scholarly journals Religion in a Democratic and Pluralistic Society (The Experience of Indonesia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 440-454
Author(s):  
Adrianus Sunarko
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Autonomy Of Science

Abstract In order that religions in a multicultural modern democratic society like Indonesia do not become a source of conflict, the adherents of religions must develop a certain rationality of faith. That rationality is related to the attitude towards other religions and beliefs, to the autonomy of science, and to the procedures inherent in the democratic system. Hopefully, religious communities can develop a positive attitude towards those three things, without denying their religious identity. The learning process associated with them cannot be imposed from outside, but must be born of the dynamics within the community of the faith/ religious community itself. If the learning process is successfully pursued, the adherents of the religions can give an important contribution to the development of democracy in Indonesia.

Film and Religion in America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Michael Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
Religious Symbolism ◽  
Film Content ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Film Experience

Religion intersects with film not only in film content, but also in the production and experience of film. From the earliest period, religious attitudes have shaped how religious individuals and communities have approached filmmaking as way to present temptation or salvation to the masses. Individual religious communities have produced their own films or have sought to monitor those that have been mass produced. To avoid conflict, filmmakers voluntarily agreed to self-monitoring, which had the effect of strongly shaping how religious figures and issues were presented. The demise of this system of self-regulation reintroduced conflict over film content as it expanded the ways in which religious figures and issues were presented, but it also shifted attention away from the religious identity of the filmmakers. Built on a foundation of “reading” symbolism in “art” films, and drawing from various forms of myth—the savior, the end of the world, and others—audiences became more comfortable finding in films religious symbolism that was not specifically associated with a specific religious community. Shifts in American religious demographics due to immigration, combined with the advent of the videocassette and the expansion of global capitalism, broadened (and improved) the representation of non-Christian religious themes and issues, and has resulted in the narrative use of non-Christian myths. Experimentation with sound and image has broadened the religious aspect of the film experience and made it possible for the viewing of film to replicate for some a religious experience. Others have broadened the film-viewing experience into a religious system. While traditional film continues to present traditional religions in traditional ways, technology has radically individualized audio-visual production, delivery, and experience, making film, like religion, and increasingly individualized phenomenon.

scholarly journals RELIGION AND THE PROBLEM OF NEW IDENTITIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
AZAMAT ZH. IDRISSOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Role Of Religion

This article studies the role of religion in the formation of new identities. Religion is presented as an alternative to secular nationalism and the revival of new religious identities as a reaction to the crisis of the secular type of nation-building. The first part of the article shows the historical background of the crisis of the theory of secularization and the “religious renaissance”, which was an attempt to return religion to public discourse. Religious identity is considered as a strict construct that is formed by certain actors using various mechanisms. The types of construction of religious identity are considered from three sides using the terms of M. Castells as the problem of “legitimizing identity”, “resistance identity” and identity as a “project”. Analyzing the role of religion in the formation of new identities the author comes to the following conclusions: 1) religion acts as a factor of legitimacy in new religious communities, where religion offers a sacred justification for power; 2) religion acts as a factor of protection of one's own identity under the wave of globalization, which acts as a hostile dominant identity; 3) the religious community acts as a separate “imagined” construct, which in the global dimension erases linguistic and ethnic boundaries, but acts as a dividing factor in local conflicts...

Imagined Religious Communities? Ancient History and the Modern Search for a Hindu Identity

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romila Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Colonial Experience

My choice of subject for this lecture arose from what I think might have been a matter of some interest to Kingsley Martin; as also from my own concern that the interplay between the past and contemporary times requires a continuing dialogue between historians working on these periods. Such a dialogue is perhaps more pertinent to post-colonial societies where the colonial experience changed the framework of the comprehension of the past from what had existed earlier: a disjuncture which is of more than mere historiographical interest. And where political ideologies appropriate this comprehension and seek justification from the pre-colonial past, there, the historian's comment on this process is called for. Among the more visible strands in the political ideology of contemporary India is the growth and acceptance of what are called communal ideologies. ‘Communal’, as many in this audience are aware, in the Indian context has a specific meaning and primarily perceives Indian society as constituted of a number of religious communities. Communalism in the Indian sense therefore is a consciousness which draws on a supposed religious identity and uses this as the basis for an ideology. It then demands political allegiance to a religious community and supports a programme of political action designed to further the interests of that religious community. Such an ideology is of recent origin but uses history to justify the notion that the community (as defined in recent history) and therefore the communal identity have existed since the early past.

scholarly journals Demokrasi Semu: Politik Pencitraan dalam Bingkai Islam dan Implikasi Terhadap Good Governance

POLITEA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mustiqowati Ummul Fithriyyah ◽  
Atika Windi Astuti ◽  
Muhammad Saiful Umam ◽  
Risma Lutfia Wahyu Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Government

<p> </p><p><strong>PSEUDO DEMOCRACY: </strong></p><p><strong>POLITICAL IMAGING WITHIN ISLAMIC FRAMEWORK AND IMPLICATIONS FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE</strong></p><p>Indonesia, as a Muslim-majority country, weaponizes Islam in politics to win over the voices of Muslims in the country. This method is not allowed to be implemented in Indonesia which adheres to a democratic system. Principally, political imaging is carried out in order to influence society by instilling opinions. Regardless of the purpose of imaging, gaining public trust is way more important rather than just having a good image. Public trust is gained through the credibility of the candidates. The said credibility is achieved when the candidates act in a way that is in line with what they said or promised. Candidates can apply political imagery through good governance to gain public trust without having to accentuate the image of the politicization of Islam. This article aims to see how political imaging should be carried out from an Islamic perspective. The method used to study the problems is qualitative. The result of this study shows that the plurality that exists in Indonesia requires special attention from the government to manage the political religions which can create controversy between religious communities. In order to build an essential democracy in Indonesia and avoid the presence of political power of religious identity in the political arena, every candidate must avoid identity involvement in the electoral arena as a way of avoiding the awakening of identity and its sentiment that occurs in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals RELIGIOUS HARMONY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN EKASARI VILLAGE, JEMBRANA DISTRICT: Overview of Sociology of Religious Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Ayu Kristini Putri ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Sudiana ◽  
I Nyoman Yoga Segara
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Education System ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
The People

<p>Religious harmony in Indonesia and Bali was still a severe problem marked by the high potential for social conflicts with religious backgrounds. However, the people of Ekasari Village could maintain religious harmony in their area from generation to generation while at the same time providing space for every religious community to articulate their religious identity without pressure from other people. Religious harmony in Ekasari Village showed a strong relationship between education, social values, and religion. This study was conducted to analyze the education system for religious harmony in Ekasari Village from a sociological review of religious education based on the theory of structural functionalism, constructivism, and social action. The research was carried out by applying qualitative methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. The data were analyzed descriptivelyinterpretatively through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. This study found that the education system for religious harmony in Ekasari Village takes place in the realm of family, school, community, religious institutions, state, and civil society, as well as the mass media. This education system holistically encourages the internalization of knowledge, attitudes, and harmonious behaviour within religious communities.</p>

scholarly journals Orthodox Christian Bulgarians Coping with Natural Disasters in the Pre-Modern Ottoman Balkans

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Raymond Detrez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
World View ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Ottoman Balkans

Premodern Ottoman society consisted of four major religious communities—Muslims, Orthodox Christians, Armenian Christians, and Jews; the Muslim and Christian communities also included various ethnic groups, as did Muslim Arabs and Turks, Orthodox Christian Bulgarians, Greeks, and Serbs who identified, in the first place, with their religious community and considered ethnic identity of secondary importance. Having lived together, albeit segregated within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, for centuries, Bulgarians and Turks to a large extent shared the same world view and moral value system and tended to react in a like manner to various events. The Bulgarian attitudes to natural disasters, on which this contribution focuses, apparently did not differ essentially from that of their Turkish neighbors. Both proceeded from the basic idea of God’s providence lying behind these disasters. In spite of the (overwhelmingly Western) perception of Muslims being passive and fatalistic, the problem whether it was permitted to attempt to escape “God’s wrath” was coped with in a similar way as well. However, in addition to a comparable religious mental make-up, social circumstances and administrative measures determining equally the life conditions of both religious communities seem to provide a more plausible explanation for these similarities than cross-cultural influences.

Communication and Teaching Effectiveness in Industrial Education

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Churchill L. Roberts ◽  
Samuel L. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Delivery Time ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
Student Evaluations Of Teachers ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Poor Teaching

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how communication relates to teaching effectiveness in an Industrial Education setting. Teaching effectiveness was defined in terms of two criteria: supervisor evaluations of teachers and student evaluations of teachers. Results from the study underscored the importance of communication skills in the teaching/learning process. The most important measures were: teacher dynamism, teacher delivery, time spent with the students, positive reinforcement of the students, and positive attitude toward the students. These measures differentiated “good” from “poor” teaching.

scholarly journals Whose Golden Age? Some Thoughts on Jewish-Christian Relations in Medieval Iberia

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ray
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
Medieval Iberia

The medieval period in Spanish history has alternately been cast as a Golden Age of interfaith harmony and an example of the ultimate incompatibility of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities.  In this essay, I suggest that a better way to understand interfaith relations in medieval Iberia is to think about these religious communities in less monolithic terms.   With regard to Jewish-Christian relations in particular, factors such as wealth, social standing, and intellectual interests were as important as religious identity in shaping the complex bonds between Christians and Jews. 

scholarly journals Renewal Paradigm of the Ldii Community in Kediri

Al-Albab ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Hilmi Muhammadiyah
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Organizational Identity ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Social Actors

This article attempts to explore the dynamics of the Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII) or Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Institution community in Kediri of East Java, Indonesia in maintaining its existence, transforming and seeing the processes, patterns, and strategies that developed by the LDII. The article elaborates how social actors of the LDII carry out social practices continuously so that LDII can continue to survive, develop, and reform the doctrine and religious identity paradigm and its organizational identity thus being accepted by people in the region. The role of the actors as the agent in changing the character of the movement is discussed in this work. They have made strategies including building closeness to the authorities, building attitudes of openness, changing the image of the organization, strengthening identity, establishing dialogue and public cooperation with the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI – Majelis Ulama Indonesia) that positioning LDII as a heretical and splinter organization, and establishing cooperation with Religious Community Organizations (Ormas) that are considered mainstream, such as NU (Nahdatul Ulama) and Muhammadiyah. This work attempts to provide materials and considerations in dealing with the issue of raising between the flow of splinters and established groups.

scholarly journals Analysis of real-estate property issues between the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Montenegrin state in the context of adopting the Act on freedom of religion or belief and the legal status of religious communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (88) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Sanja Arežina
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Freedom Of Religion ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
The Status ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
Mutual Relations

The entry into force of the Act on Freedom of Religion or Belief and the Legal Status of Religious Communities (hereinafter: the Freedom of Religion Act) in January 2020 provoked reactions and protests from the Orthodox population of Serbian descent in Montenegro because some provisions of this Act allow for the confiscation of centuries-old real-estate property of the Serbian Orthodox Church dioceses in Montenegro. It should be noted that the Serbian Orthodox Church (SOC) is the only religious community in Montenegro with which the Montenegrin authorities have not concluded a Fundamental Agreement on the Regulation of Mutual Relations. In order to reach a compromise solution, negotiations have begun between the dioceses of the SOC in Montenegro and the Montenegrin authorities. In this article, the author discusses the history of relations between the SOC and the Montenegrin state in the period from the beginnings of Montenegrin statehood in the 15th century to the enactment of the the Freedom of Religion Act in early 2020. In particular, the paper focuses on the regulation of real-estate property issue in that period, the factors that influenced the adoption of this Act, the adoption process, the analysis of provisions related to real-estate property issues, and the recommendations of the Venice Commission. The author uses the structural-functional analysis, induction and deduction methods to prove the basic hypothesis that the Montenegrin authorities will not be able to ignore the legitimate rights of the SOC's dioceses in Montenegro regarding the regulation of real-estate property issues, and that the two sides will find an interest to reach a compromise during the negotiations on the disputed Act and conclude the Fundamental Agreement in order to permanently resolve the status of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro.

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