Perception-Based Data Reduction for Haptic Force-Feedback Signals Using Velocity-Adaptive Deadbands

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Kammerl ◽  
Iason Vittorias ◽  
Verena Nitsch ◽  
Eckehard Steinbach ◽  
Sandra Hirche
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
High Data ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Improved Data Reduction

In telepresence and teleaction (TPTA) systems, the transmission of haptic signals puts high demands on the applied signal processing and communication procedures. When running a TPTA session across a packet-based communication network (e.g., the Internet), minimizing the end-to-end delay results in packet rates of up to the applied sampling rate of the local control loops at the human system interface and the teleoperator. The perceptual deadband data reduction approach for haptic signals successfully addresses the challenge of high packet rates in networked TPTA systems and satisfies the strict delay constraints. In this paper, we extend the underlying perceptual model of the deadband approach by incorporating psychophysical findings on human force-feedback discrimination during operators' relative hand movements. By applying velocity-dependent perception thresholds to the deadband approach, we observe further improvement in efficiency and performance due to improved adaption to human haptic perception thresholds. The psychophysical experiments conducted reveal improved data reduction performance of our proposed haptic perceptual coding scheme without impairing the user experience. Our results show a high data reduction ability of up to 96% without affecting system transparency or the operator's task performance.

scholarly journals A standardized protocol for the comprehensive assessment of dental hygiene work

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Roll ◽  
Mark E. Hardison ◽  
Jane L. Forrest ◽  
Nikki L. Colclazier ◽  
Joyce Y. Sumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Video Acquisition ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Observation Protocol

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in dental hygienists. Although engineering controls and ergonomic training is available, it is unclear why this intransigent problem continues. One possible barrier is that a comprehensive, standardized protocol for evaluating dental hygiene work does not exist. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to generate a valid and reliable observational protocol for the assessment of dental hygiene work. METHODS: An iterative process was used to establish and refine an ecologically valid video acquisition and observation protocol to assess key activities, tasks, and performance components of dental hygiene work. RESULTS: Good inter-rater reliability was achieved across all variables when the final coding scheme was completed by three independent raters. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides an exemplar of the process required to generate a comprehensive protocol for evaluating the work components of a particular job, and provides standardized nomenclature for use by scientists and practitioners interested in understanding and addressing the pervasive issue of work-related disorders in dental hygienists.

scholarly journals Fog and rain attenuation characterization and performance of terrestrial free space optical communication in Akure, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Ajewole M. O ◽  
Owolawi P. A ◽  
Ojo J. S ◽  
Adetunji R. M.
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
High Data ◽  
Space Optical Communication ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year

Reliable broadband communication requires secure high data rate and bandwidth links. With the observedincrease in broadband users, known communication systems such as RF and microwave links cannot promise suchrequirements due to link interference and low bandwidth. A current communication system that promises suchrequirements and more is Free Space Optical (FSO) communication. This system basically involves the transmissionof signal-modulated optical radiation from a transmitter to a receiver through the atmosphere or outer space. However,location-variant atmospheric channel degrades the performance of an FSO system under severe atmosphericconditions, thus necessitating local atmospheric attenuation studies.This paper presents the characterization of both fog- and rain-induced attenuation and the performance ofan FSO system in a terrestrial terrain at Akure, Nigeria. One-year archived visibility data and in-situ measured 1-minute integration time rain rate data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and the Departmentof Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure were used to compute the fog- and rain-induced specificattenuations using Kruse model and Carboneur model respectively. The performance of the FSO system is analyzedthrough link margin by using the parameters of a commercial optical transceiver, Terescope 5000.

scholarly journals Fog and Rain Attenuation Characterization and Performance of Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communication in Akure, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Joseph Sunday Ojo ◽  
Owolawi P. A. ◽  
Ajewole M. O. ◽  
Adetunji R. M.
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
High Data ◽  
Space Optical Communication ◽  
And Performance

 Reliable broadband communication requires secure high data rate and bandwidth links. With the observed increase in broadband users, known communication systems such as RF and microwave links cannot promise such requirements due to link interference and low bandwidth. A current communication system that promises such requirements and more is Free Space Optical (FSO) communication. This system basically involves the transmission of signal-modulated optical radiation from a transmitter to a receiver through the atmosphere or outer space. However, location-variant atmospheric channel degrades the performance of an FSO system under severe atmospheric conditions, thus necessitating local atmospheric attenuation studies. This paper presents the characterization of both fog- and rain-induced attenuation and the performance of an FSO system in a terrestrial terrain at Akure, Nigeria. One-year archived visibility data and in-situ measured 1-minute integration time rain rate data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and the Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure were used to compute the fog- and rain-induced specific attenuations using Kruse model and Carboneur model respectively. The performance of the FSO system is analyzed through link margin by using the parameters of a commercial optical transceiver, Terescope 5000.

scholarly journals Interpretasi dan Bentuk Penyajian Lagu Habanera Dalam Opera Carmen Karya George Bizet Oleh Heny Janawati

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Salma Falista Salsabilla
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Mezzo Soprano ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data Inference

AbstractHabanera, one of the most famous songs in Opera Carmen, tells the love life of Carmen as the main role. Interestingly, the song Habanera was sung by an Indonesian mezzo-soprano singer from Bali, Heny Janawati, who has perform the Opera Carmen while singing in Europe and Indonesia with different interpretations and performance of song Habanera. The purpose of this study was to analyze the interpretation and performance form of the Habanera Opera Carmen song when it was performed in Jakarta in 2016 in order to become a knowledge. This research process used qualitative methods. The data in this study were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentations. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, and data inference. As for the data validity test used triangulation. The results of this study indicate that Heny Janawati has characteristics to interpret this song through out the structure, tempo, dynamics, and intonation of this song. That she present in Opera Carmen are more modern from it's europe counterpart, which in Europe its characteristics, number of accompaniments, dimensions of the setting, lighting and wardrobe are more traditional. 

Tuxedo: Maximizing Smart Contract Computation in PoW Blockchains

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sourav Das ◽  
Nitin Awathare ◽  
Ling Ren ◽  
Vinay J. Ribeiro ◽  
Umesh Bellur
Keyword(s):  
System Parameter ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Interarrival Time ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Synchronous Network ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Harmful Effects

Proof-of-Work (PoW) based blockchains typically allocate only a tiny fraction (e.g., less than 1% for Ethereum) of the average interarrival time (I) between blocks for validating smart contracts present in transactions. In such systems, block validation and PoW mining are typically performed sequentially, the former by CPUs and the latter by ASICs. A trivial increase in validation time (τ) introduces the popularly known Verifier's Dilemma, and as we demonstrate, causes more forking and hurts fairness. Large τ also reduces the tolerance for safety against a Byzantine adversary. Solutions that offload validation to a set of non-chain nodes (a.k.a. off-chain approaches) suffer from trust and performance issues that are non-trivial to resolve. In this paper, we present Tuxedo, the first on-chain protocol to theoretically scale τ/I ≈1 in PoW blockchains. The key innovation in Tuxedo is to perform CPU-based block processing in parallel to ASIC mining. We achieve this by allowing miners to delay validation of transactions in a block by up to ζ blocks, where ζ is a system parameter. We perform security analysis of Tuxedo considering all possible adversarial strategies in a synchronous network with maximum end-to-end delay Δ and demonstrate that Tuxedo achieves security equivalent to known results for longest chain PoW Nakamoto consensus. Our prototype implementation of Tuxedo atop Ethereum demonstrates that it can scale τ without suffering the harmful effects of naive scaling up of τ/I in existing blockchains

Viterbi Decoder in Hardware

2018 ◽  
pp. 6307-6318
Author(s):  
Mário Pereira Véstias
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Viterbi Algorithm ◽  
Viterbi Decoder ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Decoding ◽  
High Data ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Trellis Decoding ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Viterbi Decoders ◽  
Very High

Trellis decoding is used to recover encoded information that was corrupted during transmission over a noisy channel. The Viterbi algorithm is the most well known trellis-based maximum likelihood decoding algorithm. The Viterbi algorithm is executed by a Viterbi decoder. Different hardware solutions may be considered to implement a Viterbi decoder with different design requirements in terms of area, performance, power consumption, among others. The most appropriate solution depends on the metric requirements of the application as well as on the target technology. Properties of the Viterbi algorithm are used to simplify and improve the architecture of the Viterbi decoder. In particular, statistical properties of the Viterbi algorithm are used to design parallel Viterbi decoders with very high data decoding rates. The article focuses on the implementation of a Viterbi decoder in hardware, including optimizations to improve the area and performance.

Dynamic Analysis and Stability Improvement Concerning the Integration of Wind Farms Kurdistan Electric Network Case Study

2011 ◽  
pp. 198-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saleh ◽  
Hassan Bevrani
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electric Network ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability

This chapter presents an overview of key issues and technical challenges in a regional electric network, following the integration of a considerable amount of wind power. A brief survey on wind power system, the present status of wind energy worldwide, common dynamic models, and control loops for wind turbines are given. In this chapter, the Kurdistan electric network in the Northwest part of Iran is introduced as a case study system, and an analytical approach is conducted to evaluate the potential of wind power installation, overall capacity estimation, and economic issues, based on the practical data. Then, the impact of high penetration wind power on the system dynamic and performance for various wind turbine technologies is presented. The stability of integrated system is analyzed, and the need for revising of conventional controls and performance standards is emphasized. Finally, a STATCOM-based control approach is addressed to improve the system stability.

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