Impact of gamma irradiation on tissues of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Portunidae) — electron microscopic study and DNA comet assay

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Arshad Keethadath ◽  
Sudha Kappalli ◽  
N. Gayathri ◽  
Derin M. Thomas ◽  
Gopinathan Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Comet Assay ◽  
Sarcotubular System

Abstract Radiopreservation using gamma radiation is widely in use as a safe method for extending the shelf life of shellfish. This study explored the consequences of different doses of gamma radiation (0.5 kGy, 1.0 kGy and 2.0 kGy) on various tissues of Scylla serrata at cellular and nuclear level, with the aid of electron microscopy and DNA comet assay. The highly radio exposed (2.0 kGy) pyloric muscles showed a reduction in sarcomere length, disordered organization with expanded gap between adjacent myofibrils, ruptured sarcotubular system, mitochondrial swelling with crushed cristae, significant increase in nucleus size coupled with less dense nucleoplasm, etc. Comet assay on tissues such as muscle, hepatopancreas and testis irradiated with 2.0 kGy radiation also revealed a significant degree of nuclear damage by gamma irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. The tail length of the comet showed a tissue-specific tolerance level. The present study clarified the precise dose of irradiation as 1.0 kGy and the results can be relevant for commercial purposes to qualitatively categorize the irradiated crabs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cytogenetic Status of Human Lymphocytes After Exposure to a High Concentration of Bee Venom In Vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verica Garaj-Vrhovac ◽  
Goran Gajski
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Concentration

Evaluation of the Cytogenetic Status of Human Lymphocytes After Exposure to a High Concentration of Bee Venom In VitroSeveral studies have reported radioprotective, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer effects of bee venom both in the cell and the whole organism. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a single high dose of 100 μg mL-1 of whole bee venom in human lymphocytes in vitro over a variety of time spans (from 10 min to 24 h). After the treatment, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to see the effect of bee venom on the cell. The comet assay confirmed that the venom damaged the DNA molecule. Tail length, tail intensity, tail moment showed a significant increase (P<0.05). The percentage of long-tailed nuclei (LTN) with the tail length exceeding the 95th percentile also increased in a time-dependent manner. The micronucleus parameters (number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds) also showed a significant time-dependent increase (P<0.05). This research indicates that high concentrations of bee venom can lead to cellular instability. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of action of bee venom and its components in human cells and to see if this natural product may find application in medicine.

scholarly journals Studi Awal Pengaruh Radiasi Terhadap Pekerja Radiasi Menggunakan Metode Comet Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Amel Oktavia S ◽  
Dian Milvita ◽  
Darlina Darlina
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Dna Comet Assay ◽  
Film Badge

Telah dilakukan studi awal pengaruh radiasi terhadap pekerja radiasi menggunakan metode comet assay. Pengambilan data dosis radiasi dilakukan pada hasil pembacaan laju dosis radiasi terhadap pekerja radiasi menggunakan film badge di Instalasi Radiologi RS Dr. Reksodiwiryo Padang, sedangkan pemeriksaan DNA sel limfosit dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomolekuler PTKMR BATAN. Pemeriksaan DNA sel limfosit dilakukan pada 50 sel sampel darah dari tiga orang pekerja radiasi dan tiga orang normal sebagai sampel kontrol, menggunakan mikroskop fluorescent dan CASP LAP comet assay software. Hasil pembacaan dosis radiasi menunjukkan bahwa laju dosis radiasi yang diterima pekerja radiasi yaitu 1,2 mSv/tahun. Hasil ini masih berada di bawah NBD berdasarkan Perka BAPETEN No 4 Tahun 2013. Pemeriksaan DNA sel limfosit menunjukkan nilai rata-rata tail length (TL) sampel pekerja radiasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel kontrol. Berdasarkan nilai TL tersebut belum bisa diketahui tingkat keparahan suatu kerusakan DNA.Kata kunci : laju dosis radiasi, NBD, kerusakan DNA , comet assay, limfosit, tail length

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genetic Damage in Oreochromis mossambicus Exposed to Selected Nanoparticles by Using Micronucleus and Comet Bioassays

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puthan Variyam Vidya ◽  
Kumari Chidambaran Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to extend knowledge on the adverse effects of nanoparticles by evaluating genotoxicity as environmental risk assessment in Oreochromis mossambicus. Fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of the selected nanoparticles, namely silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs-12mg/L), aluminium oxide (Al2O3NPs-4mg/L), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs-16.4mg/L) and iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs-15mg/L) for short-term (24, 72 and 96 h) and long-term durations (15, 30 and 60 days). Genetic damages such as cytoplasmic, nuclear and DNA damage were measured in the erythrocytes of fish by using standard genotoxicity tests such as micronucleus test and comet assay. The frequencies of micronuclei along with nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities were scored and compared with the control group. The intensity of micronuclei along with other nuclear and cytoplasmic anomalies are found to be increased significantly (p<0.05) in time-dependent manner in all exposure groups when compared to the control group, thereby indicating chromosomal damage as a result of contact with nanoparticles. The tail length and percent of tail DNA within the comet significantly (p<0.05) increased in time-dependant manner after exposure to all nanoparticles, demonstrating an increase in DNA damage. Taken together, by using micronucleus test and comet assay, it is evident that the selected nanoparticles at sublethal concentrations induced genetic damage in Oreochromis mossambicus.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effect of Nefazodone on HepG2 Cell Line and the Reliability of Comet Assay to Determine Genotoxicity.

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Hepg2 Cell ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepg2 Cell Line ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Cells Death ◽  
Significant Increment

Nefazodone is atypical antidepressant which was manufactured by Bristol-Myers Squibb in 1994 to avoid the adverse effects associated with other antidepressants, including nausea, sedation, insomnia, cardiovascular toxi-city, weight gain and dysfunction. In 2004, nefazodone was withdrawn from USA after its withdrawal from Canada and Europe due to the reports of liver injury in patients treated with this drug. The current study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of nefazodone on HepG2 cell line at different concentrations by using MTT assay and comet assay, respectively. The results showed that nefazodone causes a reduction in cells viability of HepG2 cell line with an IC50 4.682 µg/ml. Comet assay showed a significant increment in the three parameters (tail length, percent of DNA in tail and tail moment) in a concentration-dependent manner, when compared with negative control (p˂0.01), but these results considered as false positive due to cells death.

Use of the comet assay to measure DNA damage in cells exposed to photosensitizers and gamma radiation

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Pouget ◽  
J.-L. Ravanat ◽  
T. Douki ◽  
M.-J. Richard ◽  
J. Cadet
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
In Cells

THE EFFECT OF GAMMA STERILIZATION AND ITS EFFECT ON MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF DEEP FROZEN DOG SKULL

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Phuong Thao Tien Nguyen ◽  
Anh Hung Tran ◽  
Van Tam Le ◽  
Huu Thao Phung ◽  
Phan Quynh Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Microscopic Scale

Objective: To evaluate the effect of gamma sterilization and its effect on microscopic structure of deeply frozen dog skull. Subjects and methods: 50 pairs of dog skull fragments have the same size,which were taken symmetrically through the midline of the skull, were divided into two lots. Evident lot consisting of 50 pieces are just deeply frozen, not irradicated. Experimental lot which was composed of 50 pieces were deeply frozen and exposed to 25kGy of gamma radiation. Afterwards, to evaluate the effect of gamma sterilization and compare the alter of bone matrix between lot groups. Results: After gamma irradiation, all dog skull fragments were negative with bacteriological examination. In microscopic scale, no difference was found between the two lots and there was no structural change in the irradiated fragments of all dog skull. Conclusion: Gamma irradiation with 25 kGy: (i) It has the ability to kill bacteria completely in the type of bacteria commonly infected tissue. (ii) It does not alter the structure of dog skull in microstructures. Key words: dog skull, gamma, sterilize

Mass Treatment of Flooded Archival Materials by Gamma Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Montanari ◽  
Sara Pipponzi ◽  
Pietro Livi ◽  
Antonio Prodi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Atp Assay ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Main Components

Abstract This work describes mass recovery processes of flooded archival materials at industrial scale. The presence of fungi on paper represents a threat to the integrity of the document because they degrade cellulose, one of the main components of paper. Gamma radiation treatments are investigated as mass disinfection agents for their high penetrating power, speed of treatment, and absence of risk due to chemical residuals. We compared two different recovery processes: thermal drying followed by gamma irradiation and gamma irradiation followed by thermal drying. Both these processes were conducted simultaneously on naturally contaminated archival items and on paper specimens artificially contaminated with species test. Efficacy was assessed by culture method and ATP assay, right after the treatments and after four years of storage at room temperature. Coupling gamma irradiation with a drying step with dry heat at 55–60 °C reduces the fungal loads on natural items up to levels close to the detection limits, and the reduction is maintained after four years. On artificial specimens, spore germination is completely inhibited, mycelia growth is also highly affected, but the melanised test species appear to be more resistant. A synergistic effect between gamma irradiation, water content, and thermal drying is highlighted in this paper.

scholarly journals Effect of gamma irradiation on fatty acid composition of total lipids in rabbit skin

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
S. Kostyuk ◽  
A. Busenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Rabbit Skin

It is found that gamma radiation leads to a significant decrease in the skin of rabbits content of these fatty acids, as meristinіс, pantadekanovaya, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic, arachidonic, and at the end issledvany, ie 76 Tide day, the concentration of fatty acids increased, and meristinіс palmitoleic and close to the physiological norm.

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