Official and Unofficial Diplomacy between Rome and Bologna: the de’ Grassi Family under Pope Julius II, 1503-1513

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-557
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mara DeSilva
Keyword(s):  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Loyalty ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
Unofficial Diplomacy

AbstractThis article examines the position of the de’ Grassi brothers, Agamemnon, Achilles, and Paris, as diplomats and negotiators between Rome and Bologna. During Julius II della Rovere’s pontificate, relations between these cities were strained as the pope worked to permanently dislodge the usurping Bentivoglio family from power and to govern Bologna through an expanded patrician council (the Quaranta Consiglieri). As a member of the Quaranta, Agamemnon commandeered his brothers’ skills and resources to improve Bolognese relations with the pope. The other brothers, as members of the papal court, could press Bologna’s cause using their professional knowledge and contacts. As a reward for their support, in 1511 Julius provided Achilles with a cardinal’s hat and shortly thereafter the bishopric of Bologna, which immediately was challenged by the Bentivoglio faction. Although all three brothers privileged their dual loyalty, in the aftermath of the Bentivoglio expulsion in 1512, the pope’s anger with Agamemnon as a Bolognese orator reveals the malleability of civic patriotism and political allegiance.

scholarly journals technical level of small-town shoemaking in Gdańsk Pomerania in the 14th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Blusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Purposeful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the late medieval leather artefacts from Puck, Gniew, Lębork and Chojnice, an attempt was made to assess the level of shoemaking production at that time. Microscopic analyses of leather goods and production waste proved that in the field of tanning the activities related to the mechanical treatment of leather were carefully performed, although with insufficient professional knowledge concerning the process. The results of the identification of the animal origin of the leather confirmed the purposeful selection of raw material with different properties for individual footwear elements and the ability to properly cut it. The quality of the shoemaking products was highly rated in terms of technology and style. However, in the analysed collections a clearly perceptible difference in craftsmanship and assortment of products from Gniew and the other three towns was noticed.

Part III Where to Arbitrate? Distinctive Features of Maritime Arbitral Seats, 9 Maritime Arbitration in London: Publication of Awards, Appeals, and the Development of English Commercial Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaunt Ian
Keyword(s):  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This chapter examines what makes London so popular as a maritime arbitration centre. Chief among the reasons is the availability of a pool of arbitrators with a breadth of professional knowledge and experience, including not just lawyers but commercial men and women. It also discusses the perceived effect of the use of arbitration on the development of English law. On the one hand, the number of appeals going to the courts is such as to ensure that new precedents are produced in order to lend vibrancy to the law. On the other hand, some first instance decisions have shown a tendency on the part of judges to decide cases without sufficient sensitivity to commercial practice, leading to precedents that are hard for arbitrators to apply. The chapter also considers the major challenges faced by the London Maritime Arbitrators Association in maintaining London as the foremost centre for the resolution of shipping disputes.

scholarly journals Van-e védelem a másolás ellen? Gondolatok a plágiumról

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (50) ◽  
pp. 2052-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Schubert ◽  
Wolfgang Glänzel
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Publication Pressure

There are at least two reasons why more and more cases of suspected plagiarism are perceived in the scientific literature. On one hand, the ever strengthening publication pressure makes easier for the authors, reviewers and editors to infringe or overlook this serious ethical misdemeanor; on the other hand, with the development of text analysis software, detecting text similarities became a simple task. The judgement of actual cases, however, requires well-grounded professional knowledge and prudent human decisions. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(50), 2052–2053.

The Alans between a Scholarly Paradigm and Ethnocentrism: the “Memory Wars” and Their Background

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Viktor Shnirelman
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Dual Loyalty ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historic Memory ◽  
The One ◽  
Emotional Issue

A social (historic) memory and an alternative history are discussed with respect to the hot and very emotional issue dealing with the claims of certain North Caucasian peoples for the Alan ancestors. One should make a difference between academic approaches, on the one hand, and pseudo-scholarly, often highly politicized motives of the alternative history authors, on the other hand. Yet, even scholars who have dual loyalty have to make an uneasy choice between the scholarly paradigm and ethnocentric constructions which serve ethno-national interests. The author argues that a scholarly approach demands for, firstly, a nuanced treatment of the name of the “Alans” which had different meanings in the different historic periods, and secondly, a careful analysis of such names which initially could serve social or political goals rather than ethnic ones.

scholarly journals What students who perform in “secondary roles” can learn from scenario training in vocational education

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
David Sjöberg ◽  
Staffan Karp ◽  
Oscar Rantatalo
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Context Learning ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Set Up

Context: Learning through scenario training and live simulation in vocational education is generally regarded as an effective tool for developing professional knowledge. However, previous research has largely overlooked the learning of students in secondary roles in scenario training. The objective of this study is to explore learning for students who act in secondary roles during scenario training in vocational educational settings.  Method: The studied case entails scenario training for police students in a Swedish police education programme. A case study design, which included both participant observation and a questionnaire, was used. The analytic lens applied was inspired by practice theory and focused on how structural and situational arrangements of the training activity affect learning.  Results: Our findings show that students who act in secondary roles learn from their scenario training experiences, but this learning often is overlooked in the design of training activities. Due to the structural arrangements of training activities, learning emerged as students in secondary roles were tasked to support the primary participants in relation to their learning objectives. In addition, it emerged in how students in secondary roles used previous scenario training experiences in relation to the current scenario and its learning objectives. Examples of learning from situational arrangements emerged as students in secondary roles formulated and provided feedback to primary participants and through informal discussions and reflection processes. Learning also emerged as students in secondary roles embodied the “other” during scenario training, something that provided the students with new perspectives on police encounters.  Conclusions: We theorize and extract three dimensions for how learning emerges in this case for secondary participants. It emerges through embodying the “other”, in students’ sensory experiences, and through reconstruction of knowledge through repetition. However, our findings also show that learning for students in secondary roles can be improved through mindful set-up and design. Based on the findings, our article provides a discussion and suggestions on how scenario training can be planned and set-up to develop professional knowledge for students in secondary roles. 

Burley, Walter (c.1275–c.1345)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Dudley Sylla
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
The Other ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Papal Court ◽  
The One

Active in the first half of the fourteenth century, Burley received his arts degree from Oxford before 1301 and his doctorate in theology from Paris before 1324. At one time a fellow of Merton College, he – along with Thomas Bradwardine, Richard Kilvington and others – became a member of the household of Richard de Bury, Bishop of Durham and served several times as envoy of the King of England to the papal court. Despite his extra-university activities, Burley continued to compose Aristotelian commentaries and to engage in disputations to the end of his life. A clear and prolific writer, Burley has been labelled an ‘Averroist’ and a ‘realist’ because of his arguments against Ockham, but it would perhaps be more accurate to see him as a middle-of-the-road Aristotelian whose intellectual activity coincided with the transition between the approaches of Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus on the one hand and those of William of Ockham and the Oxford Calculators on the other.

‘Every expression is watched’: Mind, medical expertise and display in the nineteenth-century English courtroom

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-918
Author(s):  
John Carson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Expertise ◽  
Legal Proceeding ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The One

The growing presence of medical experts in the English courtroom during the early nineteenth century presented new challenges with regard to how those experts would exert their authority in an adversarial setting. This article examines the ways in which mental science practitioners responded when confronted with the need to testify as to the soundness or unsoundness of mind of an individual in the context of a legal proceeding. It argues that they often engaged in ‘a double act of self-fashioning’. On the one hand, they attempted to fashion their personae into representations of truth-telling beings; on the other hand, they sought to present testimony in such a way that the judge or jury could diagnose the individual’s alleged soundness or unsoundness of mind for themselves, and they sought to do this without leaving any trace of their own efforts. The procedures and presumptions of the English courtroom thus created an epistemic space in which physicians (and other scientific experts) were frequently presented with the puzzle of how to translate determinations arrived at on the basis of often recondite professional knowledge and years of experience into manifestations that could be made visible to a lay audience. Moreover, they had to do this in a setting in which every significant claim was likely to be disputed by adversary counsel and rival experts.

Identification of the Learning Styles and “On-the-Job” Learning Methods Implemented by Nurses for Promoting Their Professional Knowledge and Skills

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rassin ◽  
Yaffa Kurzweil ◽  
Yael Maoz
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Learning Style Inventory ◽  
Common Learning ◽  
Self Learning

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the learning styles and methods used by nurses to promote their professional knowledge and skills. 928 nurses from 11 hospitals across Israel completed 2 questionnaires, (1) Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory, Version 3.1. and (2) the On-The-Job Learning Styles Questionnaire for the Nursing Profession. The most common learning style was the convergent style. The other learning styles were rated in the following descending order: accommodation, assimilation, and divergence. The on-the-job learning style consistently ranked highest was experience of relevant situations. On the other hand, seeking knowledge from books, journals, television, or the Internet was ranked lowest on all the indicators examined. With respect to general and on-the-job learning styles, statistically significant differences were found between groups of nurses by: country of birth, gender, department, age, education, and role. Nurses required to take more personal responsibility for their own professional development by deepening their self-learning skills.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

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