scholarly journals Evaluation of Forest and Climate Change Empowerment Programs of Long Laai Village, Kecamatan Segah Berau District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Herman Anye ◽  
Novita Suryaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Participation Program ◽  
Permanent Production

ABSTRACT: The community participation program in conserving village forests is carried out by the Forest and Climate Change Program of Long Laai Village. Indonesia's forest is one of the third largest tropical forests in the world and is ranked second in terms of diversity. From an ecological, economic and social perspective, it turns out that the level of forest destruction in Indonesia is still relatively high from year to year due to uncontrolled exploitation activities carried out massively without paying attention to sustainability and sustainability. Kalimantan is one of the lungs of the world whose forest area is 40.8 million hectares. According to data released by the forestry department, the deforestation rate in Kalimantan from 2000 to 2005 reached around 1.23 million hectares. Berau District has an area of 2,194,299,525 hectares consisting of protection forest, limited production forest, permanent production forest, conservation forest and other areas of use. The successes and failures achieved by the community and the Forest and Climate Change program and the supporting and hindering factors for the program's running are a village approach strategy to raise community awareness in maintaining and utilizing forest products. ABSTRAK: Program partisipasi masyarakat dalam melestarikan hutan desa dilaksanakan oleh Forest and Climate Change Programme Desa Long Laai. Hutan Indonesia merupakan salah satu hutan tropis terluas ketiga di dunia dan ditempatkan pada urutan kedua dalam hal tingkat keanekaragaman. Dari sisi ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial ternyata tingkat kerusakkan hutan di Indonesia masih relatif tinggi dari tahun ketahun diakibatkan kegiatan eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali dan dilakukan secara masif tanpa memperhatikan kelestarian serta keberlanjutan.  Kalimantan adalah salah satu paru-paru dunia luas hutannya yaitu, 40,8 juta hektar. Menurut data yang dikeluarkan departemen kehutanan angka deforestasi Kalimantan pada tahun 2000 sampai 2005 mencapai sekitar 1,23 juta hektar. Kabupaten Berau memiliki luas wilayah 2.194.299,525 Ha yang terdiri dari Hutan Lindung, Hutan Produksi Terbatas, Hutan Produksi Tetap, Hutan Konservasi, dan Areal penggunaan Lain. Keberhasilan dan kegagalan yang dicapai masyarakat dan Forest and Climate Change programme dan faktor pedukung dan penghambat jalannya program ada strategi pendekatan desa untuk membangkitkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga dan memanfaatkan hasil hutan.

scholarly journals Basic Services for All in an Urbanizing World: GOLD III

2014 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Claire Frost
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Development Goals

Basic Services for All in an Urbanizing World is the third instalment in United Cities and Local Government’s (UCLG) flagship series of global reports on local democracy and decentralisation (GOLD III). In the context of rapid urbanisation, climate change and economic uncertainty the report is an impressive attempt to analyse local government’s role in the provision of basic services, the challenges they are facing, and make recommendations to improve local government’s ability to ensure access for all. Published in 2014, the report is well positioned to feed into the current debate on what will follow the UN Millennium Development Goals, and examines the role of local government in the provision of basic services across the world regions.

RECONSTRUCTING THE WORLD OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA: DIVIDED BEGINNINGS AND HOLISTIC HISTORY

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Third Dynasty Of Ur ◽  
Environmental Proxy

AbstractSince its inception in the nineteenth century, ancient Mesopotamian studies has recognized a division of labor between archaeologists and philologists/historians that has often skewed histories of the "land between the rivers." Recent efforts, inspired in part by the Sumerologist Thorkild Jacobsen, offer hope for more holistic histories. Three case studies—on the Inanna temple at Nippur under the Third Dynasty of Ur, abrupt climate change in the late third millennium and its social impact as reconstructed from environmental proxy data and textual sources, and the Sumerian Agriculture Group's collaborative research on subsistence—typify efforts to integrate material culture and texts. Dès le début des études sur la Mésopotamie ancienne au 19ème siècle, un fossé s'est creusé entre les archéologues et les philologues/historiens, et les travaux historiques portant sur le "pays entre les fleuves" en ont souvent été influencés. De récents efforts, inspirés en partie par le sumérologue Thorkild Jacobsen, permettent d'espérer une histoire plus compréhensive. Trois études de cas caractérisent les efforts d'intégration des données de la culture matérielle et des documents écrits: le temple d'Inanna à Nippour sous la troisième dynastie d'Ur; le brusque changement de climat survenu vers la fin du troisième millénaire et son impact social reconstruits à partir de textes et de données indirectes dérivées de l'environnement; enfin la recherche en interdisciplinaire du Sumerian Agriculture Group sur les ressources alimentaires.

Harnessing carbon markets for tropical forest conservation: towards a more realistic assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SMITH ◽  
K. MULONGOY ◽  
R. PERSSON ◽  
J. SAYER
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Tropical Forestry ◽  
Change Mitigation

The proposed Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol paves the way for financial and technological transfers to support forestry projects that sequester carbon or protect carbon stocks. From its inception, the concept has been highly controversial. It has been enthusiastically supported by those who believe that conservation of tropical forests will be difficult unless forest owners and managers are compensated for the environmental services of their forests. Others believe that financial transfers supporting ‘carbon farming’ would ignore social concerns and the full range of goods and services of forests. This paper examines the implications of CDM for forest conservation and sustainable use, by drawing on recent literature and the results of a policy dialogue with CDM stakeholders. We conclude that initial estimates of the contribution tropical forestry could make to both climate change mitigation and to forest conservation need to be scaled down. CDM payments for tropical forestry are likely to be received in a far more limited area than initially expected. The cost-effectiveness of forestry projects relative to projects in the energy sector may have been overestimated. In particular few estimates have adequately accounted for the likelihood that the duration of CDM forestry projects is unlikely to be as long as the residency time of carbon in the atmosphere. Also political realities and investor priorities may not have been sufficiently understood. CDM funding for forestry may also decline in future as economically viable clean technologies are increasingly developed in the energy sector. Tropical forests are likely to be an intermediate climate change mitigation strategy for buying time, until more permanent options become available. The most important justification for including forests in CDM may lie in the contribution CDM could potentially make to forest conservation and sustainable use. An analysis of the implications of CDM for forests reveals the importance of involving forest stakeholders more closely in the CDM debate. To prevent perverse outcomes and reduce the risk of ‘leakage’ of emission reduction to areas outside project boundaries, CDM projects may need to be limited to niches which meet certain political and institutional preconditions and where sufficient understanding of local decision-making and the broader context is available. CDM may be more effective if used to remove non-economic impediments to forestry activities that are economically viable and meet local needs. Lessons from the forestry sector in relation to plantations, natural forest management, forest conser- vation and non-timber forest products are discussed to illustrate the dangers of misusing CDM and also to give examples of how CDM could be harnessed for better use of forests. CDM should be seen as one more tool for enhancing the effectiveness of more conventional ways of promoting forest conservation and sustainable use.

scholarly journals VEGETATION RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU AT BASINAL SCALE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 1145-1152
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
Q. Kang ◽  
B. Yin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Variation ◽  
New Framework

Global climate change has significantly affected vegetation variation in the third-polar region of the world – the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As one of the most important indicators of vegetation variation (growth, coverage and tempo-spatial change), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely employed to study the response of vegetation to climate change. However, a long-term series analysis cannot be achieved because a single data source is constrained by time sequence. Therefore, a new framework was presented in this paper to extend the product series of monthly NDVI, taking as an example the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, one of the most important river basins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. NDVI products were acquired from two public sources: Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). After having been extended using the new framework, the new time series of NDVI covers a 384 months period (1982–2013), 84 months longer than previous time series of NDVI product, greatly facilitating NDVI related scientific research. In the new framework, the Gauss Filtering Method was employed to filter out noise in the NDVI product. Next, the standard method was introduced to enhance the comparability of the two data sources, and a pixel-based regression method was used to construct NDVI-extending models with one pixel after another. The extended series of NDVI fit well with original AVHRR-NDVI. With the extended time-series, temporal trends and spatial heterogeneity of NDVI in the study area were studied. Principal influencing factors on NDVI were further determined. The monthly NDVI is highly correlated with air temperature and precipitation in terms of climatic change wherein the spatially averaged NDVI slightly increases in the summer and has increased in temperature and decreased in precipitation in the 32 years period. The spatial heterogeneity of NDVI is in accordance with the seasonal variation of the two climate-change factors. All of these findings can provide valuable scientific support for water-land resources exploration in the third-polar region of the world.

scholarly journals Are Grassland Conservation Programs a Cost-Effective Way to Fight Climate Change? Evidence from France

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Chabé-Ferret ◽  
Anca Voia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conservation Programs ◽  
Grassland Conservation ◽  
The World ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
The Cost

Grasslands, especially when extensively managed and when replacing croplands, store Green-House Gases. As a result, Grassland Conservation Programs, that pay farmers for maintaining grassland cover, might be an effective way to combat climate change, if they succeed in triggering an increase in grassland cover for a reasonable amount of money. In this paper, we use a natural experiment to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the French Grassland Conservation Program, the largest of such programs in the world. We exploit a change in the eligibility requirements for the program that generated a sizable increase in the proportion of participants in the communes most affected by the program. We find that the expansion of the program leads to a small in- crease in grassland area, mainly at the expense of croplands, which implies that the program expansion increased carbon storage. We estimate that the climate benefits from the program are at most equal to 19%±37% of its costs. The program is thus not cost-effective for fighting climate change, especially when compared with forest conservation programs in developing countries whose benefits have been estimated to exceed costs by a factor of two. When taking into account the other benefits brought about by grassland, we find the benefits of the program to be equal to 32%±62% of its costs.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

Overcoming “The Third Way” Concept

2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.

The World Economic Forum Principles on "Climate Governance on Corporate Boards": can soft law help to face climate change around the world?

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Climate change is a financial factor that carries with it risks and opportunities for companies. To support boards of directors of companies belonging to all jurisdictions, the World Economic Forum issued in January 2019 eight Principlescontaining both theoretical and practical provisions on: climate accountability, competence, governance, management, disclosure and dialogue. The paper analyses each Principle to understand scope and managerial consequences for boards and to evaluate whether the legal distinctions, among the various jurisdictions, may undermine the application of the Principles or, by contrast, despite the differences the Principles may be a useful and effective guidance to drive boards' of directors' conduct around the world in handling climate change challenges. Five jurisdictions are taken into consideration for this comparative analysis: Europe (and UK), US, Australia, South Africa and Canada. The conclusion is that the WEF Principles, as soft law, is the best possible instrument to address boards of directors of worldwide companies, harmonise their conduct and effectively help facing such global emergency.

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