scholarly journals technical level of small-town shoemaking in Gdańsk Pomerania in the 14th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Blusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Purposeful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the late medieval leather artefacts from Puck, Gniew, Lębork and Chojnice, an attempt was made to assess the level of shoemaking production at that time. Microscopic analyses of leather goods and production waste proved that in the field of tanning the activities related to the mechanical treatment of leather were carefully performed, although with insufficient professional knowledge concerning the process. The results of the identification of the animal origin of the leather confirmed the purposeful selection of raw material with different properties for individual footwear elements and the ability to properly cut it. The quality of the shoemaking products was highly rated in terms of technology and style. However, in the analysed collections a clearly perceptible difference in craftsmanship and assortment of products from Gniew and the other three towns was noticed.

scholarly journals Influence of Origin of Laying Hens on the Quality of Their Carcasses and Meat After the First Laying Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Puchała ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Jolanta Calik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Dressing Percentage

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the quality of carcasses and meat from selected native breeds and breeding lines of hens after using them for laying eggs in terms of their usefulness as raw material in traditional old polish cuisine. hens included in the programme for the protection of genetic resources were the object of this study. they belonged to the following breeds/breeding lines: greenleg partridge (Z-11), rhode Island red (r-11), new hampshire (n-11) and Barred rock (WJ-44) – 30 hens from each line. the hens were kept in a closed hen house under standard raising conditions. eight hens were selected from 56-week-old hens of each line which were subjected to analysis after being slaughtered. as a result of the research conducted, it was found that:– Among the hens under study, heavier layers, i.e. Barred rock (WJ-44), new hampshire (n-11) and rhode Island red (r-11), which are characterized by good muscling and dressing percentage similar to that of broiler chickens, proved to be most suitable for use as meat.– The meat from WJ-44 hens contained most cholesterol and least protein, and the meat from Z-11 birds had the least fat compared to the other lines.– At the end of the laying period, meat and broth from WJ-44, n-11 and r-11 hens obtained better sensory scores than those from the carcasses of Z-11 hens, which makes them an attractive raw material for traditional polish cuisine.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances ofSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idah Mkwezalamba ◽  
Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali ◽  
Edward Missanjo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Selection Of

Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. is a multipurpose fruit tree which is very useful in providing food security and meeting nutritional and economic needs. This study was conducted to assess eighteen provenances ofSclerocarya birreaplanted in Mangochi, Malawi. The trial was assessed for fruit traits at fifteen years of age. There were significant (P<0.001) variations among the provenances in number of fruits, fruit weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, and diameter. Magunde provenance from Mozambique had the highest mean number of fruits, 2196 ± 200. Mangochi and Moamba provenances from Malawi and Mozambique were the most outstanding in the other parameters measured attaining the mean fruit weight of 20.89 ± 0.25 g and 25.67 ± 0.67 g, pulp weight of 25.70 ± 0.08 g and 21.55 ± 0.83 g, seed weight of 4.81 ± 0.35 g and 4.12 ± 0.18 g, fruit length of 2.61 ± 0.14 cm and 2.33 ± 0.07 cm, and fruit diameter of 2.33 ± 0.15 cm and 1.97 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) correlation between number of fruits and the other fruit traits. However, there were significant (P<0.05) and strong positive relationships between fruit weight and pulp weight (r=0.987) and fruit length and diameter (r=0.775). This suggests that fruit weight can be used indirectly for selection of pulp. Further studies should investigate fruit taste quality of products from the fruits.

A Facile and Reliable Preparing Route of Brown Fused Alumina from Aluminum Dross

2016 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hua Bo Li ◽  
Yong Hua Duan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Full Advantage ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
National Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aluminum Dross

Aluminum dross is the staple solid waste in electrolytic aluminum industry. Taking full advantage of the aluminum dross is of great significance for controlling environmental pollution and saving resource. In this work, brown fused alumina is successfully prepared using aluminum dross as raw material through different pretreatments for aluminum dross. The results show that the brown fused alumina product is comprised of α-Al2O3 (ca.95%), NaCl (ca.1~3%) and CaF2 (ca.1~3%), and contents of the other components are as follows: MgO 0.33%, SiO2 1.12%, Fe2O3 0.41%, CaO 0.58%, TiO2 0.13%, K2O 0.05%, Na2O 0.87% and V2O5 0.92%. This quality of the resulting brown fused alumina can fully meet the national standards of China (GB/T 2478-2008).

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Parameters on the Quality of Pork and Poultry-Pork Kabanosy Produced according to the Traditional Specialties Guaranteed Recipe

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chmiel ◽  
Lech Adamczak ◽  
Katarzyna Wrońska ◽  
Dorota Pietrzak ◽  
Tomasz Florowski
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differentiated air relative humidity during the drying process on selected quality features of TSG (traditional specialties guaranteed) pork and poultry-pork kabanosy. After heat treatment and 24-hour cooling at 4–6°C, the products were placed in three chambers at 15°C with differentiated air relative humidity: 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The drying process was carried out until all variants of kabanosy achieved the required final yield of the product (<68%). Color components, water activity and shear force, water, protein, fat, and salt content, and the TBARS indicator values were determined. The drying process might be shortened (~50%) by a reduction of humidity in the drying chamber from 80 to 60%. The changes in the content of chemical components in pork kabanosy compared to poultry-pork ones demonstrated the different dynamics of the drying of the two types of kabanosy and the need for the selection of optimum drying conditions relative to raw material composition.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PROPAGATING STOCK AND PRACTICES FOR ANNUAL RHUBARB PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1119f-1119
Author(s):  
D.N. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection Of

Yield and quality of seed- and vegetatively-propagated rhubarb [Rheum rhabarbarum L.) for annual production were evaluated for 4 seasons. Field planting of transplants or crown divisions in late October or early November resulted in harvests beginning in early to late January and continuing until late April. Selection of `Victoria' seedlings based on petiole color was not effective in increasing the proportion of red mature petioles. Yields from seed-propagated annual `Victoria' rhubarb were always higher than yields from `McDonald' single-bud crown divisions and higher than yields from `McDonald' crown-divisions in one of two years. The four-year average yield for `Victoria' seed-propagated rhubarb was 20.4 Mg·ha-1 whereas `McDonald' crown-division-propagated rhubarb had a two-year average yield of 15.8 Mg·ha-1. On the other hand, petiole color of vegetatively-propagated rhubarb was always superior to that of seed-propagated rhubarb. GA applications increased early yield from `McDonald' single-bud divisions, but reduced early and total harvest petiole weight.

scholarly journals MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF WOOL FIBERS IN PRAMENKA FOR THE QUALITY CLASSIFICATION OF RAW WOOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadžida MLAĆO ◽  
Amela KATICA ◽  
Velija KATICA ◽  
Almira SOFTIĆ ◽  
Vedad ŠAKIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Selection Of

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, as well as in most Balkan countries, wool is a major environmental problem. After sheep shearing, farmers usually leave the wool at the shear sites, providing poorly degradable organic waste. The purchase price of such untreated wool is as low as its quality. By this research, we have tried to draw attention, from another aspect, to the quality of wool fibers of certain parts of the body, which is ultimately very important in the textile industry and in the selection of wool for further processing. The cuticle is made from cornfied cells, flakes, located on the surface of wool fibers. One of the significant roles of the cuticle is the protective. Namely, the cuticle protects the wool fibers from various external factors, whether mechanical or physic-chemical (such as ammonia evaporation in poorly maintained facilities, etc.), which can damage the fleece and thus make it less quality. We have found some differences in the flakes position and shape in the wool fibers we investigated, depending on part of the body from which they were sampled. However, by microscopic analyses of samples taken from the root of the tail, we have found that the flakes were much smaller and finer in structure than the arrangement and appearance of the cornified flakes from the rump. In this study, we have compared the appearance and arrangement of flakes of cuticle, which is very important in assessing the quality of wool and its further use as a raw material.

scholarly journals Effect of freshness grade of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) on the quality of marinated product stored at 4°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Nalan Gokoglu ◽  
Ilknur Ucak
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen ◽  
Engraulis Encrasicolus ◽  
Basic Nitrogen

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of raw material freshness on the quality of marinated fish. The raw material anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) was divided into two batches. One batch (A) was kept at ambient temperature (20°C) for 6 h and the other one was kept at 0°C for 72 h. Then, they were marinated by soaking into marination solution containing 3% acetic acid and 8% NaCl. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), para-anisidine (p-Av) values in both marinated samples increased significantly during storage at 4°C. Increases in quality parameters were higher in samples produced with raw anchovy kept at 20°C compared to samples kept at 0°C. Although the sensory scores of both samples decreased during storage, higher scores were obtained for samples kept at 0°C compared to samples kept at ambient temperature. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the quality of the raw material significantly (p<0.01) affects the quality of marinated anchovy.Keywords: fish; quality; anchovy; marinade; raw material 

scholarly journals The study of the sociospatial aspect of green building in St.Petersburg: theoretical and practical aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Orlovskaya ◽  
Svetlana Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Paired Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the modern problems of green building. The duality of the greening problem in large cities is noted: on the one hand, this is one of the factors of conflict, on the other hand, the factor of the quality of life, creativity of the city, and its image level. The selection of factors for the analysis was carried out taking into account the research of Russian and foreign scientists and the possibility of obtaining reliable statistics. The study was conducted according to the landscaping of the districts of St. Petersburg. As a result of the study, clustering of St. Petersburg districts was carried out according to greenery indicators, the level of green construction in each of the considered territories of the city was estimated. A paired analysis of indicators made it possible to identify the most problematic areas of the city, to conduct a comparative assessment of the districts according to the level of greenery and their sufficiency to create a comfortable environment

Fruit development of Carina (Shiraz × Sultana) in response to growth regulators applied at calyptra dehiscence

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Cirami ◽  
AP Chapman ◽  
MG McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Selection Of

Growth regulators known to improve yield and quality of Zante and a mechanical treatment utilizing high velocity air and a high pressure water spray to physically dislodge the calyptras were applied at dehiscence in 1979 and 1980 to vines of Carina, a male-sterile hybrid selection of Shiraz x Sultana. The vines were grown in the Barossa Valley, South Australia. The mechanical treatment was ineffective in dislodging the calyptras and there were no significant differences in yield or components of yield between treated and untreated vines in either year. The three growth regulators, CCC 100 ppm + GA 1 ppm, 4-CPA 20 ppm + GA 0.5 ppm, and GA 10 ppm, had marked effects on yield and components of yield, but the response varied between sprays and between years. In 1980 4-CPA + GA produced more berries per bunch, heavier bunches and more fresh fruit per vine than both CCC + GA and GA, while in I98 1, 4-CPA + GA and GA were superior to CCC + GA. There were no differences in concentration of soluble solids, pruning weight or dried berry weight in either year. The processed dried fruit of all treatments was of excellent quality.

Sewability of Sheep Nappa Garment Leather

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Phebe Kavati ◽  
Chandrasekaran Bangaru ◽  
Asit Baran Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Apparel Manufacturing ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
Selection Of

Quality is an important aspect of the apparel manufacturing process. Although the basic quality of apparels mainly depends on the fabric properties, the type of thread used and selection of seams play an important role in determining the final quality of the apparel. Seam strength testing is basically an examination of the amount of pressure required to tear the seam of a garment. It is an essential parameter that determines the performance of a garment. For the perfect fit and look of a garment, seam strength has to be proper. It is therefore worthwhile to select the correct sewing thread size for good seam quality. The present work reports on an experimental investigation about the effect of different threads on the characteristics of leather. The other parameters, which are investigated, include seam strength, puckering and slippage.

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