Regional National Autonomy under Challenge: Law, Practice and Recommendations

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Maria Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
National Autonomy ◽  
Conflict Solution

AbstractRegional national autonomy is claimed to be the "basic policy" of the Chinese Communist Party and a "basic political system" of the State to solve the minority nationalities' issues in China. Within the framework of "basic law", the Regional National Autonomy Law, the rights of the minority nationalities to administer their internal affairs shall be guaranteed. The present severe challenges to this system can be observed through its malfunctions in ethnic conflict solution, the maintenance of cultural diversity and the due regards of the interests of minorities in the quick the economic development. By developing its research methodology based on reviewing previous studies in this field, this article tries to describe this system in law and in practice through four essential elements, which include territory, group, organs of self-government and autonomous power of regional national autonomy. Taking into account the problems of implementation of law and the institutional design of regional national autonomy, this article briefly explores options to provide a meaningful autonomy for minority nationalities in China.

High Tide on the High Plateau

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Benno Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
High Plateau ◽  
United Front ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Sudden Introduction ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the period from summer 1955 to summer 1956, a year that saw the sudden introduction of class analysis and protocollectivization into Amdo's grasslands. Spurred by the nationwide “High Tide of Socialist Transformation,” which sought to collectivize agriculture at a sudden and startling pace, in fall of 1955, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organized “intensive investigations” into Amdo's pastoral society, efforts meant to pave the way for the staged introduction of pastoral cooperatives. By early 1956, Qinghai's leadership had made cooperativization (hezuohua) the year's core task in pastoral areas. Under these circumstances, the underpinnings of the United Front came under pressure as socialism itself was declared the means to achieve nationality unity and economic development. With revolutionary impatience threatening to overwhelm United Front pragmatism, the rhetoric used to describe Tibetan elites began to shift as well. Rather than covictims of nationality exploitation, headmen and monastic leaders were increasingly transformed into representatives of the pastoral exploiting class.

scholarly journals The Chinese Communist Party: Recruiting and Controlling the New Elites

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Institution ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
The One

This article explores two interrelated aspects of the new dynamics within the CCP leadership – the new elite groups and the new ground rules in Chinese politics. The first shows profound changes in the recruitment of the elite and the second aims to reveal the changing mechanisms of political control and the checks and balances of the Chinese political system. The article argues that the future of the CCP largely depends on two seemingly contradictory needs: how broad-based will the Party's recruitment of its new elites be on the one hand and how effective will the top leadership be in controlling this increasingly diverse political institution on the other. The emerging fifth generation of leaders is likely to find the challenge of producing elite harmony and unity within the Party more difficult than their predecessors. Yet, the diverse demographic and political backgrounds of China's new leaders can also be considered a positive development that may contribute to the Chinese-style inner-Party democracy.

Chinese Civil Service Reform: The 13th Party Congress Proposals

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 739-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Civil Service Reform ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Personnel Administration ◽  
Party Congress

Since 1980, in their pursuit of economic development, reformist Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders have decentralized personnel administration and transferred formal authority over some personnel matters to state institutions. To manage its more complex economy, Party authorities have been forced to select professionals and specialists based in part on their technical qualifications and job performance. To a limited extent, the Party has begun to place personnel management in the hands of experts who are competent to assess the qualifications and work of their peers, and directly in the hands of employing institutions. The CCP has beat a limited, if unsteady retreat.

China Recruits Top SOE Executives into Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Lance L. P. GORE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party

An increasing number of top executives of China's giant state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have become provincial leaders through a scheme of cadre grooming by rotating their positions. Overall, SOE executives constitute a valuable pool of human resources from which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) can draw upon to promote local economic development. These CEO-turned provincial leaders inject fresh blood into the CCP's cadre corps but they also provide the bridge for state intervention in the marketplace.

The Influence of the Past: How the Early Years Helped to Shape the Future of the Chinese Communist Party

1968 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Martin Wilbur
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
The Relationship

Early in 1928 the Chinese Communist Party was in crisis. It might have disintegrated and disappeared. Yet in fact it persisted, constantly refashioned itself, and ultimately became the political system of the country. The broad questions we may ask about this historical fact are: What was the nature of the Party in 1928? What had been the experience of the leadership? And what was the relationship between the Party, with its distinctive ideology, and the Chinese social environment?

‘Loving Capitalism Disease’: Aids and Ideology in the People’s Republic of China, 1984–2000*

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-294
Author(s):  
Julian Gewirtz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Capitalist Ideology ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract This article examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) interpreted HIV/AIDS in the period from 1984, when the Chinese government first introduced policies reacting to the disease’s emergence, to 2000, when China’s devastating epidemic began to receive worldwide media attention. Important new sources show how the CCP cast HIV/AIDS as a staging ground for debates about the risks of liberalization and an evolving metaphor for deviance from socialism even in an era of capitalistic changes. Just as anti-capitalist ideology shaped official understandings of HIV/AIDS, so too did HIV/AIDS shape official views about the perils of China’s ‘reform and opening’ and the risks of capitalism to China. This two-way flow of meanings, which carried epidemiological and human consequences, illustrates the need for scholars of this period to foreground the evolving official ideology and forms of resistance to global capitalism — in politics, culture, society and even public health — rather than only the more common and sanguine narrative of rapid growth and economic development. Far more than previously understood, the interplay between AIDS and CCP ideology in this period reveals crucial dynamics in the evolution of China’s ongoing encounter with global capitalism.

scholarly journals Chinese Democratization: An Inevitability or Possibility?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Yany Siek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party

China's rapid economic growth since its late 1970 reforms has produced significant debate among scholars concerning whether or not it will democratize. Despite extensive liberalization of its economy, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) maintains an iron grip on its political system. Modernization theory and the potential for a stagnating economy present two compelling arguments for a democratic future. Although Chinese authoritarianism faces significant pressures, the CCP's use of pragmatic political reforms, adaptation, and alternative forms of legitimacy make it resilient. Economic growth or decline is not a sufficient condition for democratization. Rather, the likelihood of democratization will depend on the ability of the CCP to address emerging challenges such as political corruption that could threaten China's authoritarian resilience.

China's Governance: Political Reform in a Turbulent Environment

1989 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 481-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Turbulent Environment ◽  
The Chinese Communist Party ◽  
China’S Economy ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

In 1989, after 40 years in power, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is faced with its worst crisis since the Cultural Revolution (1966–69) over the issue of reform of the Stalinist political system. Arguing that political reform was the necessary pre–condition for further change in China's economy, the reform wing of the CCP confronted conservatives who feared that the Party was losing its monopoly of Chinese politics. The result was that thousands of unarmed civilians in Central Beijing were killed by the army in the J early hours of 4 June 1989.

scholarly journals Dreaming the Chinese Dream

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan R. Landsberger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Dream ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Chinese Dream ◽  
The One

On 1 October 2014, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) will observe the 65th anniversary of its founding which ended a decades’ long period of oppression by imperialism, internal strife and (civil) war. Under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), modernisation became the most important task. Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought guided the nation along this path that would lead to modernisation and the recognition of the new, strong China. As the first three decades passed, it became clear that ideological purity and revolutionary motivation did not lead to the realisation of the dream of rejuvenation. In late 1978, the Maoist revolutionary goals were replaced by the pragmatic policies that turned China into today’s economic powerhouse. How has this radical turn from revolution to economic development been realised? How has it affected China’s political, social and artistic cultures? Is China’s present Dream structurally different from the one cherished in 1949?

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