非正规就业中的女工自组织与劳工力量—以嘉兴服装业的合作生产队为例

Rural China ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Cooperative Production ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

In China and beyond, garment industries are often dominated by female informal laborers. Existing studies on female informal workers have focused on describing the poor working conditions such as low wages, high risk, lack of job security, and gender segmentation, and analyzing the reasons behind them. However, there is little discussion on the associational power of these informal workers. Based on surveys and field studies in the garment industries in the Yangtze River Delta conducted between 2011 and 2013, this article explores the cooperative production team formed by the women workers and attempts to explain how female informal workers can gain the associational power to enhance labor standards and obtain control over the labor process. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of labor solidarity in informal employment and also expand our discussion on the power of female workers. 无论从中国还是全球来看，服装制造业都是一个在用工模式上既是女性主导又是非正规就业集中的产业。而以往诸多对非正规就业女工的研究中，研究者往往侧重于对工人低工资、高风险、低保障、性别区隔等情况的描述以及造成这些状况的原因的分析，但是缺乏对工人组织性力量的分析。基于在2011–2013年于长三角服装业进行的问卷调查和田野研究数据，本文以嘉兴服装业的合作生产队为例，分析女工是如何形成组织性的力量，从而获得更高的工资水平和对劳动过程的控制能力。本项研究的发现一方面指出了中国非正规就业中工作形态的多样性和变化性，另一方面也拓展了对于非正规就业中劳工组织和劳工力量问题的讨论。 (This article is in Chinese.)

Measuring the Employment Vulnerability Among Female Workers in Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Nomita P. Kumar ◽  
Achala Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Principal Component Loading ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Component Loading

This article attempts to measure employment vulnerability among women workers in Uttar Pradesh by constructing a multidimensional vulnerability index (MVI). The index is based on 23 dichotomous (binary) variables corresponding to various dimensions of vulnerability related to employment. A composite index of vulnerability is developed for each occupational category, sector of employment and gender. Here, MVI is the average of five indices which are computed for the respective dimensions of employment vulnerability. The findings suggest high levels of vulnerability among informal workers with the MVI values ranging from 0.087 (low) to 0.783 (high).The overall MVI (measured by principal component loading [PCA]) was 0.768 for the construction and domestic workers, followed by tailors (0.629) and garment workers (0.635). Appropriate policies are needed to help lift women from the cumulative neglect that they experience in unorganised labour market.

scholarly journals Class, Caste, and Gender among Cashew Workers in the South Indian State of Kerala 1930–2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Depth Interviews

The main concern of this paper is the issue of women workers' identity and class consciousness. This investigation is principally based on in-depth interviews with three generations of female factory workers. Extremely unequal power relations between capital and labour is insufficient to explain the more pronounced exploitation of female workers over males. In spite of these women having the potential for collective power, their factory lives have been characterized by treatment in constant violation of labour laws. Low-caste female workers have gone through a process of effeminization which has acted to curb their class identity and limit their scope of action. In the process of caste and class emancipation, the question of gender has been neglected by trade union leaders and politicians. The radicalism of males is built upon women's maintaining of the families – a reality which strongly contradicts hegemonic gender discourses and confuses gender identities.

scholarly journals Partisipasi politik buruh perempuan

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani ◽  
Ana Sabhana Azmy
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Socialist Feminism ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
And Gender

This study discusses the political participation of women workers in The Chemical, Energy and Mining Trade Unions of the All Indonesia Workers Union (SP KEP-SPSI). Using qualitative methods, this paper uses theories of women’s political participation, understanding sex and gender, and explaining socialist feminism as bases of analysis. This research tries to answer two issues namely how the involvement of women workers in the union in the SP KEP-SPSI and why the involvement of women in the union is important. The conclusion of this study is that the political participation of women workers in SP KEP-SPSI has not been actively involved enough in trade unions. Their membership is still very minimal with the indicator that there are only 4 female workers from 46 officials in the structure. However, SP KEP-SPSI has tried to facilitate the involvement of women workers with an indication of the inclusion of a clause on the involvement of women in the Statutes / Statutes of the Union. The involvement of women workers is important in unions, because it signifies a form of active political participation of citizens and is related to the struggle for the rights of women workers.

Transformations: The New Deal through the 1950s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Woloch
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Labor Standards ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Fair Labor Standards Act ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The New Deal

This chapter traces the changes in federal and state protective policies from the New Deal through the 1950s. In contrast to the setbacks of the 1920s, the New Deal revived the prospects of protective laws and of their proponents. The victory of the minimum wage for women workers in federal court in 1937 and the passage in 1938 of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which extended labor standards to men, represented a peak of protectionist achievement. This achievement rested firmly on the precedent of single-sex labor laws for which social feminists—led by the NCL—had long campaigned. However, “equal rights” gained momentum in the postwar years, 1945–60. By the start of the 1960s, single-sex protective laws had resumed their role as a focus of contention in the women's movement.

Heat stress and inadequate toilet access at work places in India – a potential hazard to working women in a changing climate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhya Venugopal ◽  
Rekha Shanmugam ◽  
Priscilla Johnson ◽  
Rebekah Ann Isabel Lucas ◽  
Kristina Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Modifiable Factors

In the past few decades, increasingly blistering heat due to climate change has created more illnesses and claimed more lives worldwide, an issue mostly ignored because it's an invisible hazard and hard-to-document disaster. Victims are usually vulnerable populations, including workers exposed on a daily basis to heat, who not only suffer from heat illnesses but also from an exacerbation of existing health problems aggravated by heat and dehydration. Research has proved that heat is a higher risk for female workers, who are affected far more often than their male counterparts. India’s informal economy is dominated by the female workforce and many informal workplaces have minimal welfare facilities including toilets. One of the modifiable factors that influence workplace psychology is the lack of access to a private toilet. To avoid embarrassment or harassment, many women refrain from drinking water during the day in order to limit their trips to the toilet, a potentially deadly strategy during hot seasons which has adverse health consequences. A global trend especially in developing nations evidences a higher number of women entering the workforce. With this trend and rising temperatures, the issue is expected to escalate to significant proportions unless workplace interventions and policy level actions are taken at a national level to protect women workers.

scholarly journals Current Status and Temporal Trend of Potentially Toxic Elements Pollution in Agricultural Soil in the Yangtze River Delta Region: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Shufeng She ◽  
Bifeng Hu ◽  
Xianglin Zhang ◽  
Shuai Shao ◽  
Yefeng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pollution in the agricultural soil of China, especially in developed regions such as the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in eastern China, has received increasing attention. However, there are few studies on the long-term assessment of soil pollution by PTEs over large regions. Therefore, in this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the current state and temporal trend of PTEs pollution in the agricultural land of the Yangtze River Delta. Based on a review of 118 studies published between 1993 and 2020, the average concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni were found to be 0.25 mg kg−1, 0.14 mg kg−1, 8.14 mg kg−1, 32.32 mg kg−1, 68.84 mg kg−1, 32.58 mg kg−1, 92.35 mg kg−1, and 29.30 mg kg−1, respectively. Among these elements, only Cd and Hg showed significant accumulation compared with their background values. The eastern Yangtze River Delta showed a relatively high ecological risk due to intensive industrial activities. The contents of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil showed an increasing trend from 1993 to 2000 and then showed a decreasing trend. The results obtained from this study will provide guidance for the prevention and control of soil pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Interactive Relationship between Urbanization and Land-Use Transition: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Bo Niu ◽  
Dazhuan Ge ◽  
Rui Yan ◽  
Yingyi Ma ◽  
Dongqi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Socioeconomic Factor ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Land Use Transition ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Interaction Relationship

In recent years, the impact of land-use systems on global climate change has become increasingly significant, and land-use change has become a hot issue of concern to academics, both within China and abroad. Urbanization, as an important socioeconomic factor, plays a vital role in promoting land-use transition, which also shows a significant spatial dependence on urbanization. This paper constructs a theoretical framework for the interaction relationship between urbanization and land-use transition, taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example, and measures the level of urbanization from the perspective of population urbanization, economic urbanization and social urbanization, while also evaluating the level of land-use morphologies from the perspective of dominant and recessive morphologies of land-use. We construct a PVAR model and coupled coordination model based on the calculated indexes for empirical analysis. The results show that the relationship between urbanization and land-use transition is not a simple linear relationship, but tends to be complex with the process of urbanization, and reasonable urbanization and land-use morphologies will promote further benign coupling in the system. By analyzing the interaction relationship between urbanization and land-use transition, this study enriches the study of land-use change and provides new pathways for thinking about how to promote high-quality urbanization.

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