scholarly journals Merleau-Ponty on the Mirror Stage: Affect and the Genesis of the Body Proper in the Sorbonne Lectures

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-163
Author(s):  
Shiloh Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Child Psychology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception

Abstract While Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception relies on the descriptive register of the body proper, his Sorbonne lectures on child psychology investigate the genesis of the experience of a body as one’s own. I demonstrate the uniqueness of Merleau-Ponty’s account of the narcissistic affect and sociality involved in this developmental process, distinguishing his account vis-à-vis Wallon’s and Lacan’s studies of the mirror stage. I conclude that in Merleau-Ponty’s account, (1) the experience of the body proper is not singular, but encompasses a range of phenomenological variation; and (2) the genesis of the body proper is not confined to the mirror stage. The production of bodily boundaries is an ongoing process identified not only with its advent in childhood, but also with adult emotional life. The boundaries between inner and outer domains of perception are not merely discovered, but must be negotiated and cultivated in the intercorporeal affective dramas of adult life.

Differenzierungen im Begriff, Gegenwart‘ bei Husserl und Merleau-Ponty

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Jörg Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Phenomenological Description ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Classical Philosophy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Empty Time

In classical philosophy of time, present time mainly has been considered in its fleetingness: it is transition, in the Platonic meaning of the sudden or in the Aristotelian sense of discreet moment and isolated intensity that escapes possible perception. Through the idea of subjective constitution of time, Husserl’s phenomenology tries to spread the moment. He transcends the idea of linear and empty time in modern philosophy. Phenomenological description of time experience analyses the filled character of the moment that can be detained in the performance of consciousness. As a consequence of the temporality of consciousness, he nevertheless remains in the temporal conception of presence. The phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, however, is able to grasp the spacial meaning of presence. In his perspective of a phenomenology of perception, presence can be understood as a space surrounding the body, as a field of present things given in perception. Merleau-Ponty recovers the ancient sense of ‘praesentia’ as a fundamental concept of being in the world.

scholarly journals Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Brunner ◽  
Koutatsu Maruyama ◽  
Martin Shipley ◽  
Noriko Cable ◽  
Hiroyasu Iso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

Abstract Background/objectives The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain. Subjects/methods We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals. Genetic risk of obesity (gene risk score: GRS) was ascertained, comprising 92 BMI-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and split at a median (=high and low risk). At the baseline, the Eating Inventory was used to assess appetite-related traits of ‘disinhibition’, indicative of opportunistic eating or overeating and ‘hunger’ which is susceptibility to/ability to cope with the sensation of hunger. Roles of the GRS and two appetite-related scores for BMI trajectories were examined using a mixed model adjusted for the cohort effect and sex. Results Disinhibition was associated with higher BMI (β = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.66–3.25 kg/m2), and accounted for 34% of the genetically-linked BMI difference at age 45. Hunger was also associated with higher BMI (β = 1.20; 0.82–1.59 kg/m2) during mid-life and slightly steeper weight gain, but did not attenuate the effect of disinhibition. Conclusions Appetite disinhibition is most likely to be a defining characteristic of genetic susceptibility to obesity. High levels of appetite disinhibition, rather than hunger, may underlie genetic vulnerability to obesogenic environments in two-thirds of the population of European ancestry.

scholarly journals The Temporality of Maximal Grip: On Pragmatists’ Readings of Merleau-Ponty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil Koloskov
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Body ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception

In this article, I will pursue three aims. First, I would like to demonstrate the non-transcendental character of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, namely, his claim that a strict division between a priori and a posteriori is an abstraction that derives from a more primordial unity that is given in our lived experience. I will criticize authors such as H. Dreyfus and T. Carman who treat the body and bodily character of our existence as a classical Kantian a priori that functions as a condition of experience without itself being a part of the experience. The claim I would like to defend in this regard is that reflections on the conditions of our experience must themselves be a part of our experience. The second task is to show how Merleau-Ponty’s analysis of temporality helps him to avoid this strict division between a priori and a posteriori. Based on this, I will elucidate some of the most obscure passages of Phenomenology of Perception. Finally, I will claim that the notion of optimal grip can neither be explained by the reference to our body, as Carman claims, or to brains, organisms and their copings with the environment, as Dreyfus argues. Instead, I will claim that the maximal grip is rather a consolidation or intensification of the temporal ecstasy.

scholarly journals Plastid-Localized EMB2726 Is Involved in Chloroplast Biogenesis and Early Embryo Development in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanling Li ◽  
Jian-Xiu Shang ◽  
Chenlei Qiu ◽  
Baowen Zhang ◽  
Jinxue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Dna Insertion

Embryogenesis is a critical developmental process that establishes the body organization of higher plants. During this process, the biogenesis of chloroplasts from proplastids is essential. A failure in chloroplast development during embryogenesis can cause morphologically abnormal embryos or embryonic lethality. In this study, we isolated a T-DNA insertion mutant of the Arabidopsis gene EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 2726 (EMB2726). Heterozygous emb2726 seedlings produced about 25% albino seeds with embryos that displayed defects at the 32-cell stage and that arrested development at the late globular stage. EMB2726 protein was localized in chloroplasts and was expressed at all stages of development, such as embryogenesis. Moreover, the two translation elongation factor Ts domains within the protein were critical for its function. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cells in emb2726 embryos contained undifferentiated proplastids and that the expression of plastid genome-encoded photosynthesis-related genes was dramatically reduced. Expression studies of DR5:GFP, pDRN:DRN-GFP, and pPIN1:PIN1-GFP reporter lines indicated normal auxin biosynthesis but altered polar auxin transport. The expression of pSHR:SHR-GFP and pSCR:SCR-GFP confirmed that procambium and ground tissue precursors were lacking in emb2726 embryos. The results suggest that EMB2726 plays a critical role during Arabidopsis embryogenesis by affecting chloroplast development, possibly by affecting the translation process in plastids.

The Mechanism of Proboscis Movement in Arenicola

1954 ◽  
Vol s3-95 (30) ◽  
pp. 251-270
Author(s):  
G. P. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Buccal Mass ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

The mechanism of proboscis movement is analysed in detail in Arenicola marina L. and A. ecaudata Johnston, and discussed in relation to the properties of the hydrostatic skeleton. Proboscis activity is based on the following cycle of movements in both species. Stage I. The circular muscles of the body-wall and buccal mass contract; the head narrows and lengthens. Stage IIa. The circular muscles of the mouth and buccal mass relax; the gular membrane (or ‘first diaphragm’ of previous authors) contracts; the mouth opens and the buccal mass emerges. Stage IIb. The longitudinal muscles of the buccal mass and body-wall contract; the head shortens and widens and the pharynx emerges. Stage III. As Stage I. The two species differ anatomically and in their hydrostatic relationships. In ecaudata, the forward movement of body-fluid which extrudes and distends the proboscis is largely due to the contraction of the gular membrane and septal pouches. In marina, the essential mechanism is the relaxation of the oral region which allows the general coelomic pressure to extrude the proboscis. The gular membrane of marina contracts as that of ecaudata does, but its anatomy is different and it appears to be a degenerating structure as far as proboscis extrusion is concerned. Withdrawal of the proboscis may occur while the head is still shortening and widening in Stage IIb, or while it is lengthening and narrowing in Stage III. The proboscis is used both in feeding and in burrowing; in the latter case nothing enters through the mouth; the difference is largely caused by variation in the timing of withdrawal relative to the 3-stage cycle.

Perception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Alloa
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
General Concern

This chapter deals with the ‘first phase’, placed under the general concern with ‘perception’ as the key to embodied existence. It highlights Merleau-Ponty early engagement with the empirical sciences, psychology and biology, retraces the evolution from The Structure of Behavior to the Phenomenology of Perception and focuses on the discovery that the body is not a thing in the world, but a medium to the world. Subchapters: (Dis)avowal of Science, Between the Mechanical and Gestalt, Milieu, From the Milieu to the World, The Problem of Transcendence

Be[ing] You

2015 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Lorna Ann Moore
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mirror Stage ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way ◽  
Video Performance

This chapter discusses the one-to-one interactions between participants in the video performance In[bodi]mental. It presents personal accounts of users' body swapping experiences through real-time Head Mounted Display systems. These inter-corporeal encounters are articulated through the lens of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan and his work on the “Mirror Stage” (1977), phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1968) and his writings on the Chiasm, and anthropologist Rane Willerslev's (2007) research on mimesis. The study of these positions provides new insights into the blurred relationship between the corporeal Self and the digital Other. The way the material body is stretched across these divisions highlights the way digital media is the catalyst in this in[bodied] experience of be[ing] in the world. The purpose of this chapter is to challenge the relationship between the body and video performance to appreciate the impact digital media has on one's perception of a single bounded self and how two selves become an inter-corporeal experience shared through the technology.

EFFECT OF NEONATAL HYPERTHYROIDISM ON PITUITARY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. EAYRS ◽  
R. L. HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Neonatal Hyperthyroidism ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY 1. Infant rats were given doses of l-triiodothyronine (T3) alone and combined with growth hormone during different periods of development. The effects of these treatments on the growth of the body and on the size and structure of the pituitary and thyroid glands have been examined. 2. At the dose levels given, the growth of the body and of the thyroid and pituitary glands was impaired. This impairment persisted in rats treated during the first 24 days of life and in animals in which treatment was confined to the 2–4th days long after injections had been discontinued and well into adult life. It did not persist in rats in which treatment was begun after the 14th day of age. 3. There were no obvious structural changes in the thyroid gland apart from its reduced size. All treatments were followed by pituitary changes characterized by a severe reduction, both in relative and absolute amount, of acidophilic tissue. There was only minor restoration of these changes after discontinuation of the hormone treatment except in rats injected after the 14th day in which recovery was complete. Changes in the amount of mucoid tissue (PAS-positive cells) were variable and generally of doubtful statistical significance. Non-secretory tissue was unaffected. 4. Administration of growth hormone in combination with T3 for the first 24 days of life did not give rise to effects which were noticeably different from those of giving T3 alone over the same period. 5. Possible explanations for these findings and the interrelationship between the pituitary changes and impaired growth are discussed.

Chk1 Haploinsufficiency Results in Anemia and Defective Erythropoiesis

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3457-3457
Author(s):  
Nathan C Boles ◽  
Sirisha Peddibhotla ◽  
Alice Chen ◽  
Jeffrey Rosen ◽  
Margaret A. Goodell
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
T Cell Differentiation ◽  
Refractory Anemia ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Checkpoint Kinase 1 ◽  
Oxygen Transport System

Abstract Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated and well-characterized developmental process responsible for providing the oxygen transport system of the body. However, besides erythropoietin’s role, few of the mechanisms involved in this process have been elucidated. Checkpoint Kinase 1 (Chk1) is best known for its role in the cell cycle and DNA damage pathways. Chk1 expression in the hematopoietic system has been demonstrated to be restricted to T-cells, erythroid cells and the hematopoietic stem cell. Interestingly, a lack of Chk1 has recently been shown to disrupt T-cell differentiation (Zaugg et al. PNAS 2007) Here, we show that haploinsufficiency of Chk1 leads to a 30% increase in the incidence of anemia in mice. Furthermore, the anemic Chk1 +/− mice exhibit distorted spleen and bone marrow architecture, and an increase in erythroid progenitors (MEP, stages I, and II). In young non-anemic Chk1 +/− mice, a decrease in enucleated cells of the erythroid lineage is observed, suggesting a role for Chk1 in proper erythroid enucleation. In addition, a decrease in Chk1 RNA has been observed in patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts (Pellagatti et al. Blood, 2006), further supporting an important role for Chk1 status in clinical anemia. Finally, Chk1 has recently been show to affect the regulation of Fancd2, one of the gene’s responsible for Fanconi anemia. These results indicate Chk1 plays a part in maintaining the balance between erythroid progenitors and the enucleated erythroid cells during differentiation.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Single institution review over 10 years.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15183-e15183
Author(s):  
Aakanksha Asija ◽  
Stacey Milan ◽  
Anthony Prestipino ◽  
Charles Yeo ◽  
Madhavan V. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tnm Staging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage I ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

e15183 Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNET) are rare tumors accounting for less than 5% of pancreatic cancer. They are functionally and biologically heterogeneous and have not been studied in great detail until recently. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 79 consecutive patients with pNET diagnosed and treated at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between the years of 2000 and 2010. Results: Of the 79 patients whose records were reviewed, 32 were male and 47 were female. Median age at diagnosis was 61 years. Two cases were associated with MEN1 syndrome. Primary tumor arose in the head, body and tail of the pancreas in 15, 10 and 26 patients, resp. In 6 patients, the tumor was multifocal. The neuroendocrine tumor was accompanied by pancreatic adenocarcinoma in 1 patient and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in 3. In 10 patients, distant metastasis was detected, involving liver only. Tumor was functional in 9 patients: 5 insulinoma, 2 gastrinoma,1 glucagonoma and 1 VIPoma. As per TNM staging, 28, 22 and 10 patients were Stage I, II and III, and IV at diagnosis. Treatment by surgical resection was undertaken in 54 patients. In 21 patients, the tumor was discovered incidentally; 21 patients presented with abdominal pain. Other symptoms were irregular bowel movements, weight loss and jaundice. 51 of the 79 (64.5%) patients were alive at last follow up. On univariate analysis, median survival for females was 137 months vs 114 months for male. Median survival for patients with functional tumors was similar to those with nonfunctioning tumors (118 and 115 months, resp). Median survival for patients with Stage I, II, and III and Stage IV patients were 234,112 and 40 months resp. Median survival for patients who underwent surgical resection was 130 months vs those who did not (30 months). Conclusions: Majority of pNET were located in the body and tail of pancreas; an area requiring thorough scrutiny with special imaging studies for diagnosis. Only a minority of patients presented with liver metastasis(12%) and a smaller number showed hormonal activity (11%). Prognosis improved markedly in patients who underwent surgical resection. Therefore, whenever appropriate, surgical resection should be the treatment of choice in patients with pNET.

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