Governing the Central Mediterranean through Indirect Rule: Tracing the Effects of the Recognition of Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Tripoli

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiri Santer
Keyword(s):  
Coast Guard ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
International Maritime Organisation ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Vast Area ◽  
Indirect Rule

Abstract The gradual empowerment of the Libyan Coast Guard through EU training and funding has introduced them as a new actor in the Central Mediterranean amongst other civil and military actors intervening to prevent loss of life at sea. This article examines the contested recognition of the authority of the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Tripoli over the newly formalized Libyan Search and Rescue Region. It argues that the recognition of the Libyan coordination authority made by the International Maritime Organisation, has changed the way the international waters separating Libya and Europe are governed. Through the close analysis of three ethnographic vignettes depicting instances of rescue of migrants by an NGO vessel, this article illustrates how the Italian authorities are able to exercise control over this vast area indirectly via the formalization of the Libyan authority and concomitantly imped the operations of civil rescue NGO boats in the zone. This formalization enables Italian authorities (and their EU counterparts) to establish a form of indirect governance in this liminal border zone that clashes with other preceding legal orders which regulate distress cases at sea, i.e. international maritime law.

Rescuing Migrants in the Central Mediterranean: The Emergence of a New Civil Humanitarianism at the Maritime Border

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-455
Author(s):  
Marta Esperti
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
First Arrival

The Central Mediterranean is the most deadly body of water in the Mediterranean Sea with at least 15,062 fatalities recorded by International Organization of Migration between 2014 and 2018. This article aims at highlighting the rise of a variety of new civil society actors engaged in the rescue of people undertaking dangerous journeys across the sea in the attempt of reaching the southern European shores. The peculiarity of the humanitarian space at sea and its political relevance are pointed out to illustrate the unfolding of the maritime border management on the Central Mediterranean route and its relation with the activity of the civil society rescue vessels. The theoretical aspiration of the article is to question the role of a proactive civil humanitarianism at sea, discussing the emergence of different political and social meanings around humanitarianism at the EU’s southern maritime border. In recent years, the increasing presence of new citizens-based organizations at sea challenges the nexus between humanitarian and emergency approaches adopted to implement security-oriented policies. This essay draws on the findings of a broader comparative work on a variety of civil society actors engaged in the search and rescue operations on the maritime route between Libya and Europe, focusing in particular on Italy as country of first arrival. The fieldwork covers a period of time going between 2016 and 2018. The research methodology is built on a multisited ethnography, the conduct of semidirective and informal interviews with both state and nonstate actors, and the analysis of various reports unraveling the social and political tensions around rescue at sea on the Central Mediterranean route.

A Search and Rescue Training Simulator for the China Coast Guard Vessels

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 1144-1147
Author(s):  
Meng Kui Feng ◽  
Wei Min Li ◽  
Yong Jin Li
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Search Model ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
China Coast

The China Coast Guard vessels assume the search and rescue mission in Chinas coastal waters. Simulator training is an effective means to improve search and rescue efficiency. Through the analysis of the actual search and rescue process, a search and rescue training simulator is designed for the China Coast Guard vessels. The system structure, the search model, and the SART hardware simulation technology are introduced in the paper.

From Humanitarian Rescue to Border Security: Managing Migration in the Central Mediterranean

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Gemma Marolda Gloninger
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Border Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Humanitarian Principle

Abstract While images of boats in distress, overflowing with migrants in the Central Mediterranean, flash on television screens and front pages of Italian and European newspapers, search and rescue (SAR) missions continue to draw attention. This article takes a look at migratory flows across the Central Mediterranean from 2012 to 2018 and focuses on the response of governmental, inter-governmental, and non-governmental actors rescuing lives at sea. Using aggregate data on migrants’ sea arrivals and deaths as well as official documents from the UNHRC, the European Union, Italy’s Ministry of Interior, and NGOs, this study investigates 1) how different actors have responded to migratory flows across the Central Mediterranean, and 2) how actors’ narratives and response have impacted the situation at sea. The study finds that, although all three actors act on the humanitarian principle ‘to save lives,’ their narratives and response diverge as the intensity of sea arrivals persists.

James Silk Buckingham: Sailor, Explorer and Maritime Reformer

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars U. Scholl ◽  
Lars U. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Maritime Law

This chapter explores the career of James Silk Buckingham, who formed the Select Committee of shipwrecks and produced a report recommending significant interventions to prevent shipwreck and loss of life at sea. Williams argues that Buckingham’s actions influenced the state to improve safety conditions, and demonstrates that the majority of his proposals came into effect by mid-century. A list of examples is provided, including the formation of a mercantile marine board; codification of maritime law; better classification of ships; vetting of officers; welfare provisions for seamen; and establishing courts of enquiry for shipwrecks. An appendix provides a bibliography of Buckingham’s written works.

U.S. Coast Guard Great Lakes Icebreaker Replacement

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubin Sheinberg ◽  
Christopher Cleary ◽  
Peter V. Minnick ◽  
Adam R. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Environmental Response ◽  
United States Coast Guard ◽  
Continuous Service ◽  
Marine Environmental

The United States Coast Guard (USCG) Great Lakes Icebreaking Capability Replacement Project (GLIB) is a major acquisition program chartered to maintain heavy icebreaking on the Great Lakes. The state-of-the-art icebreaker being constructed under this program will replace the USCGC MACKINAW (WAGB 83), which has provided 60 years of continuous service to the region. The new multi-purpose vessel will provide heavy icebreaking services and maintain floating Aids-to-Navigation (AtoN) on the Great Lakes. In addition, the vessel will have secondary mission objectives of search and rescue, marine environmental response, and maritime law enforcement.

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