RECONSTRUCTING THE WORLD OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA: DIVIDED BEGINNINGS AND HOLISTIC HISTORY

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Dynasty Of Ur ◽  
Environmental Proxy

AbstractSince its inception in the nineteenth century, ancient Mesopotamian studies has recognized a division of labor between archaeologists and philologists/historians that has often skewed histories of the "land between the rivers." Recent efforts, inspired in part by the Sumerologist Thorkild Jacobsen, offer hope for more holistic histories. Three case studies—on the Inanna temple at Nippur under the Third Dynasty of Ur, abrupt climate change in the late third millennium and its social impact as reconstructed from environmental proxy data and textual sources, and the Sumerian Agriculture Group's collaborative research on subsistence—typify efforts to integrate material culture and texts. Dès le début des études sur la Mésopotamie ancienne au 19ème siècle, un fossé s'est creusé entre les archéologues et les philologues/historiens, et les travaux historiques portant sur le "pays entre les fleuves" en ont souvent été influencés. De récents efforts, inspirés en partie par le sumérologue Thorkild Jacobsen, permettent d'espérer une histoire plus compréhensive. Trois études de cas caractérisent les efforts d'intégration des données de la culture matérielle et des documents écrits: le temple d'Inanna à Nippour sous la troisième dynastie d'Ur; le brusque changement de climat survenu vers la fin du troisième millénaire et son impact social reconstruits à partir de textes et de données indirectes dérivées de l'environnement; enfin la recherche en interdisciplinaire du Sumerian Agriculture Group sur les ressources alimentaires.

scholarly journals Basic Services for All in an Urbanizing World: GOLD III

2014 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Claire Frost
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Development Goals

Basic Services for All in an Urbanizing World is the third instalment in United Cities and Local Government’s (UCLG) flagship series of global reports on local democracy and decentralisation (GOLD III). In the context of rapid urbanisation, climate change and economic uncertainty the report is an impressive attempt to analyse local government’s role in the provision of basic services, the challenges they are facing, and make recommendations to improve local government’s ability to ensure access for all. Published in 2014, the report is well positioned to feed into the current debate on what will follow the UN Millennium Development Goals, and examines the role of local government in the provision of basic services across the world regions.

Rinnovabili e/o nucleare. Come l'energia puň combattere i cambiamenti climatici

2009 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Gianni Mattioli ◽  
Massimo Scalia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Prompt Action

- The new point of view in climatology, that tells us of abrupt climate change (2002), has compelled the world scientific community to ask the G8 of Gleneagles (2005) for a "prompt action" in order to face the dramatic link energy/climate change properly. This request has already become a matter of policy decisions, see the "three 20%" stated by European Union as the objective at 2020 and the 150 billions of dollars program of Obama. What's the role, in this perspective, of renewable energy sources and nuclear one? The present paper shows the inconsistency of the "nuclear renaissance" and the incompatibility, specially for our country, between the nuclear choice launched by the Italian government and the 2020 EU objective, mainly but not only for economical reasons.

The Earth Is Out There: Attitudes Of Irish Secondary Students Towards Earth Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer Emily Neenan ◽  
Joseph Roche
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World

<p>The world is facing a future where geoscience issues with significant social impact are increasingly central, including climate change, clean water, energy and resource management (e.g. mining, fracking), and natural disasters. The disposition of the next generation of citizens, as future voters and as future scientists, is vital if the world is to meet the challenges of rising temperatures, rising sea levels, and rising incidences of natural disasters. This paper arises from ongoing educational research undertaken in Irish secondary schools, examining student engagement with and understanding of geoscientific topics. Earth Science is included in the new Science syllabus in Ireland for 12 - 15 year old students (lower secondary level), but so far, no one has studied Irish students’ attitudes towards Earth Science. This is a mixed-methods study involving a survey of secondary schools in Ireland, including urban and rural, and mixed- and single-gender schools. Students representative in age and demographics of the participants are included as consultant voices at multiple stages in the study. Preliminary results from this study will be discussed in detail, focusing on student attitudes towards Earth Science as global and Irish citizens; how they conceptualise human interdependence with and on the planet; and how they consider themselves in different ways connected to or independent from the Earth, the study of Earth Science, and students or children their age elsewhere on the planet facing similar challenges in the era of climate change. </p>

scholarly journals Role of CO<sub>2</sub> and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3489-3509
Author(s):  
R. Banderas ◽  
J. Álvarez-Solas ◽  
M. Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Ocean Winds

Abstract. The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations seems robust nowadays, their final cause remains unclear. Here, the role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds is investigated using a coupled model of intermediate complexity in an experimental setup designed such that the climate system resides close to a threshold found in previous studies. An abrupt surface air temperature (SAT) increase over the North Atlantic is simulated in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and/or enhancing southern westerlies. The simulated abrupt warming shows a similar pattern and amplitude over Greenland as registered in ice-core records of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. This is accompanied by a strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) intensification. The AMOC strengthening is found to be caused by a northward shift of NADW formation sites into the Nordic Seas as a result of an increase in sea surface salinity in the Northeastern Atlantic. The latter is caused by a northward retreat of the sea-ice front in response to higher temperatures. In this way, a new mechanism that is consistent with proxy data is identified by which abrupt climate change can be promoted.

scholarly journals Rise Up: Understanding Youth Social Entrepreneurs and Their Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 074391562093770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa G. Bublitz ◽  
Lan Nguyen Chaplin ◽  
Laura A. Peracchio ◽  
Ashley Deutsch Cermin ◽  
Mentor Dida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Transformative Consumer Research

This research focuses on youth social entrepreneurs who are leading ventures that address pressing societal problems including climate change, gun reform, and social justice. It answers Journal of Public Policy & Marketing’s call for more research in marketing on social entrepreneurship. Consistent with the mission of Transformative Consumer Research to enhance individual and societal well-being, this research explores how the dynamic ecosystem of youth social entrepreneurs empowers them to rise up to transform people, communities, and the future for the better. The authors partnered with 20 established youth social entrepreneurs who have founded social impact initiatives as well as two organizations that support youth social entrepreneurs, Ashoka and Future Coalition, to develop a framework for understanding the ecosystem that encourages youth social entrepreneurs to enhance people’s well-being and make the world a better place. This framework integrates the experiences of these youth social entrepreneur partners and extant literature in marketing and related disciplines to provide guidance that can help researchers, policy makers, educators, and parents design an environment to support the success of youth social entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals VEGETATION RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU AT BASINAL SCALE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 1145-1152
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
Q. Kang ◽  
B. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Variation ◽  
New Framework

Global climate change has significantly affected vegetation variation in the third-polar region of the world &amp;ndash; the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As one of the most important indicators of vegetation variation (growth, coverage and tempo-spatial change), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely employed to study the response of vegetation to climate change. However, a long-term series analysis cannot be achieved because a single data source is constrained by time sequence. Therefore, a new framework was presented in this paper to extend the product series of monthly NDVI, taking as an example the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, one of the most important river basins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. NDVI products were acquired from two public sources: Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). After having been extended using the new framework, the new time series of NDVI covers a 384 months period (1982&amp;ndash;2013), 84 months longer than previous time series of NDVI product, greatly facilitating NDVI related scientific research. In the new framework, the Gauss Filtering Method was employed to filter out noise in the NDVI product. Next, the standard method was introduced to enhance the comparability of the two data sources, and a pixel-based regression method was used to construct NDVI-extending models with one pixel after another. The extended series of NDVI fit well with original AVHRR-NDVI. With the extended time-series, temporal trends and spatial heterogeneity of NDVI in the study area were studied. Principal influencing factors on NDVI were further determined. The monthly NDVI is highly correlated with air temperature and precipitation in terms of climatic change wherein the spatially averaged NDVI slightly increases in the summer and has increased in temperature and decreased in precipitation in the 32 years period. The spatial heterogeneity of NDVI is in accordance with the seasonal variation of the two climate-change factors. All of these findings can provide valuable scientific support for water-land resources exploration in the third-polar region of the world.

scholarly journals Role of CO<sub>2</sub> and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Banderas ◽  
J. &amp;Aacute;lvarez-Solas ◽  
M. Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Ocean Winds

Abstract. The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations in glacial abrupt climate change seems robust nowadays, the final cause of these reorganisations remains unclear. Here, the role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds is investigated using a coupled model of intermediate complexity in an experimental setup designed such that the climate system resides close to a threshold found in previous studies. An initial abrupt surface air temperature (SAT) increase over the North Atlantic by 4 K in less than a decade, followed by a more gradual warming greater than 10 K on centennial timescales, is simulated in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and/or enhancing southern westerlies. The simulated peak warming shows a similar pattern and amplitude over Greenland as registered in ice core records of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. This is accompanied by a strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) intensification. The AMOC strengthening is found to be caused by a northward shift of NADW formation sites into the Nordic Seas as a result of a northward retreat of the sea-ice front in response to higher temperatures. This leads to enhanced heat loss to the atmosphere as well as reduced freshwater fluxes via reduced sea-ice import into the region. In this way, a new mechanism that is consistent with proxy data is identified by which abrupt climate change can be promoted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Forest and Climate Change Empowerment Programs of Long Laai Village, Kecamatan Segah Berau District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Herman Anye ◽  
Novita Suryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Participation Program ◽  
Permanent Production

ABSTRACT: The community participation program in conserving village forests is carried out by the Forest and Climate Change Program of Long Laai Village. Indonesia's forest is one of the third largest tropical forests in the world and is ranked second in terms of diversity. From an ecological, economic and social perspective, it turns out that the level of forest destruction in Indonesia is still relatively high from year to year due to uncontrolled exploitation activities carried out massively without paying attention to sustainability and sustainability. Kalimantan is one of the lungs of the world whose forest area is 40.8 million hectares. According to data released by the forestry department, the deforestation rate in Kalimantan from 2000 to 2005 reached around 1.23 million hectares. Berau District has an area of 2,194,299,525 hectares consisting of protection forest, limited production forest, permanent production forest, conservation forest and other areas of use. The successes and failures achieved by the community and the Forest and Climate Change program and the supporting and hindering factors for the program's running are a village approach strategy to raise community awareness in maintaining and utilizing forest products. ABSTRAK: Program partisipasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan hutan desa dilaksanakan oleh Forest and Climate Change Programme Desa Long Laai. Hutan Indonesia merupakan salah satu hutan tropis terluas ketiga di dunia dan ditempatkan pada urutan kedua dalam hal tingkat keanekaragaman. Dari sisi ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial ternyata tingkat kerusakkan hutan di Indonesia masih relatif tinggi dari tahun ketahun diakibatkan kegiatan eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali dan dilakukan secara masif tanpa memperhatikan kelestarian serta keberlanjutan.  Kalimantan adalah salah satu paru-paru dunia luas hutannya yaitu, 40,8 juta hektar. Menurut data yang dikeluarkan departemen kehutanan angka deforestasi Kalimantan pada tahun 2000 sampai 2005 mencapai sekitar 1,23 juta hektar. Kabupaten Berau memiliki luas wilayah 2.194.299,525 Ha yang terdiri dari Hutan Lindung, Hutan Produksi Terbatas, Hutan Produksi Tetap, Hutan Konservasi, dan Areal penggunaan Lain. Keberhasilan dan kegagalan yang dicapai masyarakat dan Forest and Climate Change programme dan faktor pedukung dan penghambat jalannya program ada strategi pendekatan desa untuk membangkitkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga dan memanfaatkan hasil hutan.

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