scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Voting Wait Times: Evidence from Smartphone Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
M. Keith Chen ◽  
Kareem Haggag ◽  
Devin G. Pope ◽  
Ryne Rohla
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Wait Times ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Shed Light

Equal access to voting is a core feature of democratic government. Using data from hundreds of thousands of smartphone users, we quantify a racial disparity in voting wait times across a nationwide sample of polling places during the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Relative to entirely-white neighborhoods, residents of entirely-black neighborhoods waited 29% longer to vote and were 74% more likely to spend more than 30 minutes at their polling place. This disparity holds when comparing predominantly white and black polling places within the same states and counties, and survives numerous robustness and placebo tests. We shed light on the mechanism for these results and discuss how geospatial data can be an effective tool to both measure and monitor these disparities going forward.

Do Police Brutality Stories Reduce 911 Calls? Reassessing an Important Criminological Finding

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zoorob
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods

This comment reassesses the prominent claim from Desmond, Papachristos, and Kirk (2016) (DPK) that 911 calls plummeted—and homicides surged—because of a police brutality story in Milwaukee (the Jude story). The results in DPK depend on a substantial outlier 47 weeks after the Jude story, the final week of data. Identical analyses without the outlier final week show that the Jude story had no statistically significant effect on either total 911 calls or violent crime 911 calls. Modeling choices that do not extrapolate from data many weeks after the Jude story—including an event study and “regression discontinuity in time”—also find no evidence that calls declined, a consistent result across predominantly black neighborhoods, predominantly white neighborhoods, and citywide. Finally, plotting the raw data demonstrates stable 911 calls in the weeks around the Jude story. Overall, the existing empirical evidence does not support the theory that publishing brutality stories decreases crime reporting and increases murders.

“Race and Housing Values: What Happens When Whites Don't All Move Out?”

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Moye ◽  
Melvin Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Housing Values ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Black Residents

Previous research on neighborhood racial composition and housing values has demonstrated that as the proportion of Black residents in a neighborhood increases housing values lag. In this paper, we investigate whether there are neighborhood types or locations where racial diversity does not have a negative impact on housing values. This research contributes to the study of residential segregation by focusing on stable integrated neighborhoods. Using metropolitan Philadelphia as a strategic case, we compare stable, integrated neighborhoods to racially transitioning neighborhoods and predominantly White and Black neighborhoods. To do this, we comparatively examine housing prices and rates of home value appreciation from 1990 to 2005. We find that stable integrated neighborhoods have rates of appreciation slightly higher than predominantly White neighborhoods.

Does Social Media Engagement Translate to Civic Engagement Offline?

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402199944
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Piatak ◽  
Ian Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Engagement ◽  
Informal Volunteering ◽  
Using Data

People increasingly engage in politics on social media, but does online engagement translate to offline engagement? Research is mixed with some suggesting how one uses the internet maters. We examine how political engagement on social media corresponds to offline engagement. Using data following the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, we find the more politically engaged people are on social media, the more likely they are to engage offline across measures of engagement—formal and informal volunteering, attending local meetings, donating to and working for political campaigns, and voting. Findings offer important nuances across types of civic engagement and generations. Although online engagement corresponds to greater engagement offline in the community and may help narrow generational gaps, this should not be the only means to promote civic participation to ensure all have a voice and an opportunity to help, mobilize, and engage.

scholarly journals A Webgis Framework for Disseminating Processed Remotely Sensed on Land Cover Transformations

2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Caradonna ◽  
Antonio Novelli ◽  
Eufemia Tarantino ◽  
Raffaela Cefalo ◽  
Umberto Fratino
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Mediterranean regions have experienced significant soil degradation over the past decades. In this context, careful land observation using satellite data is crucial for understanding the long-term usage patterns of natural resources and facilitating their sustainable management to monitor and evaluate the potential degradation. Given the environmental and political interest on this problem, there is urgent need for a centralized repository and mechanism to share geospatial data, information and maps of land change. Geospatial data collecting is one of the most important task for many users because there are significant barriers in accessing and using data. This limit could be overcome by implementing a WebGIS through a combination of existing free and open source software for geographic information systems (FOSS4G). In this paper we preliminary discuss methods for collecting raster data in a geodatabase by processing open multi-temporal and multi-scale satellite data aimed at retrieving indicators for land degradation phenomenon (i.e. land cover/land use analysis, vegetation indices, trend analysis, etc.). Then we describe a methodology for designing a WebGIS framework in order to disseminate information through maps for territory monitoring. Basic WebGIS functions were extended with the help of POSTGIS database and OpenLayers libraries. Geoserver was customized to set up and enhance the website functions developing various advanced queries using PostgreSQL and innovative tools to carry out efficiently multi-layer overlay analysis. The end-product is a simple system that provides the opportunity not only to consult interactively but also download processed remote sensing data.

Why we need a new approach to teaching digital literacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Breakstone ◽  
Sarah McGrew ◽  
Mark Smith ◽  
Teresa Ortega ◽  
Sam Wineburg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Web Searching ◽  
Main Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Web

In recent years — and especially since the 2016 presidential election — numerous media organizations, newspapers, and policy advocates have made efforts to help Americans become more careful consumers of the information they see online. In K-12 and higher education, the main approach has been to provide students with checklists they can use to assess the credibility of individual websites. However, the checklist approach is outdated. It would be far better to teach young people to follow the lead of professional fact-checkers: When confronted by a new and unfamiliar website, they begin by looking elsewhere on the web, searching for any information that might shed light on who created the site in question and for what purpose.

LIVING WITHIN THE VEIL:

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 489-515
Author(s):  
Chasity Bailey-Fakhoury ◽  
Donald Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Predominantly White ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Racial Microaggressions ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Predominantly White Schools ◽  
White Schools ◽  
Battle Fatigue ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Using Data

AbstractUsing data from a mixed methods study with suburban Detroit, middle-class mothers as participants, we explore the relationship between racial microaggressions and the racial battle fatigue experienced by Black mothers with young daughters attending predominantly White schools. We find that Black mothers are regularly subjected to racial microaggressions by the White teachers, administrators, and parents with whom they interact. When experiencing slights, insults, and indignities, mothers report taking direct action—borne from African American motherwork—to combat the racial microaggressions. In the context of predominantly White schools, Black mothers enact aesthetic presence, maintain a visible presence, and are strategic in their interactions with school personnel. Racial battle fatigue is evident as they experience and combat racial microaggressions. To extend understanding of racial microaggressions, we apply the sociological concept of the Du Boisian Veil to our analysis. We discuss how the Veil—a barrier which protects the Black psyche by grounding the racialized self while simultaneously precluding racial equality by sustaining racial oppression—can induce the racial battle fatigue that is manifested when one is deluged by racial microaggressions.

Shrouded Prices and Firm Reputation: Evidence from the U.S. Hotel Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett Chiles
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Firm Reputation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The U.S

Firms in many industries engage in price obfuscation—tactics that intentionally make prices more difficult for consumers to discern. Although existing research has focused on the short-term financial gains that motivate firms to obfuscate, reputational concerns may at least partially counteract these incentives if consumers punish deceptive firms via loss of loyalty in future transactions and/or publicly observable negative feedback. This paper addresses the latter possibility, exploring the impact of mandatory shrouded surcharges on firm reputation in the U.S. hotel industry. Using data collected from two major online travel sites, I exploit differences in surcharge disclosure across booking channels to identify the causal effect of hidden “resort fees” on traveler ratings. I find that hidden fees decrease ratings by roughly 0.15 points (on a rating scale ranging from 1 to 5). The magnitude of this effect varies based on firm characteristics, and this variation is consistent with observed heterogeneity in resort fee adoption patterns: when the expected punishment is more severe, firms are substantially less likely to adopt shrouded surcharges. Results shed light on the extent to which reputational mechanisms may act as a check against price obfuscation and other similar practices intended to exploit boundedly rational consumers. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.

scholarly journals Out-of-Place and In-Place Policing: An Examination of Traffic Stops in Racially Segregated Philadelphia

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872092612
Author(s):  
Lance Hannon ◽  
Malik Neal ◽  
Alex R. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Black People ◽  
White People ◽  
Traffic Stops ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Racial Categorization ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
White Neighborhoods ◽  
The Veil

It is commonly argued that Black people may be more likely to be stopped by the police in majority White neighborhoods due to a natural tendency to first observe and then scrutinize that which seems out of the ordinary. Anecdotal evidence of police officers appearing equally drawn to White people in predominantly Black neighborhoods is sometimes presented to suggest that the phenomenon is race neutral. Motivated by such narratives, we examine the extent to which Black versus White racial categorization encourages police scrutiny in out-of-place and in-place contexts. Applying the veil-of-darkness and vehicle search threshold tests, we find that in place or out of place, being seen as White is always an advantage in Philadelphia.

Race, Gender, and the 2016 Presidential Election

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-761
Author(s):  
Tasha S. Philpot
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Data File ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
American National Election Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Racialized Gender ◽  
Series Study

ABSTRACTWith the first female presidential candidate at the top of the Democratic ticket, the gender gap in 2016 was predicted to be the largest ever. Although the gender gap proved to be bigger than any other in recent history, with a majority of women voting for Hillary Clinton, a disaggregation of the vote by race indicated that not all women equally supported the female presidential candidate. This suggests the existence of a racialized gender gap not previously explored by extant research. Thus, this article explores the nature of this interracial gender gap by examining the political evaluations of men and women, by race, in the 2016 presidential election. Using data from the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES) Time Series Study merged with the ANES Cumulative Data File (1948–2012), predictors of the gender gap were explored and the circumstances under which an interracial gender gap can be narrowed were examined.

scholarly journals When Private Information Settles the Bill: Money and Privacy in Google’s Market for Smartphone Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 3470-3494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kummer ◽  
Patrick Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
User Group ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Android Market ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Google Play ◽  
Shed Light

We shed light on a money-for-privacy trade-off in the market for smartphone applications (“apps”). Developers offer their apps at lower prices in return for greater access to personal information, and consumers choose between low prices and more privacy. We provide evidence for this pattern using data from 300,000 apps obtained from the Google Play Store (formerly Android Market) in 2012 and 2014. Our findings show that the market’s supply and demand sides both consider an app’s ability to collect private information, measured by the apps’s use of privacy-sensitive permissions: (1) cheaper apps use more privacy-sensitive permissions; (2) given price and functionality, demand is lower for apps with sensitive permissions; and (3) the strength of this relationship depends on contextual factors, such as the targeted user group, the app’s previous success, and its category. Our results are robust and consistent across several robustness checks, including the use of panel data, a difference-in-differences analysis, “twin” pairs of apps, and various measures of privacy-sensitivity and app demand. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.

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