scholarly journals Scientometric engineering: Exploring citation dynamics via arXiv eprints

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Keisuke Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Citation Index ◽  
Citation Data ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Scholarly Communications ◽  
Collective Attention ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Abstract Scholarly communications have been rapidly integrated into digitised and networked open ecosystems, where preprint servers have played a pivotal role in accelerating the knowledge transfer processes. However, quantitative evidence is scarce regarding how this paradigm shift beyond the traditional journal publication system has affected the dynamics of collective attention on science. To address this issue, we investigate the citation data of more than 1.5 million eprints on arXiv (https://arxiv.org) and analyse the long-term citation trend for each discipline involved. We find that the typical growth and obsolescence patterns vary across disciplines, reflecting different publication and communication practices. The results provide unique evidence on the attention dynamics shaped by the research community today, including the dramatic growth and fast obsolescence of Computer Science eprints, which has not been captured in previous studies relying on the citation data of journal papers. Subsequently, we develop a quantitatively-and-temporally normalised citation index with an approximately normal distribution, which is useful for comparing citational attention across disciplines and time periods. Further, we derive a stochastic model consistent with the observed quantitative and temporal characteristics of citation growth and obsolescence. The findings and the developed framework open a new avenue for understanding the nature of citation dynamics. Peer Review https://publons.com/publon/10.1162/qss_a_00174

Just Paying Attention: Communication for Organizational Attention

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Organizational Functions ◽  
Organizational Attention ◽  
Collective Attention ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Communication Interventions

The main premises in this article are that organizational attention is inherently communicative, and can be nurtured through communication interventions. Two communication practices that reflect organizational attention—information allocation and dialogue—can be nurtured through organizational structures and interventions. Increasing opportunities for dialogue across organizational functions is critical to improve collective attention. Prior research and empirical data are presented to assert that a long-term orientation is also imperative to develop attention through communication practices such as information allocation and dialogue.

Tertiary nitrification in pilot-plant plug-flow fixed-film reactors with long-term ammonium deficiency

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fruhen ◽  
K. Böcker ◽  
S. Eidens ◽  
D. Haaf ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Industrial Project ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Observation Period

The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the nitrification capacity of a pilot-plant fixed-film reactor changes during extensive periods of nutrient supply deficiency. The examined pilot-plant was an upflow reactor filled with swelling clay of medium grain size (6 to 8 mm). The experiments revealed that the maximum nitrification rate remained practically constant during the first weeks after the onset of unregulated ammonium supply. The capacity declined slowly, dropping to approximately 66% of the initial capacity after about ten weeks. Still ammonium peaks of up to 8 mg/l were readily nitrified throughout the entire period of the experiment. The reduction in nitrification capacity during the observation period did not result from decay processes of biomass but from the reactor becoming blocked and thus hampering transfer processes. It could be observed that the detached organisms attached again further up. This semi-industrial project demonstrated that a plug-flow fixed-film reactor can be used as effective means of tertiary nitrification.

scholarly journals ImmunoCAP® ISAC and Microtest for multiplex allergen testing in people with difficult to manage allergic disease: a systematic review and cost analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (67) ◽  
pp. 1-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Westwood ◽  
Bram Ramaekers ◽  
Shona Lang ◽  
Nigel Armstrong ◽  
Caro Noake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Immunocap Isac

BackgroundAllergy is a form of immune-mediated exaggerated sensitivity (hypersensitivity) to a substance that is either inhaled, swallowed, injected or comes into contact with the skin. Foreign substances that provoke allergies are called allergens. It has been claimed that multiplex allergen testing may help in diagnosing the cause of symptoms in patients with an unclear cause of allergy or who are allergic to more than one substance.ObjectivesTo evaluate multiplex allergen testing [devices that can measure the presence of multiple immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in a patient’s blood at the same time], by assessing (1) clinical effectiveness (allergy symptoms, incidence of acute exacerbations, mortality, adverse events of testing and treatment, health-care presentations or admissions, health-related quality of life); (2) effects on treatment (diet, immunotherapy medications, other potential testing); (3) any additional diagnostic information provided by multiplex allergen testing; and (4) cost-effectiveness (cost of different assessment strategies).MethodsFifteen databases were searched from 2005 to April 2015, including MEDLINE (via OvidSp), MEDLINE In-Process Citations, MEDLINE Daily Update, PubMed (National Library of Medicine), EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, Science Citation Index (SCI), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S), BIOSIS Previews, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) HTA programme, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); supplementary searches of conference proceedings and trials registries were performed. Review methods followed published guidance from the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate published tools or a review-specific tool designed by the project team. Studies were summarised in a narrative synthesis. Owing to a lack of data on the clinical effectiveness of multiplex allergen testing, no long-term cost-effectiveness model was developed. A conceptual model structure was developed and cost analyses were performed to examine the short-term costs of various possible diagnostic pathways.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the review. The very limited available data indicated that the addition of multiplex allergen testing [ImmunoCAP®Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC), Thermo Fisher Scientific/Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden] to standard diagnostic work-up can change the clinicians’ views on the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients. There was some indication that the use of ImmunoCAP ISAC testing may be useful to guide decisions on the discontinuation of restrictive diets, the content of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) prescriptions, and whether or not patients should receive SIT. However, none of the studies that we identified reported any information on clinical outcomes subsequent to changes in treatment or management. There was some evidence that ImmunoCAP ISAC may be useful for discriminating allergens that are structurally similar and are recognised by the same IgE antibody (cross-immunoreactive). No data were available for Microtest (Microtest Matrices Ltd, London, UK). Detailed cost analyses suggested that multiplex allergen testing would have to result in a substantial reduction of the proportions of patients receiving single IgE testing and oral food challenge tests in order to be cost-saving in the short term.ConclusionsNo recommendations for service provision can be made based on the analyses included in this report. It is suggested that a consensus-based protocol for the use of multiplex allergen testing be developed. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the proposed protocol should then be assessed by comparing long-term clinical and quality of life outcomes and resource use in patients managed using the protocol with those managed using a standard diagnostic pathway.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015019739.FundingThis project was a Diagnostic Assessment Report commissioned by the NIHR HTA programme on behalf of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of the Journal «Psychological Science and Education»

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Shvedovskaya ◽  
N.V. Meshkova
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Citation Data ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Science And Education

This study aims to explore the journal bibliometric characteristics of the journal “Psychological Science and Education”. The citation data were drawn from references of each article of “Psychological Science and Education” during 1996 and 2015. Data retrieved from the Russian Citation Index (E.library.ru) and the Portal of Russian Psychological Publications (Psyjournals.ru) database were used to identify the main cited journals, publications and authors.

Physicians’ Preferences for Communication of Pharmacist-Provided Medication Therapy Management in Community Pharmacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall D. Guthrie ◽  
Steven C. Stoner ◽  
D. Matthew Hartwig ◽  
Justin R. May ◽  
Sara E. Nicolaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Medication Therapy Management ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
Therapy Management ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Communication Practices

Objectives: (1) To identify physicians’ preferences in regard to pharmacist-provided medication therapy management (MTM) communication in the community pharmacy setting; (2) to identify physicians’ perceived barriers to communicating with a pharmacist regarding MTM; and (3) to determine whether Missouri physicians feel MTM is beneficial for their patients. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective survey study of 2021 family and general practice physicians registered with MO HealthNet, Missouri’s Medicaid program. Results: The majority (52.8%) of physicians preferred MTM data to be communicated via fax. Most physicians who provided care to patients in long-term care (LTC) facilities (81.0%) preferred to be contacted at their practice location as opposed to the LTC facility. The greatest barriers to communication were lack of time and inefficient communication practices. Improved/enhanced communication was the most common suggestion for improvement in the MTM process. Approximately 67% of respondents reported MTM as beneficial or somewhat beneficial for their patients. Conclusions: Survey respondents saw value in the MTM services offered by pharmacists. However, pharmacists should use the identified preferences and barriers to improve their currently utilized communication practices in hopes of increasing acceptance of recommendations. Ultimately, this may assist MTM providers in working collaboratively with patients’ physicians.

Membrane Transport at the Biotrophic Interface: an Overview

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA Smith ◽  
SE Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Cell Wall Metabolism ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Bidirectional Transport ◽  
Membrane Level

Many studies of interactions between the organisms which form biotrophic symbioses have concentrated on extracellular events such as signals and responses that involve modifications to cell wall metabolism. It is clear, however, that formation of a biotrophic association must also involve signals and responses at the membrane level and modifications to membrane activity resulting in changes in the transfer of nutrients. In parasitic biotrophs the modifications to membrane transport result in unidirectional transport (at least in the long term). In mycorrhizal associations, lichens and N2-fixing symbioses, it appears that well regulated bidirectional transport of nutrients between symbionts must occur, thus allowing a persistent compatible (and mutualistic) symbiosis. Evidence for such membrane modifications comes from changes in ATPase activity. The overall question to be considered in mutualistic symbioses is whether nutrient transfer processes have analogies elsewhere in the physiology of plants or whether 'new' transport events are switched on as a result of interactions between the organisms.

scholarly journals Crossref: The sustainable source of community-owned scholarly metadata

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginny Hendricks ◽  
Dominika Tkaczyk ◽  
Jennifer Lin ◽  
Patricia Feeney
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Citation Data ◽  
Peer Reviews ◽  
Scholarly Communications ◽  
Metadata Quality ◽  
Data Provision ◽  
Scholarly Data ◽  
Rest Api ◽  
Conference Papers

This paper describes the scholarly metadata collected and made available by Crossref, as well as its importance in the scholarly research ecosystem. Containing over 106 million records and expanding at an average rate of 11% a year, Crossref’s metadata has become one of the major sources of scholarly data for publishers, authors, librarians, funders, and researchers. The metadata set consists of 13 content types, including not only traditional types, such as journals and conference papers, but also data sets, reports, preprints, peer reviews, and grants. The metadata is not limited to basic publication metadata, but can also include abstracts and links to full text, funding and license information, citation links, and the information about corrections, updates, retractions, etc. This scale and breadth make Crossref a valuable source for research in scientometrics, including measuring the growth and impact of science and understanding new trends in scholarly communications. The metadata is available through a number of APIs, including REST API and OAI-PMH. In this paper, we describe the kind of metadata that Crossref provides and how it is collected and curated. We also look at Crossref’s role in the research ecosystem and trends in metadata curation over the years, including the evolution of its citation data provision. We summarize the research used in Crossref’s metadata and describe plans that will improve metadata quality and retrieval in the future.

scholarly journals Representation of estuarine, coastal and marine biosphere systems within post-closure performance assessments supporting geological disposal of higher activity radioactive wastes in the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1467-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Walke ◽  
M. C. Thorne ◽  
J. T. Smith ◽  
R. Kowe
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Potential Contaminant ◽  
Estuarine Coastal ◽  
The Uk

AbstractRadioactive Waste Management Limited (RWM) is tasked with implementing geological disposal of the United Kingdom's (UK) higher activity radioactive wastes. This paper describes how RWM's biosphere modelling capability has been extended from a solely terrestrial model to allow potential contaminant releases to estuarine, coastal and marine systems around the UK to be represented. The new models aim to strike a balance between being as simple as can be justified, erring on the side of conservative estimates of potential doses, while also representing the features and processes required to reflect and distinguish UK coastal systems. Sediment dynamics (including meandering of estuaries and sediment accumulation) are explicitly represented in a simplified form that captures the accumulation and remobilization of radionuclides. Long-term transitions between biosphere systems (such as from a salt marsh to a terrestrial system) are outside the scope of the study. The models and supporting data draw on information about the UK that is representative of present-day conditions and represent potential exposures arising from both occupational and recreational habits.?Generic calculations demonstrate that potential doses to humans arising from releases to estuarine, coastal and marine systems are typically more than two orders of magnitude lower than those for equivalent releases to terrestrial systems via well water and groundwater discharge to soil. The extended capability (i) ensures that RWM is able to undertake assessments for potential coastal site contexts, if and when required, and (ii) provides RWM with quantitative evidence to support the principal focus on terrestrial releases ( particularly for more generic assessments).

scholarly journals Censored Translations in Franco’s Spain: The TRACE Project —  Theatre and Fiction (English-Spanish)

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Merino ◽  
Rosa Rabadán
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Work Done

Abstract This article explores whether translational phenomena that are particular to censoring societies, such as Franco’s Spain, exist and, if so, whether they are exclusive to this type of recipient context. By using data from the TRACE project, translated theatre and fiction are analysed in terms of both the external restrictions imposed by official censorship and the long-term effects of official censorship on the recipient context. The study reveals three outstanding transfer processes during the period–adaptation, pseudotranslation and the massive cloning of genres, settings and character stereotypes originally imported through translation–, as well as the prevalence of intersemiotic chains that linked texts across languages and textual mode boundaries. When compared with work done on present-day texts translated from English to Spanish, our findings seem to indicate that these phenomena were more widespread in the period under study but cannot be considered exclusive to official censorship contexts.

Assessing (In)security after the Arab Spring

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gledhill
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Collective Attention ◽  
The Arab Spring

More than two years after the heady days of protest and uprising that characterized the Arab Spring, the glow of revolution has given way to the intricacies and complications of regime building. Coalitions are being formed, constitutions written, judiciaries vetted, and security services (re)built. As collective attention focuses on these complexities of regime restructuring, it is worth noting that a fundamental security paradox sits at the heart of transitions in the Middle East and North Africa. On one hand, individuals who hit the streets or battlefields in support of revolution in 2011 did so in the belief that a new form of government would improve their political, social, and economic security over the long term. On the other hand, subsequent (and ongoing) efforts to draft new rules of the political game have triggered internal conflicts and, on occasion, those conflicts have compromised citizens' physical security over the short term.

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