Evidence from Australian mesic zone dung beetles supports their Gondwanan origin and Mesozoic diversification of the Scarabaeinae

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Gunter ◽  
Geoff B. Monteith ◽  
Stephen L. Cameron ◽  
Tom A. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Founder Event ◽  
Almost All ◽  
East West

The evolution of dung beetles remains contentious with two hypotheses reflecting Cretaceous and Paleogene origins driven by different methods. We explore biogeographic evidence and phylogeographic origins against vicariance and dispersal scenarios that attribute to the four elements of the Australian fauna using a multi-gene approach. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses supported the Australasian clade, composed of almost all Australian, New Caledonian and New Zealand endemic genera (to the exclusion of Boletoscapter). Two Australian lineages with east-west splits and few lineages with restricted, non-overlapping distrbution were identified, and biogeography models provided evidence that vicariance and founder event speciation are important processes in the diversification of Australasian scarabaeines. Our phylogenetic results are largely congruent with a mid-Cretaceous origin of the Australasian clade, the tectonic history of Gondwanaland and climatic history of the Australian continent, and provide compelling evidence that Australian dung beetles are a relictual fauna whose history is linked to mesic zone fragmentation.

Faulting of a Middle Jurassic, ultramafic dyke in the Picton Quarry, Picton, southern Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1536-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. McFall
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Middle Jurassic ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Prince Edward County ◽  
Dyke Rock ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
East West

A fault zone coinciding with a Middle Jurassic, ultramafic dyke exposed in the Picton Quarry in Prince Edward County, Ontario, is marked by steeply dipping, generally east–west-striking fractures. The dyke has been affected by faulting, as evidenced by the presence of subhorizontal slickensides on fractures cutting the dyke rock. This discovery constitutes the first known example of Middle Jurassic or younger faulting having affected Paleozoic strata of southern Ontario and indicates that the structural and tectonic history of the region is more complex than commonly believed.

scholarly journals Phylogenomic history of enigmatic pygmy perches: implications for biogeography, taxonomy and conservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 172125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean J. Buckley ◽  
Fabricius M. C. B. Domingos ◽  
Catherine R. M. Attard ◽  
Chris J. Brauer ◽  
Jonathan Sandoval-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arid Habitat ◽  
East West

Pygmy perches (Percichthyidae) are a group of poorly dispersing freshwater fishes that have a puzzling biogeographic disjunction across southern Australia. Current understanding of pygmy perch phylogenetic relationships suggests past east–west migrations across a vast expanse of now arid habitat in central southern Australia, a region lacking contemporary rivers. Pygmy perches also represent a threatened group with confusing taxonomy and potentially cryptic species diversity. Here, we present the first study of the evolutionary history of pygmy perches based on genome-wide information. Data from 13 991 ddRAD loci and a concatenated sequence of 1 075 734 bp were generated for all currently described and potentially cryptic species. Phylogenetic relationships, biogeographic history and cryptic diversification were inferred using a framework that combines phylogenomics, species delimitation and estimation of divergence times. The genome-wide phylogeny clarified the biogeographic history of pygmy perches, demonstrating multiple east–west events of divergence within the group across the Australian continent. These results also resolved discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial data from a previous study. In addition, we propose three cryptic species within a southwestern species complex. The finding of potentially new species demonstrates that pygmy perches may be even more susceptible to ecological and demographic threats than previously thought. Our results have substantial implications for improving conservation legislation of pygmy perch lineages, especially in southwestern Western Australia.

scholarly journals A Rb-Sr age and isotope study of the Ikertôq, Nordre Strømfjord, and Evighedsfjord shear belts, West Greenland - outline and preliminary results

1979 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
M.H Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Isotope Study ◽  
Intense Deformation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Isotope System ◽  
East West

In the 1977 and 1978 field seasons, samples were collected from both the Ikertôq and Nordre Strømfjord shear belts and adjacent unsheared terrains. The samples represent the main rock-forming and shear zone-forming events in these two areas. In addition, samples for preliminary study were collected by S. B. Jensen and J. Allaart from sheared and unsheared gneisses in the Evighedsfjord region. Rb-Sr total rock analyses will be carried out on all samples. Suitably banded samples of both sheared and unsheared gneisses will be cut along compositionallayering to examine the Rb-Sr system on a small whole rock scale. The main Sr-bearing mineral phases of samples throughout the study area will also be analyzed. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, it will establish the geochronological frarnework of the main rock-forming and shear zone-forming events in this region. Second, it will help to clarify the thermo-tectonic history of the study area (especially in its first stages), mainly through the use of Rb-Sr mineral analyses. Two mineral age traverses will be produced, one north-south traverse along the coast between Agto and Evighedsfjord, and another east-west traverse from the coast 70 km inland along Nordre Strømfjord. The third aim of the study is to investigate the response of the Rb-Sr isotope system to intense deformation in the shear belts. This region lends itseif to such an investigation for two main reasons: (a) the age(s) of deformation ean be independently established using synto late-tectonic intrusive rocks; (b) the time period between the origin of the gneisses and the formation of the shear belts is long, from several hundred to 1000 m.y., and thus sufficient for significant isotopic heterogeneity to develop prior to deformation.

Mount Etna and the 1971 eruption - The 1971 Etna eruption: petrography of the lavas

1973 ◽  
Vol 274 (1238) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mount Etna ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Titaniferous Magnetite ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Magmatic Reservoir ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basalt Composition ◽  
Almost All

Most petrologists who have worked on Mt Etna have been surprised by the rather uniform character of its lavas (Lacroix 1908; Washington et al. 1926; Di Franco 1930). Except for a slight differentiation from alkali basalts to trachyandesites in the ancient Trifoglietto caldera, almost all the products forming this huge complex edifice have a tephritic basalt composition. They are usually porphyritic, with phenocrysts of calcic plagioclase (zoned from An 85 to An 40), augite, olivine and titaniferous magnetite. All these minerals, except olivine, are present in the groundmass, which also shows notable amounts of cryptocrystalline sanidine (about 10 %) and nepheline (about 5% ), these being determined by X-ray diffraction (Tanguy 1966). This uniformity in the petrochemistry of Mt Etna is interpreted by Rittmann as resulting from the absence of an intermediate magmatic reservoir, in relation with the tectonic history of the volcano (Rittmann 1963, 1973).

Tectonic history of the Dent Blanche

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 1-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Manzotti ◽  
Michel Ballèvrei
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of

From the Tower of London to the Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires: “Give me thy grace, good Lord, to set the world at nought”

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Clare M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Short History ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Almost All

The Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires begins or ends almost all its events by reciting in both English and Spanish a prayer written by More in the margins of his Book of Hours probably while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London. After a short history of what is called Thomas More’s Prayer Book, the author studies the prayer as a poem written in the form of a psalm according to the structure of Hebrew poetry, and looks at the poem’s content as a psalm of lament.

Paleontology and stratigraphy of Middle Eocene rock units in the southern Green River and Uinta Basins, Wyoming and Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Murphey ◽  
K.E. Townsend ◽  
Anthony Friscia ◽  
James Westgate ◽  
Emmett Evanoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Green River Basin ◽  
Green River ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History ◽  
Field Excursion ◽  
Land Mammal ◽  
Bridger Formation

The Bridger Formation is restricted to the Green River Basin in southwest Wyoming, and the Uinta and Duchesne River Formations are located in the Uinta Basin in Utah. These three rock units and their diverse fossil assemblages are of great scientific importance and historic interest to vertebrate paleontologists. Notably, they are also the stratotypes from oldest to youngest for the three middle Eocene North American Land Mammal Ages—the Bridgerian, Uintan, and Duchesnean. The fossils and sediments of these formations provide a critically important record of biotic, environmental, and climatic history spanning approximately 10 million years (49 to 39 Ma). This article provides a detailed field excursion through portions of the Green River and Uinta Basins that focuses on locations of geologic, paleontologic, and historical interest. In support of the field excursion, we also provide a review of current knowledge of these formations with emphasis on lithostratigraphy, biochronology, depositional, and paleoenvironmental history, and the history of scientific exploration.

TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE EASTERN PIEDMONT IN SOUTH CAROLINA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Scott Howard ◽  
◽  
Robert H. Morrow ◽  
Donald T. Secor
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of
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