scholarly journals ON THE USE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY IN ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lape
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Island Southeast Asia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
New Information ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper reviews the use of archaeological and documentary sources in the understanding of the past in Island Southeast Asia. The relationship between these two sources of data (and data sources that cross the boundaries of these categories) has varied over time, depending on the availability of data, changing interpretive strategies and scholarly trends and influences. The wealth of documentary sources relevant to Island Southeast Asia's past, and the increasing availability of detailed archaeological data have increased the potential to understand the past in this region from a variety of points of view. While this potential has not yet been fully realized, in part due to an unsophisticated use of these separate lines of evidence, recent scholarship has pushed the boundaries and revealed new information and insights into this history. Cet article passe en revue l'utilisation de sources documentaires et archéologiques dans la connaissance du passé des îles du Sud-Est asiatique. La relation entre ces deux sources d'information (et les sources qui dépassent les limites de ces deux catégories) a évolué au fil du temps en fonction de la disponibilité des données, des changements dans les stratégies d'interprétation et des tendances et influences académiques. La richesse des sources documentaires utiles dans l'étude du passé des îles du Sud-Est asiatique, et la disponibilité croissante de données archéologiques détaillées ont permis, à plusieurs niveaux, de faciliter la compréhension du passé de cette région. Bien que ce potentiel n'ait pas encore été complètement exploité, en partie à cause d'une utilisation peu raffinée de ces distinctes catégories de preuves, des études universitaires récentes ont repoussé ces limites et ont dévoilé de nouveaux indices, permettant ainsi de mieux pénétrer l'histoire des îles du Sud-Est asiatique.

Houses of cards

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Ad Hominem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
New Information ◽  
Exciting Time

We have reached an important moment in the study of the Roman house. The past 20 years have been extremely active, with scholars approaching domestic space down different disciplinary and methodological avenues. Since the important essay on Campanian houses by A. Wallace-Hadrill in 1988, new excavations and scores of books and articles have changed the picture of Pompeii and, with it, that of the Roman house. Theoretical archaeologists have taken the lead, approaching Pompeii as an "archaeological laboratory" in which, armed with the interpretative tools of spatial and statistical analysis, they attempt to recover ancient behavioral patterns. The interdisciplinary picture that emerges is complex and inevitably contradictory. There is so much new information and such a tangle of perspectives that it is time to consider what we have learned and what kinds of interpretative tools we might best employ. Without doubt this is an exciting time in Roman studies. But two overviews of recent scholarship to appear this year, the present one by R. Tybout and another by P. Allison (AJA 105.2 [2001]), express considerable frustration and resort to ad hominem recriminations that signal a heated backlash, at least among some.

Smudge Pits and Hide Smoking: The Use of Analogy in Archaeological Reasoning

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Binford
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Behavioral Context ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt is argued that as a scientist one does not justifiably employ analogies to ethnographic observations for the "interpretation" of archaeological data. Instead, analogies should be documented and used as the basis for offering a postulate as to the relationship between archaeological forms and their behavioral context in the past. Such a postulate should then serve as the foundation of a series of deductively drawn hypotheses which, on testing, can refute or tend to confirm the postulate offered. Analogy should serve to provoke new questions about order in the archaeological record and should serve to prompt more searching investigations rather than being viewed as a means for offering "interpretations" which then serve as the "data" for synthesis. This argument is made demonstratively through the presentation of formal data on a class of archaeological features, "smudge pits," and the documentation of their positive analogy with pits as facilities used in smoking hides.

Entitlement and empathy in personal narrative

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Shuman
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Ethnography Of Communication ◽  
Erving Goffman ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvey Sacks ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Narrative Scholarship ◽  
The Relationship

My review of the past thirty years of narrative scholarship returns to the work of Harvey Sacks and Erving Goffman, situated in Dell Hymes’ ethnography of communication, to examine where their interactive model for understanding narrative has taken us. Although in some disciplines, narrative research is used as empirical evidence of how people interpret their experiences, Sacks’ work points more to the ways that personal narrative destabilizes the relationship between narrative and experience. Current work focuses on narrative at its limits, including the study of fragmented, rather than coherent, selves; multiply voiced, rather than monologic, points of view; and compromised, rather than easily empathetic, relations of understanding. This work builds on, rather than departs from, research on narrative thirty years ago. In this essay, I suggest a connection between early research on entitlement and contemporary research on the ethics of narrative, and I focus in particular on the problem of empathy.

scholarly journals Measuring online social bubbles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitar Nikolov ◽  
Diego F.M. Oliveira ◽  
Alessandro Flammini ◽  
Filippo Menczer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Massive Datasets ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information Spread ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Search Logs

Social media have become a prevalent channel to access information, spread ideas, and influence opinions. However, it has been suggested that social and algorithmic filtering may cause exposure to less diverse points of view. Here we quantitatively measure this kind of social bias at the collective level by mining a massive datasets of web clicks. Our analysis shows that collectively, people access information from a significantly narrower spectrum of sources through social media and email, compared to a search baseline. The significance of this finding for individual exposure is revealed by investigating the relationship between the diversity of information sources experienced by users at both the collective and individual levels in two datasets where individual users can be analyzed—Twitter posts and search logs. There is a strong correlation between collective and individual diversity, supporting the notion that when we use social media we find ourselves inside “social bubbles.” Our results could lead to a deeper understanding of how technology biases our exposure to new information.

scholarly journals “A horrific photo of a drowned Syrian child”: Humanitarian photography and NGO media strategies in historical perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (900) ◽  
pp. 1121-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Fehrenbach ◽  
Davide Rodogno
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Fundraising Strategies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Visual Technologies ◽  
Historical Examination

AbstractThis article is a historical examination of the use of photography in the informational and fundraising strategies of humanitarian organizations. Drawing on archival research and recent scholarship, it shows that the figure of the dead or suffering child has been a centrepiece of humanitarian campaigns for over a century and suggests that in earlier eras too, such photos, under certain conditions, could “go viral” and achieve iconic status. Opening with last year's photo campaign involving the case of 3-year-old Syrian refugee Alan Kurdi, whose body washed up on a Turkish beach near Bodrum in early September 2015, the article draws on select historical examples to explore continuities and ruptures in the narrative framing and emotional address of photos depicting dead or suffering children, and in the ethically and politically charged decisions by NGO actors and the media to publish and distribute such images. We propose that today, as in the past, the relationship between media and humanitarian NGOs remains symbiotic despite contemporary claims about the revolutionary role of new visual technologies and social media.

scholarly journals Early Lapita skeletons from Vanuatu show Polynesian craniofacial shape: Implications for Remote Oceanic settlement and Lapita origins

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Valentin ◽  
Florent Détroit ◽  
Matthew J. T. Spriggs ◽  
Stuart Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
The South ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Island Southeast Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Secondary Population ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Opening Up

With a cultural and linguistic origin in Island Southeast Asia the Lapita expansion is thought to have led ultimately to the Polynesian settlement of the east Polynesian region after a time of mixing/integration in north Melanesia and a nearly 2,000-y pause in West Polynesia. One of the major achievements of recent Lapita research in Vanuatu has been the discovery of the oldest cemetery found so far in the Pacific at Teouma on the south coast of Efate Island, opening up new prospects for the biological definition of the early settlers of the archipelago and of Remote Oceania in general. Using craniometric evidence from the skeletons in conjunction with archaeological data, we discuss here four debated issues: the Lapita–Asian connection, the degree of admixture, the Lapita–Polynesian connection, and the question of secondary population movement into Remote Oceania.

Secularism, Religion, and Democracy in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religion And Democracy ◽  
Intellectual Environment

The return of religion is most paradoxical, as in many parts of the world that take pride in their modernity and economic success, religion is emerging as the strongest reason in national politics. In addition, it is increasingly acknowledged that organized religion is not disappearing or fading but might even be gaining new forms of assertions. However many Western governments are unable to recognise a language that formulates both spaces, the secular and religious, to build our modern identities. The essays proposed for this volume analyse this post-secular turn as it has evolved in the past two decades. The collection also tries to situate the discourses within the larger intellectual environment shaped by anxieties about religion. This proposed volume is also a serious attempt to explore how the democratic traditions in Southeast Asia have transformed religious beliefs and practices along with the vocabulary of rule and obligation. The contributors question the relationship between modern forms of power and its citizens and the way religion, human rights, and secularism are framed. The chapters challenge the claim that religious traditions are either making nonsensical claims or have dangerous consequences when they enter the public realm. The result, we hope, will be invaluable for experts in this region wanting a broad picture of the debates on secularism and democracy in Southeast Asia.

The Relevance of Bourdieu’s Concepts for Studying the Intersections of Poverty, Race, and Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Race And Culture

Chapter abstract The connection between poverty and culture has long been a contentious one in the sociological literature. While distancing itself from the culture of poverty theory of the past, recent scholarship seeks to provide a deeper analysis of the relationship between structure and culture and how this relates to poverty. This chapter argues that the work of Pierre Bourdieu—and the significant body of literature that has built upon his key theories and concepts—offers many of the tools necessary to better understand the connections between poverty, race, and culture that plague the US social landscape and appear as growing problems throughout Europe as well. The chapter concludes by suggesting areas for further theoretical development and discussing a few empirical problems that may be illuminated through extensions of Bourdieu’s concepts.

scholarly journals Maxentius 3D Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Marsicano ◽  
Saverio Giulio Malatesta ◽  
Francesco Lella ◽  
Emanuela D'Ignazio ◽  
Eleonora Massacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
3D Software ◽  
The Relationship

Aim of the project is to propose a full 3D model of the Circus of Maxentius in Rome encompassing all the aspects of the environment, as well as the architectural system.The Circus is part o a complex built by Maxentius at the beginning of the IV century AD. The maxentian complex is situated on the via Appia between the second and the third mile; nowadays this area is part of the Parco Regionale dell’Appina Antica, where is not possible to remove the vegetation in order to preserve the ecosystem. For this reason a large part of the Circus is covered by the vegetation, making the reconnaissance of the entire structure impossible for researchers.Starting point was the study of archaeological data, afterward the team carried on a survey on field to integrate the published data with new information useful to create a metrically correct reconstruction of the monument.To model both the landscape and the architectural structures it was used Blender, an opens source software, otherwise to model the statues it was used the 3D software ZBrusj. Each element was modeled using scientific references or, in absence of them, following likelihood criteria.The result is a metrically and scientifically correct 3D model of the Circus of Maxentius useful to study the monument from a new point of view. Integrating archaeological data and 3D graphic is possible to verify the hypothesis on the reconstruction of the monument. To propose an in-depth study complete 3D model is needed to understand the relation among the architectonic elements and the environment.A 3D model is also useful to communicate the monument to the public, in order to strength the relationship between heritage and citizens. 

Transition to the Pre-Angkorian period (300–500 CE): Thala Borivat and a regional perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-505
Author(s):  
Piphal Heng
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Early Historic Period ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Regional Interaction ◽  
The Past

Archaeological data over the past two decades have contributed to our understanding of the transition into the historic period in Southeast Asia and rebutted outdated models of externally stimulated complex polity formation. This article investigates the transition into the Pre-Angkorian period 300–500 CE based on a model constructed using archaeological data from Thala Borivat, Cambodia. Data from Thala Borivat suggest a pattern of continuity where smaller proto-historic settlements may have become incorporatedc.300–500 CE into larger ones which became major Pre-Angkorian centres. This phenomenon coincided with evidence of increasing inter- and intra-regional interaction following the proto-historic period. This article argues that the model can be used to reinterpret the pattern observed in major Pre-Angkorian centres in the Mekong Delta and northeast Thailand. This pattern is complemented by the spatial correlation between the chronometrically-anchored ceramic traditions in proto-historic and early historic period Cambodia that suggests the continuity of local communities. Spatial correlation between prehistoric sites and inscriptions recording Pre-Angkorian elites, particularly thepoñ, mratāñ, and kings provides similar patterns of continuity between the elites of the late proto-historic to the Pre-Angkorian periods.

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