Levirate Marriage in Beta Israel

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-202
Author(s):  
Yosi Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Beta Israel ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract The halakhah observed by the Beta Israel community is decisive and extremely detailed. This halakhic system, which was preserved and transmitted from one generation to the next as an oral tradition, can shed light on previously hidden aspects of the early halakhah. This article the examines Beta Israel practice regarding the levirate marriage (yibum), including its rationale and sources. Beta Israel refrained from performing levirate marriage. This abstention is surprising, since Beta Israel possessed the written Torah, and the Beta Israel halakhah generally follows the simple meaning of Scripture. Why, then, did this community not observe levirate marriage as set forth in the Torah? The article provides a detailed explanation of the reasons and seeks intimations in Jewish literature throughout the generations of the Beta Israel practice.

Jewish and Roman Law: A Study in Interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-393
Author(s):  
Haym Soloveitchik
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Information ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter discusses the laws regulating usury (ribbit). In the course of studying ribbit, more specifically, the problem of personal surety in usury contracts, certain peculiar developments in Provençal halakhic thought came to the author's attention which were not explainable by indigenous forces. The geographical distribution of the discussion seemed oddly disproportionate, the fictions too blatant, the types of problem that were raised seemed inappropriate for the period, and the terminology was occasionally alien. The author was compelled to look outside Jewish law for possible stimuli. Placing the Jewish developments within the context of twelfth-century Provençal law shed light on a number of seemingly inexplicable points. The Jewish literature, on the other hand, provided new information about the Gentile law of the time and yielded fresh corroboration for theories of the penetration of Roman law in Provence. However, at the same time this material seemed to point to an earlier date for certain legal developments than is generally accepted. It is these findings that the author wishes to bring to the attention of the scholars of Provençal law.

Ventriloquism and translation: The translator’s voice in Caribbean literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ekberg
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Anglophone Caribbean ◽  
Shed Light

This article explores the concepts of voice and ventriloquism in translation through examining Finnish translations of Anglophone Caribbean novels. Four novels and their Finnish translations are discussed with focus on the translation of proverbs and references to Caribbean oral tradition. The translator’s own voice and the voices of other agents participating in the translation process become manifest both in the translation itself and in contextual materials related to the translation. The literary translator can be seen to act as the mouthpiece for a multitude of agents in addition to the author of the original work. The concept of ventriloquism can help shed light on the complex ways in which different voices can interact within the translation process and the ways in which translators must make choices on which voices to give precedence in the translated text.

scholarly journals “The Birds of Clay”: An Apocryphal Motif in Folklore Legends

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Local History ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Apocryphal Gospels ◽  
Folk Tradition

The article describes the adaptation of the apocryphal Gospels motif—the revival of clay birds by Jesus—in the folk traditions of Eastern and Western Slavs. The texts of folk legends demonstrate not only the active inclusion of apocryphal motifs in oral narratives, but they also incorporate the motifs’ biblical contexts and they emphasize themes that are close to everyday life and that reflect local history. The folklore texts analyzed here are from different regions of the Slavic world (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Poland); they allow us to conclude that the oral tradition has retained, with great stability, these fragments from medieval sources up to the present day. Moreover, it is interesting to note the different interpretations of the same motif in monuments of Christian and Jewish literature (apocryphal Gospels and the pamphlet Toledot Yeshu). The fairly large group of folk legends with apocryphal motifs, occurring in different Slavic traditions from the 19th to the 21st centuries, thus testifies not only to the continued relevance of the biblical plots for oral culture, but also to the importance of the Apocrypha for the broadcasting and preservation of biblical stories in the folk tradition.

The Non-Masoretic Hebrew Vorlage of the Old Greek Ezekiel (LXX967/LXXB), Other Non-Masoretic and Proto-Masoretic Ezekiel Texts: Evidence from Quotations of and Allusions to Ezekiel in Second Temple Judaism

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Karin Finsterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Judaism ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Textual History ◽  
Damascus Document ◽  
History Of ◽  
Old Greek ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract In Second Temple Jewish Literature, more than a hundred quotations of and allusions to Ezekiel are preserved. Although only a few of them are text-critically relevant, these cases may help to shed light on the complex textual history of the book. In this article, eleven cases of quotations and allusions are analyzed in detail: Six cases should be regarded as evidence for the existence of the non-masoretic Hebrew Vorlage of the Old Greek Ezekiel. In two of these cases, non-aligned textual elements appear as well. Taken together with two non-aligned cases in the Damascus Document, these quotations and allusions substantiate the assumption that even more non-masoretic Ezekiel texts were in use until the beginning of the first century BCE—alongside proto-masoretic Ezekiel texts, which are attested by three cases of quotations and allusions.

scholarly journals Writing Orisha Music: Text, Tradition, and Creativity in Afro-Cuban Liturgy

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
David Font-Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Authenticity ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
Shed Light

This essay examines the flow of music associated with orisha—anthropomorphic deities—across networks defined variously by art, scholarship, folklore, and religion, all of which overlap and nourish each other. Transmitted via oral tradition, written texts, and multimedia technologies, a handful of orisha-themed songs are analyzed as case studies in the subtle nexus of liturgy and cultural authenticity. Taken together, the songs shed light on a broader phenomenon in which creatively-minded, ostensibly-secular iterations of culture play a significant role in the dissemination and ongoing codification of ritual orthodoxy. Orisha music traditions are analyzed as a fertile ground for a multitude of devotional and/or artistic expressions, many of which have a particularly ambiguous relationship to the concept of religion. In this context, the fluid movements of orisha music between ostensibly sacred and secular contexts can be usefully understood as not only common, but as a conspicuous and characteristic aspect of the tradition. The essay’s structure and rhetorical strategies offer distinct layers of cultural and historical commentary, reflecting a multi-vocal tradition of exchanges among orisha music scholars, artists, and ritual experts. The essay’s historical analysis of orisha music further suggests that a host of subtle, seldom-discussed phenomena—multilingualism, liturgical ambiguity, and transmission via multimedia technologies—are not necessarily aberrant or irregular, but rather vital themes which have resonated clearly across the Afro-Atlantic for at least a century. By obligating us to attend to both musical meaning and cultural context, the essay’s case studies of orisha music shed light on the mingling and synthesis of elements from varied historical sources, languages, and cultural idioms, each of which represent distinct notions of tradition, creativity, religiosity, and secularism.

scholarly journals Methodology of social science research, the case of the sociology of action in relation to values

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Lahmami
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Shed Light

La investigación en las ciencias sociales sigue creciendo en el mundo académico, especialmente por parte de los estudiantes de Master y Doctorado a quienes se les pide redactar monografías y tesis que deban cumplir con los requisitos metodológicos. El propósito de este artículo es arrojar luz sobre la metodología de investigación en ciencias sociales, poner de relieve la investigación en sociología de la acción desde un enfoque psicosociológico y resaltar los obstáculos que dificultan su uso, especialmente cuando Se trata de valores. Por ello, se propone una explicación detallada de las etapas de investigación en las ciencias sociales, así como las dificultades relacionadas con la naturaleza del campo disciplinario sociológico para definir la posición objetiva que debe adoptar el investigador. Por lo tanto, se requiere distanciarse de los temas de estudio, especialmente cuando se trata de valores. Social science research continues to grow in the academic world, especially for master's students and doctoral students who are called upon to produce dissertations and theses that meet the methodological requirement. The purpose of this article is to shed light on social science research methodology and on research in the sociology of action as a psychosociological approach and the obstacles that hinder its use, especially when it is about values. To this end, a detailed explanation of the stages of research in the social sciences as well as the difficulties related to the nature of the sociological disciplinary field are put forward, in order to define the objective posture that the researcher must adopt. Distancing from the subjects of study is therefore required especially when it comes to values.  

scholarly journals Translation and Polemics in the Anti-Jewish Literature of the Muslims of Christian Iberia: The “Conversion of Kaʿb al-Aḥbār” or the “Lines of the Torah”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 443-476
Author(s):  
Mònica Colominas Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Conversion Narrative ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Muslim anti-Christian and anti-Jewish polemics from Christian Iberia often include references and quotations from the Qurʾān, the Torah, and the Gospels. Even when they are composed in Romance, the script used in their writing is often Arabic. This article discusses the conversion narrative of “the lines of the Torah,” in which translation is halfway between the faithful rendering of the original and its interpretation by its Muslim scribe. I show in this paper that the ability to convey, or so to speak, to “unveil,” new meanings makes translation a powerful means to convert the opponent and to strengthen the faith in Islam. The analysis aims to shed light on the intellectual and social milieus of “the lines of the Torah,” and deals with translation in other anti-Jewish Muslim writings from the Christian territories: the “Jewish Confession,” or Ashamnu; the chronology in Seder Olam; and the lengthy Muslim anti-Jewish polemic of Taʾyīd al-milla (The Fortification of the Faith or Community).

Echoes of Universalist Testament Literature in Christian and Rabbinic Texts

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Malka Z. Simkovich
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Theological Differences ◽  
Testament Of Abraham

The ancient text known as the Testament of Abraham is preserved in Coptic in the same codex as two other works, the Testament of Isaac and the Testament of Jacob. These testaments were probably written in the late first or early second centuries CE by Jewish writers, although the manuscript of the Coptic codex containing them is dated to 962. These books were considered part of the “testament” literary genre, which featured a biblical hero imparting his last words of religious wisdom to his family gathered at his bedside. Scholars agree that the stylistic and theological differences among these three testaments indicate that they were not written by the same author. Yet a close reading reveals that the Testament of Isaac is dependent on the Testament of Abraham, and that the Testament of Jacob is dependent on the two earlier texts. Moreover, the Testament of Abraham and the Testament of Isaac share similarities that distinguish them from the Testament of Jacob: unlike the Testament of Jacob, the Testament of Abraham and the Testament of Isaac reflect a universalist worldview that depicts a God concerned for all humankind, not only for his chosen people. This God reigns over all people, and themes specific to the Christian and Jewish faiths are virtually absent. Later Christian and Jewish literature concerning the theme of divine judgment exhibits elements that may reflect an awareness of a written or oral tradition that appears in the Testament of Abraham and the Testament of Isaac. The images of judgment and punishment, especially those in the Testament of Abraham, appear in the second-century Apocalypse of Peter and the fourth-century Vision of Paul, which is also known as the Apocalypse of Paul. Likewise, midrashic traditions regarding Abraham and Moses are reminiscent of traditions found in these testaments, particularly the Testament of Abraham. The possibility that early Christian apocalyptic texts were aware of these testaments is grounded in the fact that scholars give these texts a common place of origin, Egypt. The provenance of the midrashic texts is more difficult to identify, but because they share literary elements and theological concerns with the Testament of Abraham and the Testament of Isaac, I suggest that the authors of these midrashic traditions had access to written or oral traditions prominent in these testaments. This paper will examine early Christian apocalyptic and early Jewish midrashic texts that modify some of the traditions prominent in these testaments in order to accommodate their nonuniversalist rabbinic or early Christian worldviews.

SINGING UPON THE BOOK ACCORDING TO VICENTE LUSITANO

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 55-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Canguilhem ◽  
Alexander Stalarow
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Contemporary Theory ◽  
Renaissance Art ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Towards the middle of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese composer and theorist Vicente Lusitano wrote a manuscript treatise on improvised counterpoint which constitutes the most thorough and detailed explanation that has survived on the subject. This manuscript has long been overlooked by music historians, despite being easily accessible at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (Paris). The manuscript is described and its history traced. Lusitano's rules, techniques and stylistic advice are investigated and compared with contemporary theory. The extraordinary complexity of the contrapuntal lines singers were expected to invent extempore calls for a reappraisal of the relationship between improvisation and composition, also discussed by Lusitano. Historical evidence is adduced to provide a context for this document; far from being disconnected from the real life of sixteenth-century music, Lusitano's manuscript counterpoint treatise provides a key to understanding the oral tradition of Renaissance art music.

scholarly journals From HRM to E-HRM: Contemporary Developments from Scholarly Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Ahmed ◽  
Habil Slade Ogalo
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Hrm Practices ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Shed Light

The present article aims to shed light on the concept of Human Resource management. Therein, the authors have attempted to underline some of the important developments in the arena of HRM and where it leads the understanding to. The article elaborates on the growing shift from HRM to E-HRM and why it is becoming inevitable for businesses to understand and accept it. The discussion also highlights detailed explanation of the features and prospects of E-HRM and its uniqueness in comparison with traditional HRM practices. In parallel, the article also expounds on HRM as a strategic concept whilst unleashing on elements relating to technological primacy. The article aims to serve as a guideline for individuals enthusiastic to conduct scholarly work in the area of E-HRM and its strategic importance in the years to come.

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