scholarly journals Open-air museums of folk architecture: overview of creation and development in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Gaiduk ◽  
Alexander I. Klimenko ◽  
Alexander B. Khramtsov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethnographic Museums ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
First Time

The paper provides an overview of the domestic experience of creating ethnographic museums in the open air. It traces stages and chronological periodization of the foundation of such museums in the world and studies historical conditions for the creation of open-air museums in Russia. The first experience of creating such a museum was demonstrated at the All-Russian Agricultural and Artisanal-Industrial Exhibition in Moscow in 1923. In the park-museum of Kolomenskoye village near Moscow, monuments of wooden architecture of the 17th–18th centuries were placed. For the first time, this paper comes up with a comprehensive classification of the open-air museums according to various grounds: the status of the museum complex (federal, regional, local), the specificity of the exposition, the architectural and urban planning principle of the organization; the principle of organizing the exposition and others. The study determined that most of the open-air museums are concentrated in the central part of Russia. The authors also explored potential for developing an open-air museum in the Tyumen region. The experience and examples of the functioning of museums allow for developing give “ground” for the development of ethnographic museums in all regions of the country. The creation of this complex is interesting not only from the point of view of implementing educational function for the population, but also in terms of developing the region's economy — the creation of the most diverse tourist product (landscape — architecture — ethnography).

To the Question of the Classification Patterns of Social Stratification in the Countries of the World (Brief Overview of Some Concepts and Author’s Comment)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
S. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World

The author considers the problems of typification of society. Some concepts of typification of social stratification models in different countries formulated and justified in historical and legal, historical, sociological, and economic scientific literature are reviewed. The circumstances that make it difficult to formulate universal concepts designed for application in the complex of social Sciences are identified. These circumstances include insufficient consideration of legal factors, including the position of the legislator, the specifics of the corporate legal status, and the characteristics of the mechanism for changing individual legal status. The author offers a variant of classification of society types from the point of view of legal registration of their structure. The possibility of distinguishing types such as consolidated companies and segmented companies is justified.

scholarly journals The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Guz ◽  
Yulia G. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

Fearless woman. The last years of Zabel Yesayan's life in documents, letters, memoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Khalatova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time

The well-known Western Armenian writer Zabel Yesayan (1878‒1942(?)) acquired the status of a Soviet writer, returning to her homeland in 1933, where in 1937, like many repatriates, she became a victim of Stalinist repressions. The fruitful creative path of the native of Constantinople was accompanied by the bloody trace of the Armenian people, she was an eyewitness of the tragedy in Adana, Cilicia ... and tried to save the lives of the surviving refugees and orphans. “Zabel's character was not fragile. She saw with her own eyes how deserted Western Armenia, how villages and cities turned into ashes. However, she retained her mental fortitude, never despaired and did not drop her pen ...” The author of the first monograph about her, S. Arzumanyan, wrote about this in 1966, and in 2017, the American portal Refinery 29 announced Zabel Yesayan as one of the five fearless women in the world. As evidence of this, the author placed in the book documents, letters, memoirs, as well as excerpts from her works published for the first time in Russian translation.

Avicenna’s Interpretation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics (Ε1, 1026a13-16)

2018 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Silvia Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Time ◽  
First Philosophy ◽  
Aristotle's Metaphysics

During the 9th century Aristotle’s Metaphysics was translated for the first time from Greek into Arabic by Ustâth, at the request of al-Kindî and, afterwards, the interest of the Arab world in this oeuvre grew with the production of several translations, comments and paraphrases of the work. Among the books which compose the Metaphysics, one of the most studied was book Epsilon. In particular Arab philosophers focused their interest on the passage of Ε1, which contains a classification of the theoretical sciences (1026a13-1026a16), founded on the degree of immateriality and of separation from the matter of their object. Aristotle states: “Natural science deals with things which are inseparable from matter but not immovable, and some parts of mathematics deal with things which are immovable, but probably not separable, but are embodied in matter; while the first science deals with things which are both separable and immovable”. According to the Arab exegetes, Aristotle introduces here the doctrine of the three degrees of abstraction, on the base of which the object of first philosophy is the most abstract among the beings, both from the conceptual point of view and from the real one. This interpretation of the Aristotelian text – already present in Avicenna – had a huge influence on the Latin Middle Ages and on modern philosophy.

Onto the World Stage

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Crist
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
State Department ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

This chapter concerns the internationalization of the Dave Brubeck Quartet. After several years of preliminary discussions, in 1958 the group finally traveled abroad for the first time, on a three-month trip, largely under the auspices of the US State Department. By this time, the Quartet’s personnel finally reached a steady state, after a series of different bass players and drummers. The “classic” Quartet was the group of musicians who recorded Time Out the next year. Around the same time, Brubeck became increasingly involved with issues of civil rights. The Quartet also made history in the late 1950s by performing jazz in concert halls and on college campuses. Finally, Dave and Iola Brubeck devoted themselves tirelessly to the creation and promotion of The Real Ambassadors, a musical that they hoped would be produced on Broadway.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

scholarly journals Couchsurfing as a virtual hospitality network and a type of sustainable youth tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 09005
Author(s):  
Olena Hanchuk ◽  
Olga Bondarenko ◽  
Iryna Varfolomyeyeva ◽  
Olena Pakhomova ◽  
Tetyana Lohvynenko
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
Transcultural Communication ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Tourist Flow

The modern tourism diversity coursed by the emergence of its new varieties is sure to evolve with a view to the goals of sustainable future. The article is dedicated to couchsurfing, a kind of sustainable youth tourism, a global hospitality network, as an online service used for transcultural communication of tourists through the organization of various assistance during joint travel. It helps meet tourists’ recreational needs and travelling at no charge. The article considers the organizational structure of couchsurfing as a network managed by regional units. The authors identify the factors that influence the development of this type of tourism (globalization of the world economy, the development of the Internet, the growth of human wellbeing, democratization of society and etc.). They offer a comprehensive classification of types of couchsurfing by several criteria (age of tourists, number of participants, purpose of the trip and direction, length of stay, intensity of tourist flow). The regional peculiarities of the couchsurfing development are identified, and the regions with high (Europe, Anglo-American, Australia and New Zealand), middle (Asia and Latin America) and low levels of its development (Africa, Oceania and Central America) are distinguished. The map material illustrating the spread of couchsurfing around the world is created.

Les disciplines herméneutiques et la théorie critique sont-elles des formes de la rationalité scientifique?

Dialogue ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-326
Author(s):  
Stéphane Courtois
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Theory Of Communicative Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Social

AbstractThe general aim of this paper is to question the idea that hermeneutic and critical social sciences have to be conceived as specific embodiments of the scientific enterprise. This idea is rather implicit in Habermas's work, but has its grounds in his thesis about the argumentative unity of all sciences, upheld for the first time in 1973. Such a point of view turns out to be untenable for two reasons. First, the indiscriminating inclusion of the hermeneutic and critical social sciences in scientific enterprise raises problems of consistency with regard to the systematic guidelines of The Theory of Communicative Action. Moreover, the thesis of argumentative unity of the sciences itself is incompatible with Habermas's methodological conception of the role of Verstehen in the social sciences developed in section 1.4 of the book. Finally, the author argues that this conception calls for another understanding of the status and role of the hermeneutic and critical disciplines, which is outlined in some detail.

scholarly journals Mathematical evaluations of development and use of western countries` military capacity (on the example of Germany)

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-244
Author(s):  
Philipp Trunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
War Machine ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We can face the fact that the factor of military power has been gaining increasing influence in the world politics. In this regard one of key tasks of international relations` studies is the exploration of armed forces` building of the countries in the dynamics. The creating a three-dimensional picture of these processes is difficult without the use of mathematical indicators, which show the key features and “narrow places” of the development and the usage of war machines’ potential of the key countries in the world arena. In this article the focal case of these studies with the usage of mathematical assessments is the Bundeswehr. The reason of the given choice is the changing German role and place in the Euro-Atlantic community and the world arena as the whole. Germany has been trying to become the status of full-fare world power. One of the inherent features of this process is the growing of the Bundeswehr`s potential that had begun in the second half of 2010-s and has had the perspective by the middle 2030-s. The article presents mathematical indicators that allow to show a more voluminous assessment of the progress of building the Bundeswehr's potential and German military budget (both in general and in terms of articles of spending and other specific indicators) in comparison with other largest NATO member states. The research paper also examines the indicators that make it possible to “highlight” the peculiarities of the Bundeswehr’s usage outside and inside the NATO zone of responsibility as well as issues the evolution of the foreign (allied) military presence on the territory of the FRG. The author tries to conclude the generalizations of German “war machine” development, basing on 11 mathematical indicators, 6 of which introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

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