Category ◽  
Semantic Domains

Abstract The human capacity for semantic knowledge entails not only the representation of single concepts but the capacity to combine these concepts into the increasingly complex ideas that underlie human thought. This process involves not only the combination of concepts from within the same semantic category but frequently the conceptual combination across semantic domains. In this fMRI study (N=24) we investigate the cortical mechanisms underlying our ability to combine concepts across different semantic domains. Using five different semantic domains (People, Places, Food, Objects and Animals), we present sentences depicting concepts drawn from a single semantic domain as well as sentences that combine concepts from two of these domains. Contrasting single-category and combinedcategory sentences reveals that the precuneus is more active when concepts from different domains have to be combined. At the same time, we observe that distributed category selectivity representations persist when higher-order meaning involves the combination of categories and that this category-selective response is captured by the combination of the single categories composing the sentence. Collectively, these results suggest that the precuneus plays a role in the combination of concepts across different semantic domains, potentially functioning to link together category-selective representations distributed across the cortex.

The Effect of Information Technology on Fluidity of Contemporary Architectural Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Shatha Abbas Hassan ◽  
Noor Ali Aljorani
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The increasing importance of the information revolution and terms such as ‘speed’, ‘disorientation’, and ‘changing the concept of distance’, has provided us with tools that had not been previously available. Technological developments are moving toward Fluidity, which was previously unknown and cannot be understood through modern tools. With acceleration of the rhythm in the age we live in and the clarity of the role of information technology in our lives, as also the ease of access to information, has helped us to overcome many difficulties. Technology in all its forms has had a clear impact on all areas of daily life, and it has a clear impact on human thought in general, and the architectural space in particular, where the architecture moves from narrow spaces and is limited to new spaces known as the ‘breadth’, and forms of unlimited and stability to spaces characterized with fluidity. The research problem (the lack of clarity of knowledge about the impact of vast information flow associated with the technology of the age in the occurrence of liquidity in contemporary architectural space) is presented here. The research aims at defining fluidity and clarifying the effect of information technology on the changing characteristics of architectural space from solidity to fluidity. The research follows the analytical approach in tracking the concept of fluidity in physics and sociology to define this concept and then to explain the effect of Information Technology (IT) to achieve the fluidity of contemporary architectural space, leading to an analysis of the Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) architectural model. The research concludes that information technology achieves fluidity through various tools (communication systems, computers, automation, and artificial intelligence). It has changed the characteristics of contemporary architectural space and made it behave like an organism, through using smart material.

Sukacita Di dalam Surat Filipi

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendi
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Semantic Domains

Buku Sukacita di dalam Surat Filipi adalah sebuah penelitian tentangkonsep sukacita di dalam surat Filipi dengan menggunakanpendekatan integrasi antara analisis wacana (discourse analysis)dan rentangan semantis (semantic domain). Buku ini juga adalah revisi daribuku sebelumnya yang berjudul Konsep Sukacita di dalam Surat Filipi yangpernah terbit pada tahun 2012. Penulis menyempurnakan konsep sukacitaini dengan penambahan pendekatan yakni analisis wacana (makro)sebelum melakukan analisis rentangan semantis (mikro).Penelitian William G. Morrice tentang sukacita dalam bukunya Joy inthe New Testament(1984), karya tulis dari Johanes P. Louw dalam bukunyayang berjudul the Semantics of New Testament Greek (1982), dan karyamonumental dari Louw dan Eugene A. Nida dalam leksikon yang berjudulGreek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains (1988)telah menginspirasi dan membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan buku ini.Bagi penulis, buku ini adalah bentuk nyata pertolongan AllahTritunggal yang Mahakudus. Pujian dan kemuliaan hanya ditujukankepada-Nya. Buku ini telah melalui proses penulisan yang panjangsehingga tidak lupa penulis mengucap terima kasih kepada para mentordan inspirator seperti Pdt. Ir. Armand Barus, Ph.D, Pdt. Dr. MarulakPasaribu, D.Min., dan Pdt. Dr. Hardi Budiyana.Buku ini didedikasikan kepada para pembaca yang serius mencaripikiran Allah yang tertulis di dalam Alkitab. Semoga buku ini bisabermanfaat bagi gereja-gereja dan kalangan akademisi untuk menambahkekayaan spiritual yang begitu banyak di dalam Alkitab. Tidak lupa jugabuku ini adalah produk manusia yang tentu tidak luput dari kesalahansehingga penulis mengharapkan masukan-masukan dari para pembacauntuk kesempurnaan buku ini.

scholarly journals Automaticity and Reestablishment of Executive Control—An fMRI Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kübler ◽  
Veronica Dixon ◽  
Hugh Garavan
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Automatic Behavior ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

The ability to exert control over automatic behavior is of particular importance as it allows us to interrupt our behavior when the automatic response is no longer adequate or even dangerous. However, despite the literature that exists on the effects of practice on brain activation, little is known about the neuroanatomy involved in reestablishing executive control over previously automatized behavior. We present a visual search task that enabled participants to automatize according to defined criteria within about 3 hr of practice and then required them to reassert control without changing the stimulus set. We found widespread cortical activation early in practice. Activation in all frontal areas and in the inferior parietal lobule decreased significantly with practice. Only selected prefrontal (Brodmann's areas [BAs] 9/46/8) and parietal areas (BAs 39/40) were specifically reactivated when executive control was required, underlining the crucial role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in executive control to guide our behavior.

scholarly journals Latent Memory of Unattended Stimuli Reactivated by Practice: An fMRI Study on the Role of Consciousness and Attention in Learning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e90098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia D. I. Meuwese ◽  
H. Steven Scholte ◽  
Victor A. F. Lamme
Keyword(s):  
Attention In Learning ◽  
Fmri Study

Be happy when your stomach is

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-208
Author(s):  
Dorothea Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Noun Incorporation ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
River Region

Abstract In this paper I provide a description of the role of body-part terms in expressions of emotion and other semantic extensions in MalakMalak, a non-Pama-Nyungan language of the Daly River area. Body-based expressions denote events, emotions, personality traits, significant places and people and are used to refer to times and number. Particularly central in the language are men ‘stomach’, pundu ‘head’ and tjewurr ‘ear’ associated respectively with basic emotions, states of mind and reason. The figurative extensions of these body parts are discussed systematically, and compared with what is known for other languages of the Daly River region. The article also explores the grammatical make up of body-based emotional collocations, and in particular the role of noun incorporation. In MalakMalak, noun incorporation is a central part of forming predicates with body parts, but uncommon in any other semantic domain of the language and only lexemes denoting basic emotions may also incorporate closed-class adjectives.

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