Quid facit cum psalterio Horatius? (Hier. ep. 22,29,7)

Abstract Using the example of Epistula 3 Jerome’s citation technique is analyzed in detail. For this purpose, a comprehensive classification grid of intertextual references is introduced for the first time, which allows a systematization of the narrative examination of citations and allusions. Thus, not only differences in the use of Bible verses and quotations of classics can be highlighted transparently but also a (radical) syntactic, structural, and semantic incorporation of biblical and classic pre-texts by Jerome’s text can be substantiated. In stark contrast to former, rather negative verdicts on Jerome’s “cento style” and semantic incoherences in his writing, this approach is capable of showing a high functionality and authority in Jerome’s strategy of referencing, which shapes the narrative of the friendship letter not only aesthetically but also significantly helps to constitute its semantics.

Northern bald ibises follow others’ gaze into distant space but not behind barriers

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2009.0510 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Matthias-Claudio Loretto ◽

Christian Schloegl ◽

Thomas Bugnyar

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Great Apes ◽

Gaze Following ◽

Visual Orientation ◽

Cognitive Differences ◽

Geronticus Eremita ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

Gaze following is the ability to use the visual orientation of others as a trigger to look in the same direction. Thereby, animals may either align their head and eye orientation with others (gaze following into distant space) or may even reposition themselves to look behind barriers impairing their perception (geometrical gaze following). It has been proposed that these two different modes are functionally and cognitively distinct, but experimental evidence for this claim is lacking. We here, to our knowledge, demonstrate for the first time, that adult animals may be capable of following gaze into distant space, but not geometrically around barriers. We tested Northern bald ibises ( Geronticus eremita ) for their ability to follow a conspecific's gaze in two standard tasks. The birds readily looked up after seeing a model bird looking up; however, when seeing a model looking behind a barrier, they responded by looking at the barrier instead of walking around. These findings are in stark contrast to results obtained with great apes and corvids and provide the first experimental evidence, to our knowledge, for cognitive differences in gaze following tasks.

The Fall of Bactria, the Rise of Parthia

Reign of Arrows ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190888329.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 131-188

Author(s):

Nikolaus Leo Overtoom

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Second Century ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

The West ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

Internal Pressures ◽

First Time ◽

Power And Authority

This chapter considers the decline of Greek rule in Bactria under the mounting weight of external and internal pressures. Antiochus III successfully subdued Bactria as another subordinate allied kingdom; however, the devastation of nomadic incursions and growing Parthian aggression further undermined the power and authority of the Bactrian kings. The decline of Bactria was in stark contrast to the recovery and consolidation of Parthian power in the first half of the second century. By the latter half of the century, these factors and the sudden decline of Seleucid power to the west once again facilitated the rapid expansion of the Parthian state under a new ambitious ruler, Mithridates I. The efforts of the Seleucid king, Demetrius II, in the early 130s to quell the rising threat of the Parthians failed spectacularly, and for the first time the Parthian realm extended into Mesopotamia. The Parthians established an empire and emerged as the only major rival to Seleucid power in the Hellenistic Middle East.

diagnosed as being ill due to his belief in the devil. However, he opposed faith in materialism which could become the source of other forms of mental illness.P In Macario's text, Weyer appeared for the first time as the predecessor of the psychiatric practice." His polemic tone is in stark contrast to the cursory tone adopted by Esquirol and Brierre de Boismont only a few years earlier. At the same time, French psychiatry was focusing its research on the theme of hallucination. Prior to this, the theme had barely been investigated because the debate around Esquirol's monomania drew the interest of the larger public . Parchappe wrote a long commentary on Malleus maleficarumr: Brierre de Boismont devoted an extensive work to the history of visions, ecstasies and other religious phenomena, in which he attempted to interpret the facts in a non-judgemental way. Also during that period, Calmeil authored a book on the same topic which employed a more aggressive tone and which was to become more popular: On Lunacy from thePoint ofView ofPathology, of of ofIgnorance

Witchcraft in the Modern World ◽

10.4324/9780203055755-23 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 163-163

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Practice ◽

History Of ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

First Time ◽

The Devil

British-German Relations and Collective Memory

German Politics & Society ◽

10.3167/gps.2007.250303 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 42-69

Author(s):

Ruth Wittlinger

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Collective Memory ◽

World War ◽

Collective Memories ◽

International Environment ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

First Time ◽

New Millennium

British-German relations have undergone a considerable transformation since 1945 with both countries having to adapt to significant changes in their own status, as well as a very different international environment. Germany's status as a morally and militarily defeated and occupied power in 1945 is in stark contrast to the confident role it is playing at the beginning of the new millennium when—sixty years after the end of World War II—the German chancellor for the first time took part in the VE-Day celebrations of the victors. This article analyzes recent dynamics of collective memory in both countries and examine if and to what extent their collective memories play a role in British-German relations.

Comprehensive classification of ABC ATPases and their functional radiation in nucleoprotein dynamics and biological conflict systems

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkaa726 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (18) ◽

pp. 10045-10075 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arunkumar Krishnan ◽

A Maxwell Burroughs ◽

Lakshminarayan M Iyer ◽

L Aravind

Keyword(s):

Atp Hydrolysis ◽

Last Universal Common Ancestor ◽

Universal Common Ancestor ◽

Range Of Functions ◽

Dna Threading ◽

Arginine Finger ◽

First Time ◽

Binding Interfaces

Abstract ABC ATPases form one of the largest clades of P-loop NTPase fold enzymes that catalyze ATP-hydrolysis and utilize its free energy for a staggering range of functions from transport to nucleoprotein dynamics. Using sensitive sequence and structure analysis with comparative genomics, for the first time we provide a comprehensive classification of the ABC ATPase superfamily. ABC ATPases developed structural hallmarks that unambiguously distinguish them from other P-loop NTPases such as an alternative to arginine-finger-based catalysis. At least five and up to eight distinct clades of ABC ATPases are reconstructed as being present in the last universal common ancestor. They underwent distinct phases of structural innovation with the emergence of inserts constituting conserved binding interfaces for proteins or nucleic acids and the adoption of a unique dimeric toroidal configuration for DNA-threading. Specifically, several clades have also extensively radiated in counter-invader conflict systems where they serve as nodal nucleotide-dependent sensory and energetic components regulating a diversity of effectors (including some previously unrecognized) acting independently or together with restriction-modification systems. We present a unified mechanism for ABC ATPase function across disparate systems like RNA editing, translation, metabolism, DNA repair, and biological conflicts, and some unexpected recruitments, such as MutS ATPases in secondary metabolism.

Our Definition of Propeller Flaps and Their Classification

Seminars in Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (03) ◽

pp. 139-144

Author(s):

Marco Pignatti ◽

Rei Ogawa ◽

Musa Mateev ◽

Alexandru V. Georgescu ◽

Govindasamy Balakrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perforator Flap ◽

Axial Rotation ◽

Island Flap ◽

Recipient Site ◽

Propeller Flap ◽

Skin Island ◽

Definition Of ◽

New Applications ◽

AbstractThe term propeller flap was introduced for the first time by Hyakusoku to define an island flap, based on a subcutaneous pedicle hub, that was rotated 90 degrees to correct scar contractures due to burns. With the popularization of perforator flaps, the propeller movement was applied for the first time to a skin island vascularized only by an isolated perforator, and the terms propeller and perforator flap were used together. Thereafter, the surgical technique of propeller flaps evolved and new applications developed. With the “Tokyo consensus,” we proposed a definition and a classification schema for propeller flaps. A propeller flap was defined as an “island flap that reaches the recipient site through an axial rotation.” The classification included the SPP (SPP) flap, the perforator pedicled propeller (PPP) flap, and the supercharged PPP (SCP) flap. A recent update added a new category, the axial pedicled propeller (APP) flap. Here we propose our updated and comprehensive classification of propeller flaps, taking into account the previous classification and subsequent publications. Based on their vascular pedicle, we consider the following five types of propellers: (1) SPP flap, 2.PPP flap, its subtype (2a) SCP flap, (3) APP flap, (4) muscle propeller flap, and (5) chimeric propeller flap. The variables that can be taken into account in the classification are as follows: type of nourishing pedicle, degrees of skin island rotation, position of the nourishing pedicle, artery of origin of the pedicle, and flap shape.

Highly contrastive, real-time modulation of light intensity by reversible stress-whitening of spontaneously formed nanocomposites: Application to wearable strain sensors

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/d1tc00256b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seung Koo Park ◽

Sungryul Yun ◽

Geonwoo Hwang ◽

Meejeong Choi ◽

Dong Wook Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Real Time ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Time Modulation ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

Stress Whitening ◽

Stress-whitening is generally regarded as a sign of irreversible elasticity failure of polymer materials. Here, we report for the first time that in stark contrast to the conventional insight, the...

Improving Reliability and Reducing Risk by Separation

International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management ◽

10.4018/ijrcm.2017100102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 16-39

Author(s):

Michael Todorov Todinov

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Reduction Technique ◽

Random Events ◽

Technical Risk ◽

Relative Separation ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

The paper introduces the method of separation for improving reliability and reducing technical risk and provides insight into the various mechanisms through which the method of separation attains this goal. A comprehensive classification of techniques for improving reliability and reducing risk, based on the method of separation has been proposed for the first time. The concept ‘stochastic separation' of random events and methods for providing stochastic separation have been introduced. It is shown that separation of properties is an efficient technique for compensating the drawbacks associated with a selection based on homogeneous properties. It is also demonstrated that the logical separation can be an efficient and low-cost risk reduction technique. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the traditional reliability measure ‘safety margin' is misleading and should not be used as a measure of the relative separation between load and strength.

Open-air museums of folk architecture: overview of creation and development in Russia

Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] ◽

10.37816/2073-9567-2021-61-38-63 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 38-63

Author(s):

Maria Y. Gaiduk ◽

Alexander I. Klimenko ◽

Alexander B. Khramtsov

Keyword(s):

Urban Planning ◽

Landscape Architecture ◽

Point Of View ◽

The World ◽

Ethnographic Museums ◽

The Status ◽

The Creation ◽

The paper provides an overview of the domestic experience of creating ethnographic museums in the open air. It traces stages and chronological periodization of the foundation of such museums in the world and studies historical conditions for the creation of open-air museums in Russia. The first experience of creating such a museum was demonstrated at the All-Russian Agricultural and Artisanal-Industrial Exhibition in Moscow in 1923. In the park-museum of Kolomenskoye village near Moscow, monuments of wooden architecture of the 17th–18th centuries were placed. For the first time, this paper comes up with a comprehensive classification of the open-air museums according to various grounds: the status of the museum complex (federal, regional, local), the specificity of the exposition, the architectural and urban planning principle of the organization; the principle of organizing the exposition and others. The study determined that most of the open-air museums are concentrated in the central part of Russia. The authors also explored potential for developing an open-air museum in the Tyumen region. The experience and examples of the functioning of museums allow for developing give “ground” for the development of ethnographic museums in all regions of the country. The creation of this complex is interesting not only from the point of view of implementing educational function for the population, but also in terms of developing the region's economy — the creation of the most diverse tourist product (landscape — architecture — ethnography).

Annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of guinea pig testis after unilateral torsion of the spermatic cord

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111094 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 196-197

Author(s):

J. Chakraborty ◽

A. P. Sinha Hikim ◽

J. S. Jhunjhunwala

Keyword(s):

Sertoli Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Spermatic Cord ◽

Present Report ◽

Cell Types ◽

Annulate Lamellae ◽

Spermatogenic Cells ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Structural Details ◽

Although the presence of annulate lamellae was noted in many cell types, including the rat spermatogenic cells, this structure was never reported in the Sertoli cells of any rodent species. The present report is based on a part of our project on the effect of torsion of the spermatic cord to the contralateral testis. This paper describes for the first time, the fine structural details of the annulate lamellae in the Sertoli cells of damaged testis from guinea pigs.One side of the spermatic cord of each of six Hartly strain adult guinea pigs was surgically twisted (540°) under pentobarbital anesthesia (1). Four months after induction of torsion, animals were sacrificed, testes were excised and processed for the light and electron microscopic investigations. In the damaged testis, the majority of seminiferous tubule contained a layer of Sertoli cells with occasional spermatogonia (Fig. 1). Nuclei of these Sertoli cells were highly pleomorphic and contained small chromatinic clumps adjacent to the inner aspect of the nuclear envelope (Fig. 2).