Peter the Venerable on the Talmud, the Jews, and Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 510-529
Author(s):  
Irven Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Ultimate Source ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Deleterious Influence

AbstractIt is largely for his attack upon the Talmud that Peter the Venerable’s Adversus Iudeorum inveteratam duritiem stands out. Peter is the first medieval Latin author to name the Talmud as such. Having identified the Talmud as a principal source of Jewish error, Peter condemns its influence upon Jews. In their Talmud, Peter the Venerable insists, Jews even declare that God condemns Christians to Hell “because they do not believe in the Talmud.” Peter views the Talmud not only as a source of error for Jews, however, but also for Muslims. Muḥammad wove the Qurʾān in part, Peter insists, out of the filthy cloth of the Jews’ Talmud. Since he claims that Satan is the ultimate source for Talmudic “lies,” he attributes both the Talmud and the Qurʾān to diabolical agency. This paper examines Peter’s view of the Talmud, then, and its deleterious influence upon both Jews and Muslims.

A high-performance oil-free backing pump for electron microscopes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
G.K.W. Balkau ◽  
E. Bez ◽  
J.L. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Rotary Pumps ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The earliest account of the contamination of electron microscope specimens by the deposition of carbonaceous material during electron irradiation was published in 1947 by Watson who was then working in Canada. It was soon established that this carbonaceous material is formed from organic vapours, and it is now recognized that the principal source is the oil-sealed rotary pumps which provide the backing vacuum. It has been shown that the organic vapours consist of low molecular weight fragments of oil molecules which have been degraded at hot spots produced by friction between the vanes and the surfaces on which they slide. As satisfactory oil-free pumps are unavailable, it is standard electron microscope practice to reduce the partial pressure of organic vapours in the microscope in the vicinity of the specimen by using liquid-nitrogen cooled anti-contamination devices. Traps of this type are sufficient to reduce the contamination rate to about 0.1 Å per min, which is tolerable for many investigations.

More's usage of Latin verbal predicates: the particular case of fio

Moreana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Number 211) (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Concepción Cabrillana
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Poetic Text

This article addresses Thomas More's use of an especially complex Latin predicate, fio, as a means of examining the degree of classicism in this aspect of his writing. To this end, the main lexical-semantic and syntactic features of the verb in Classical Latin are presented, and a comparative review is made of More's use of the predicate—and also its use in texts contemporaneous to More, as well as in Late and Medieval Latin—in both prose and poetry. The analysis shows that he works within a general framework of classicism, although he introduces some of his own idiosyncrasies, these essentially relating to the meaning of the verb that he employs in a preferential way and to the variety of verbal forms that occur in his poetic text.

Murder'd Men: ‘Isabella’ and Goethe's Werther

Romanticism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Tom Baynes
Keyword(s):  
English Translation ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Principal Source

The numerous resemblances between ‘Isabella’ (1818) and the first English translation of Werther (1779) can be most plausibly attributed to direct influence. Goethe's novel was extremely popular throughout the Romantic period, and was admired by several of Keats's associates. He himself referred to it in 1819, and it may also have influenced two poems that he wrote around the same time as ‘Isabella’. That piece includes a number of details that have no precedent in its principal source (the Fifth Novel of the Fourth Day of The Decameron), but which can be traced, instead, to Werther. For Keats, the proleptic references to death in the latter stages of Goethe's novel may have held an especial appeal, as they could easily have resonated with his own personal experience. On a more speculative note, it is worth asking whether Werther was in his thoughts once again in 1820–21, as his own death drew ever closer.

« Si res ad synodum traheretur » (I, 416) Les procès imaginaires dans le livre I de l'Ysengrimus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Jean FranÇois Poisson-Gueffier
Keyword(s):  
Classical Rhetoric ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Rhetorical Structures ◽  
Judicial Oratory

The first book of medieval Latin beast epic, Ysengrimus, relates imaginary trials. In the episodes of the stolen ham and the fishing, the characters, Ysengrin and Renart, imagine that they would convene an ecclesiastic assembly, a synod, and that they would plead their case. Their plead reverses right and wrong (translatio criminis), invents speeches to denigrate each other (sermocinatio), and seems to take the form of large digressions. These speeches, which have been considered as “interminable” and “wordy” by J. Mann and É. Charbonnier, can be reassessed through classical rhetoric. This paper aims to demonstrate that, in spite of the extent of these speeches' apparent rambling, we can extricate some rhetorical structures (constitutiones) from the judicial oratory. This is the first point of a speech that also uses prolixity as an “art of being right.”

Infant mortality in England, 1538–2000: the parish register period, 1538–1837

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-204
Author(s):  
Chris Galley
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Parish Registers

This paper, the second of four, examines patterns and trends in infant mortality during the period 1538–1837 when the principal source available to examine these issues is parish registers. It explains how to calculate infant mortality rates from parish registers, identifies trends and discusses possible explanations for the patterns of change identified. The paper also shows how new estimates of infant mortality can be readily undertaken and ends with suggestions for future research.

Meteorological Measurement Systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred V. Brock ◽  
Scott J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Meteorological Measurement ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Static Sensitivity ◽  
And Function ◽  
Logical Functions ◽  
Source Of Error

This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor's transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.

Innovation in Byzantine Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Bouras-Vallianatos
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
First Time

Byzantine medicine is still a little-known and misrepresented field not only in the wider arena of debates on medieval medicine but also among Byzantinists. Byzantine medical literature is often viewed as ‘stagnant’ and mainly preserving ancient ideas; and our knowledge of it continues to be based to a great extent on the comments of earlier authorities, which are often repeated uncritically. This book presents the first comprehensive examination of the medical corpus of, arguably, the most important late Byzantine physician John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275–c.1330). The main thesis is that John’s medical works show an astonishing degree of openness to knowledge from outside Byzantium combined with a significant degree of originality, in particular, in the fields of uroscopy, pharmacology, and human physiology. The analysis of John’s edited (On Urines and On Psychic Pneuma) and unedited (Medical Epitome) works is supported for the first time by the consultation of a large number of manuscripts. The study is also informed by evidence from a wide range of medical sources, including previously unpublished ones, and texts from other genres, such as epistolography and merchants’ accounts. The contextualization of John’s works sheds new light on the development of Byzantine medical thought and practice, and enhances our understanding of the late Byzantine social and intellectual landscape. Finally, John’s medical observations are also examined in the light of examples from the medieval Latin and Islamic worlds, placing his medical theories in the wider Mediterranean milieu and highlighting the cultural exchange between Byzantium and its neighbours.

Theological Texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 905-923
Author(s):  
Lesley Smith
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Academic Study

This chapter surveys manuscripts of medieval Latin theology from the late eleventh century to the late thirteenth, and discusses the shift from monastic study of theology to its more academic study by scholars and mendicant friars. The changed needs of the new readers led to significant alterations in the layout, size, shape, and contents of theological manuscripts, most of the changes reflecting the need for quick reference rather than meditation.

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