the-role-of-local-institutions-in-adaptive-processes-to-climate-variability-the-cases-of-southern-ethiopia-and-southern-mali;hr

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Adaptive Processes

scholarly journals Role of Biochar in Improving Sandy Soil Water Retention and Resilience to Drought

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Yong-Jiang Zhang ◽  
Abigayl Novak ◽  
Yingchao Yang ◽  
Jinwu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Holding

In recent years, plants in sandy soils have been impacted by increased climate variability due to weak water holding and temperature buffering capacities of the parent material. The projected impact spreads all over the world, including New England, USA. Many regions of the world may experience an increase in frequency and severity of drought, which can be attributed to an increased variability in precipitation and enhanced water loss due to warming. The overall benefits of biochar in environmental management have been extensively investigated. This review aims to discuss the water holding capacity of biochar from the points of view of fluid mechanics and propose several prioritized future research topics. To understand the impacts of biochar on sandy soils in-depth, sandy soil properties (surface area, pore size, water properties, and characteristics) and how biochar could improve the soil quality as well as plant growth, development, and yield are reviewed. Incorporating biochar into sandy soils could result in a net increase in the surface area, a stronger hydrophobicity at a lower temperature, and an increase in the micropores to maximize gap spaces. The capability of biochar in reducing fertilizer drainage through increasing water retention can improve crop productivity and reduce the nutrient leaching rate in agricultural practices. To advance research in biochar products and address the impacts of increasing climate variability, future research may focus on the role of biochar in enhancing soil water retention, plant water use efficiency, crop resistance to drought, and crop productivity.

Role of plant defense in the utilization of native browse in southern Ethiopia

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Woodward ◽  
D. L. Coppock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Southern Ethiopia

Dyadic Cancer-Related Distress and The Role Of Mindfulness and Spiritual Well-Being in Couples with Cancer: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afarin Rajaei ◽  
Saeideh Heshmati
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dyadic Data ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Partner Effect

The present study draws attention to the significance of considering mindfulness and spiritual well-being on cancer-related distress among couples with cancer during the pandemic. Dyadic data was analyzed among couples with cancer (80 couples; N=160) to examine the within-person (actor effects) and between-partner (partner effects) associations among links between mindfulness, spiritual well-being, and cancer-related distress through the use of the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 2000). Significant actor and/or partner effects were found for mindfulness and spiritual well-being in couples with cancer, a factor that predicted cancer-related distress. Spirituality seemed to only play an important role in patients’ own cancer-related distress (actor effect), with patients’ higher levels of spiritual well-being predicting patients’ lower levels of distress. On the other hand, mindfulness was not only significantly related to the cancer patient and partner’s own distress (actor effect), partner’s mindfulness was also significantly associated with the patient’s distress (partner effect). The findings underscore the need to adopt a systemic perspective that accounts for multiple, simultaneous adaptive processes including mindfulness and spiritual well-being as influences on cancer-related distress in the time of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Phosphodiesterase Activities in the Eye of Old and Young Rats in Normoxic, Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Atmospheres

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Spoto ◽  
A. Contento ◽  
M. Di Nicola ◽  
G. Bianchi ◽  
C. Di Giulio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Old Rats

Phosphodiesterase activity was tested on homogenized eyes of young and old rats kept in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, with the aim of correlating any difference in PDE activity with aging and variations in atmospheric oxygen contents. The activities of the two enzymes, cAMP phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) and cGMP phosphodiesterase (cGMP-PDE), were tested. Phosphodiesterases seem to be particularly susceptible to variations in oxygen tension, suggesting an important role of cyclic nucleotides in cellular adaptive processes. Particularly, cAMP-PDE activity increases lightly both in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions in young and old rats. For cGMP-PDE activity of young rats, a similar behaviour to cAMP-PDE activity is observed with a similar increase in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions respect to the control rats. Instead old rats seem to be quite insensible to hypoxia, while they show a fair increase in cGMP-PDE activity in the case of hyperoxia. The second messengers cAMP and cGMP play important roles in mediating the biological effects of a wide variety of first messengers. The intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides depend upon rates of synthesis and degradation, actuated, respectively, by cyclases and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Therefore, PDEs seem to play an important role in a wide variety of physiological processes.

scholarly journals Intra-interglacial climate variability: model simulations of Marine Isotope Stages 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Rachmayani ◽  
Matthias Prange ◽  
Michael Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
West African ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
The West ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Astronomical Forcing

Abstract. Using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) including a dynamic global vegetation model, a set of 13 time slice experiments was carried out to study global climate variability between and within the Quaternary interglacials of Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15. The selection of interglacial time slices was based on different aspects of inter- and intra-interglacial variability and associated astronomical forcing. The different effects of obliquity, precession, and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing on global surface temperature and precipitation fields are illuminated. In most regions seasonal surface temperature anomalies can largely be explained by local insolation anomalies induced by the astronomical forcing. Climate feedbacks, however, may modify the surface temperature response in specific regions, most pronounced in the monsoon domains and the polar oceans. GHG forcing may also play an important role for seasonal temperature anomalies, especially at high latitudes and early Brunhes interglacials (MIS 13 and 15) when GHG concentrations were much lower than during the later interglacials. High- versus low-obliquity climates are generally characterized by strong warming over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics and slight cooling in the tropics during boreal summer. During boreal winter, a moderate cooling over large portions of the Northern Hemisphere continents and a strong warming at high southern latitudes is found. Beside the well-known role of precession, a significant role of obliquity in forcing the West African monsoon is identified. Other regional monsoon systems are less sensitive or not sensitive at all to obliquity variations during interglacials. Moreover, based on two specific time slices (394 and 615 ka), it is explicitly shown that the West African and Indian monsoon systems do not always vary in concert, challenging the concept of a global monsoon system on astronomical timescales. High obliquity can also explain relatively warm Northern Hemisphere high-latitude summer temperatures despite maximum precession around 495 ka (MIS 13). It is hypothesized that this obliquity-induced high-latitude warming may have prevented a glacial inception at that time.

scholarly journals The Role of Local Institutions on Strengthening Gambir Agricultural Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedy Nasrul
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Agricultural Markets ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
West Sumatra

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Agricultural market gambir is often injurious farmers so important strengthening through the role of institutions local. Local institutions so far have power and proximity to the community, storing knowledge and skills and sensitive with needs of the society where exchange happened. This research uses the method the qualitative study. This research in Lubuak Alai Village, Kapur IX, Lima Puluh Kota District the Province of West Sumatra. Lubuak Alai Village is agricultural gambir centers. Local institutions involved in the market gambir is institutional farmers, gatherers, Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN) and village administration. The role and the existence of local institutions involved in the market gambir, is important to process the transaction as well as strengthen and sustain agricultural markets gambir in Lubuak Alai Village.<br />Keywords: local institutions, market, Gambir</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Pasar pertanian gambir sering merugikan petani sehingga penting dilakukan penguatan melalui peran kelembagaan lokal. Kelembagaan lokal yang berkembang di masyarakan selama ini mempunyai kemampuan, kedekatan, pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan-permasalah masyarakat dimana kelembagaan lokal tersebut berada. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan sanakan di Desa/nagari Lubuak Alai Kec. Kapur IX Kab. Lima Puluh Kota. Lubuak Alai adalah nagari sentra pertanian gambir. Kelembagaan-kelembagaan lokal yang terlibat pada pasar gambir adalah kelembagaan petani, pengumpul, lembaga adat (KAN) dan pemerintahan nagari. Peran dan keberadaan kelembagaan-kelembagaan lokal yang terlibat pada pasar gambir penting untuk proses transaksi serta memperkuat dan menjaga keberlangsungan pasar pertanian gambir di Nagari Lubuak Alai.<br />Kata kunci: kelembagaan lokal, pasar, Gambir</p>

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