WITHIN AND BETWEEN-TREE VARIATION OF BARK CONTENT AND WOOD DENSITY OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Eucalyptus globulus trees, 15 years old, were sampled at different heights from commercial pulpwood plantations in two sites in Portugal. Bark thickness was higher in the site with better growth and always decreased from the tree base to the top. Bark content was site independent and on average 11% of stem dry weight, higher at the base and top, and lower at 35% height level.Tree mean wood basic density averaged 600 kg /m3 and 568 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively, and was not correlated with tree growth. Wood density increased from base to top of the tree. Between-tree variation was low with coefficients of variation of site mean below 10%. Bark density (374 kg /m3 and 454 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively) did not show significant within tree variation. Average tree wood density could not be predicted with reasonable accuracy using a breast height sampling and better results were obtained using a sampling as a percentage of total height (e.g. 15%).

Application of resistance drilling to genetic studies of growth, wood basic density and bark thickness in Eucalyptus globulus

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
H. Nickolas ◽  
D. Williams ◽  
G. Downes ◽  
P. A. Harrison ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Resistance Drilling

scholarly journals Comparison Between Open Pollinated Progenies and Hybrids Performance in Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bison ◽  
M. A. P. Ramalho ◽  
G. D. S. P. Rezende ◽  
A. M. Aguiar ◽  
M. D. V. De Resende
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Do So

Summary The cellulose industry in Brazil uses, mainly, hybrids between Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla. Not only the volume but also the wood density has great influence in the cellulose productivity, therefore a selection for both characteristics should be done as an alternative to increase the improvement program efficiency. The present work has been carried out with the objective of comparison between Open Pollinated progenies (OP) and hybrids performance in E. grandis and E. urophylla. To do so, 15 OP progenies of E. grandis, 15 OP progenies of E. urophylla, and 15 hybrids between E. grandis × E. urophylla, plus four controls were evaluated. The experiment was carried out from October to November 2001, in three sites, Aracruz and São Mateus, in the Espírito Santo State, and Caravelas, Bahia State, Brazil, in a 14 × 14 lattice design, involving the 49 treatments mentioned plus other progenies not considered in this article, with single tree plots and 40 replicates. Two years later the circumference at breast height (CBH) and the basic wood density (BWD) were evaluated. The hybrids performance for CBH was higher, an average, 38,7% than the OP progenies for both species. Part of the heterosis in relation to parental means could be attributed to the inbreeding depression due to selfing that occurred in the OP progenies and the dominance controlling this character. For the BWD the hybrids performance was the same of the OP progenies. Since there was divergence between the parents, it can be inferred that dominance has no importance for this trait. The negative correlation between the CBH and the BWD could impair the simultaneous selection for both traits, depending on the wood basic density range used by the industry.

Comparative evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens wood and fibre quality

IAWA Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Carrillo ◽  
Sofía Valenzuela ◽  
Juan Pedro Elissetche
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Density Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Micro Drilling

An evaluation of 100 Eucalyptus globulus and 100 E. nitens trees (six years old) was made using the Pilodyn micro-drilling tool as an indicator of wood density. Thirty E. globulus and thirty E. nitens trees with high, medium and low density were selected and sampled with an increment borer at breast height for anatomical analysis using fibre tester equipment and the Resistograph device to generate detailed information about fibre biometry and anatomical wood properties of both species for hybrid development. Eucalyptus globulus trees had a basic wood density average of 478 kg/m3, while E. nitens had a density of 490 kg/m3. Both micro-drilling tools showed significant correlation coefficients with basic wood density. Correlation coefficients between basic wood density and Pilodyn values were negative, being -0.53 (p = 0.01) and -0.68 (p < 0.001) for E. globulus and E. nitens, respectively. For both species a positive correlation was observed between basic density and Resistograph mean amplitude; the correlation coefficient was 0.84 (p < 0.001) for E. globulus, and 0.85 (p < 0.001) for E. nitens. Eucalyptus nitens trees had a higher density and amplitude average and smaller Pilodyn values than E. globulus trees, while the latter had higher coarseness, fibre length and diameter at breast height than E. nitens trees. However, E. nitens showed larger differences between features of earlywood and latewood in a growth ring than E. globulus trees.

scholarly journals Basic density and CO2 sequestration in seven species from the Commemorative Arboretum of 500 Years of Brazil in Alberto Löfgren State Park, São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Viana de Sousa ◽  
Tatiana Martins Thomaz ◽  
Sandra Monteiro Borges Florsheim ◽  
Israel Luiz de Lima ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Longui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Prunus Cerasoides ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Content Capture ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Carbon sequestration involves the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, aiming to reduce the greenhouse effect. Wood basic density is a direct part of this process. We selected five trees in each of the following species to determine wood basic density and quantify carbon, both sequestered and fixed, for 10 years: Alchornea sidifolia, Ceiba speciosa, Gallesia integrifolia, Guazuma ulmifolia, Inga marginata, Maclura tinctoria, and Prunus cerasoides. The study was conducted in the Commemorative Arboretum of 500 Years of Brazil in Alberto Löfgren State Park, São Paulo. Using maximum moisture content capture of CO, we studied variations of wood density and CO2, both fixed and sequestered, by an individual tree in the same species and between species. Values of fixed and sequestered CO2 showed variations among species with a high dependence on wood density such that trees with higher amounts of CO2, both fixed and abducted, were also trees that showed the highest increment both in height and diameter (DBH). Based on these metrics, G. ulmifolia, I. marginata, M. tinctoria, and P. cerasoides showed the most potential to sequester carbon. Our calculations showed that planting these four species would result in the sequestration of around 30 tons of carbon per hectare.

scholarly journals Modelling and quantifying tree biometric properties of dry Afromontane forests of south-central Ethiopia

Trees ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerihun Asrat ◽  
Tron Eid ◽  
Terje Gobakken ◽  
Mesele Negash
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
South Central ◽  
Afromontane Forests ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Key message Models for quantifying tree biometric properties, imperative for forest management decision-making, including height, diameter, bark thickness and volume were developed, and wood basic density was documented for dry Afromontane forests of south-central Ethiopia. Abstract Tree biometric properties such as height (ht), diameter at breast height (dbh), bark thickness (bt), volume and wood basic density (wbd) are imperative for forest management decision-making. For dry Afromontane forests in south-central Ethiopia, models for quantifying such tree properties are totally lacking. This study, therefore, aimed at developing models for ht based on dbh, for dbh based on stump height diameter (dsh), for bt based on dbh, for volume based on dbh, ht and crown width (crw), as well as documenting wbd data. Comprehensive and representative datasets were collected from Degaga–Gambo and Wondo Genet forests. The ht, dbh and bt modelling were based on 1345 sampled trees during forest inventories, while the volume modelling and wbd documentation were based on 63 destructively sampled trees from 30 species covering 87% of the total basal area in the study sites. Weighted least squares regression was applied for modelling and leave one out cross-validation was used for evaluation. The ht–dbh and dbh–dsh models performed well (pseudo-R2 = 0.72 and 0.98), while bt–dbh performed poorer (pseudo-R2 = 0.42). Models for the total tree, merchantable stem and branches volume were developed with different options for independent variables, where pseudo-R2 varied from 0.74 to 0.98, with smallest values for the branches models The models may be applied to forests outside the present study sites provided that the growing conditions are carefully evaluated. The species-wise wbd was ranging from 0.426 to 0.979 g cm−3, with the overall mean of 0.588 g cm−3. The wbd data will be useful for building up a national wbd database and may also be included in the Global Wood Density database. The study represents a significant step towards sustainable forest management including REDD + MRV practices in the dry Afromontane forests of south-central Ethiopia.

BASIC DENSITY AND FIBRE LENGTH AT BREAST HEIGHT OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS SSP. GLOBULUS FOR PARAMETER PREDICTION OF THE WHOLE TREE

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Igartúa ◽  
S.E. Monteoliva ◽  
M.G. Monterubbianesi ◽  
M.S. Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Whole Tree

The aim of the present work was to analyze the associations between basic density and fibre length at breast height (BH) and of the whole tree. This study focused on the need to find a sampling point representative for the whole tree, using 35-year-old Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus plantations established under two different growing conditions in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.The relationship between whole-tree and BH values was quantified using linear regression analysis. Relationships were obtained for each growing site and wood features.

scholarly journals USE OF DUMMY VARIABLES TO PREDICT GROWTH STRESSES IN Eucalyptus ssp. CLONES

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139
Author(s):  
Rafael Beltrame ◽  
Pedro Henrique Gonzalez Cadermatori ◽  
Rafael de Avila Delucis ◽  
Darci Alberto Gatto ◽  
Clovis Roberto Haselein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strain ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Dummy Variables ◽  
Growth Stresses ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT The evaluation of growth stresses in Eucalyptus trees and their influence on both morphological properties of trees and technological properties of wood have been aimed by several studies, which used indirect and nondestructive methods for these evaluations. The present study aimed to estimate growth stresses for woods from Eucalyptus ssp. clones trough some of their dendrometric properties, using Dummy variables. 12 hybrid Eucalyptus clones were evaluated by basic density (BD) and dendrometric properties: diameter at breast height (DBH), bark thickness (BT), height (H) and total volume (VOL). The growth stresses were indirectly evaluated by the longitudinal residual strain (LRS) following the CIRAD-Forêt method. 12 Dummy variables were defined based on the characteristics of each clone. After that, four models were proposed in order to estimate the LRD, using Dummy variables, DBH, H, VOL and BD as independent variables. Among the dendrometric properties, BD was discarded because it does not confer interesting aids to the LRD predict. Among the Dummy variables, clone 9 provided the most discrepant variable. The LRD of the clones were satisfactorily described by the mathematical models, although these values showed significant variability.

Behavior of wood basic density according to environmental variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Marcos Vieira Oliveira ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽  
Eder Pereira Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Basic Density

Genetic control of kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond J. Stackpole ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes ◽  
Christopher E. Harwood ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Economic Worth

Pulp yield is an important breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus Labill., but evaluation of its genetic control and genetic correlations with other traits has been limited by its high assessment cost. We used near infrared spectroscopy to study genetic variation in pulp yield and other traits in a 16-year-old E. globulus trial. Pulp yield was predicted for 2165 trees from 467 open-pollinated families from 17 geographic subraces. Significant differences between subraces and between families within subraces were detected for all traits. The high pulp yield of southern Tasmanian subraces suggested that their economic worth was previously underestimated. The narrow-sense heritability of pulp yield was medium (0.40). The significant positive genetic correlation between pulp yield and diameter (0.52) was at odds with the generally neutral values reported. The average of the reported genetic correlations between pulp yield and basic density (0.50) was also at odds with our nonsignificant estimate. Pulp yield of the subraces increased with increasing latitude, producing a negative correlation with density (–0.58). The absence of genetic correlations within subraces between pulp yield and density suggests that the correlation may be an independent response of the two traits to the same or different selection gradients that vary with latitude.

scholarly journals Fuel manipulation with herbicide treatments to reduce fire hazard in young pine (Pinus elliottii × P. caribaea) plantations in south-east Queensland, Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lewis ◽  
Joanne De Faveri
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Wildfire represents a major risk to pine plantations. This risk is particularly great for young plantations (generally less than 10 m in height) where prescribed fire cannot be used to manipulate fuel biomass, and where flammable grasses are abundant in the understorey. We report results from a replicated field experiment designed to determine the effects of two rates of glyphosate (450 g L–1) application, two extents of application (inter-row only and inter-row and row) with applications being applied once or twice, on understorey fine fuel biomass, fuel structure and composition in south-east Queensland, Australia. Two herbicide applications (~9 months apart) were more effective than a once-off treatment for reducing standing biomass, grass continuity, grass height, percentage grass dry weight and the density of shrubs. In addition, the 6-L ha–1 rate of application was more effective than the 3-L ha–1 rate of application in periodically reducing grass continuity and shrub density in the inter-rows and in reducing standing biomass in the tree rows, and application in the inter-rows and rows significantly reduced shrub density relative to the inter-row-only application. Herbicide treatment in the inter-rows and rows is likely to be useful for managing fuels before prescribed fire in young pine plantations because such treatment minimised tree scorch height during prescribed burns. Further, herbicide treatments had no adverse effects on plantation trees, and in some cases tree growth was enhanced by treatments. However, the effectiveness of herbicide treatments in reducing the risk of tree damage or mortality under wildfire conditions remains untested.

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