Comparative evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens wood and fibre quality

IAWA Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Carrillo ◽  
Sofía Valenzuela ◽  
Juan Pedro Elissetche
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Density Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Micro Drilling

An evaluation of 100 Eucalyptus globulus and 100 E. nitens trees (six years old) was made using the Pilodyn micro-drilling tool as an indicator of wood density. Thirty E. globulus and thirty E. nitens trees with high, medium and low density were selected and sampled with an increment borer at breast height for anatomical analysis using fibre tester equipment and the Resistograph device to generate detailed information about fibre biometry and anatomical wood properties of both species for hybrid development. Eucalyptus globulus trees had a basic wood density average of 478 kg/m3, while E. nitens had a density of 490 kg/m3. Both micro-drilling tools showed significant correlation coefficients with basic wood density. Correlation coefficients between basic wood density and Pilodyn values were negative, being -0.53 (p = 0.01) and -0.68 (p < 0.001) for E. globulus and E. nitens, respectively. For both species a positive correlation was observed between basic density and Resistograph mean amplitude; the correlation coefficient was 0.84 (p < 0.001) for E. globulus, and 0.85 (p < 0.001) for E. nitens. Eucalyptus nitens trees had a higher density and amplitude average and smaller Pilodyn values than E. globulus trees, while the latter had higher coarseness, fibre length and diameter at breast height than E. nitens trees. However, E. nitens showed larger differences between features of earlywood and latewood in a growth ring than E. globulus trees.

WITHIN AND BETWEEN-TREE VARIATION OF BARK CONTENT AND WOOD DENSITY OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS IN COMMERCIAL PLANTATIONS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Eucalyptus globulus trees, 15 years old, were sampled at different heights from commercial pulpwood plantations in two sites in Portugal. Bark thickness was higher in the site with better growth and always decreased from the tree base to the top. Bark content was site independent and on average 11% of stem dry weight, higher at the base and top, and lower at 35% height level.Tree mean wood basic density averaged 600 kg /m3 and 568 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively, and was not correlated with tree growth. Wood density increased from base to top of the tree. Between-tree variation was low with coefficients of variation of site mean below 10%. Bark density (374 kg /m3 and 454 kg /m3 for best and worst site, respectively) did not show significant within tree variation. Average tree wood density could not be predicted with reasonable accuracy using a breast height sampling and better results were obtained using a sampling as a percentage of total height (e.g. 15%).

BASIC DENSITY AND FIBRE LENGTH AT BREAST HEIGHT OF EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS SSP. GLOBULUS FOR PARAMETER PREDICTION OF THE WHOLE TREE

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Igartúa ◽  
S.E. Monteoliva ◽  
M.G. Monterubbianesi ◽  
M.S. Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Whole Tree

The aim of the present work was to analyze the associations between basic density and fibre length at breast height (BH) and of the whole tree. This study focused on the need to find a sampling point representative for the whole tree, using 35-year-old Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus plantations established under two different growing conditions in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.The relationship between whole-tree and BH values was quantified using linear regression analysis. Relationships were obtained for each growing site and wood features.

Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Raymond ◽  
A Muneri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
P Fertilizers

The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and the effects of the fertilizer; wood properties at the drier sites were detrimentally affected by fertilizer but there was little effect at the wetter sites. On the two drier sites, application of both N and P, alone or in combination, resulted in changes in density, shorter fibres, and slightly lower predicted pulp yield. Addition of both N and P increased the levels of these nutrients in the wood at the three Victorian sites. Changes occurred in wood properties in the absence of growth responses to the applied fertilizer indicating that these changes were not induced by changing tree growth rate.

Direct Effects of Wood Characteristics on Pulp and Handsheet Properties of Eucalyptus globulus

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wimmer ◽  
G.M. Downes ◽  
R. Evans ◽  
G. Rasmussen ◽  
J. French
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Handsheet Properties

Summary Fibre length, microfibril angle and wood density were measured in eight-year-old Eucalyptus globulus clones planted on three different sites. Samples were chipped and pulped, and the pulps beaten prior to preparation of 60g/m2 handsheets. Eleven physical handsheet properties, together with pulp freeness, were measured using standard methods. Direct relationships between wood properties and pulp/paper properties were studied using path analysis. Fibre length had a strong, direct effect on tear index, bending stiffness, freeness, pulp yield and active alkali consumption. Wood density was a strong predictor of most handsheet properties: high density woods produced bulkier, more porous sheets with higher bending stiffness, while lower density woods produced smoother, denser sheets with higher tensile strength.The effect of microfibril angle was small and more evident in handsheets made from beaten pulp.

scholarly journals Changes in biometric, density, and microscopic features of Parrotia persica trees in longitudinal and radial directions of the stem

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3563-3574
Author(s):  
Ali Hassanpoor Tichi ◽  
Hadi Gholamiyan ◽  
Mojtaba Rezanezhad Divkolae
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Tree Stem ◽  
Diffuse Porous

The biometric, density, and microscopic features of Parrotia persica species were investigated in this work. Three completely healthy P. persica trees were randomly felled. Three discs of 5 cm thickness were cut at three height levels (at breast height, 3 m, and 4.5 m) of each stem. The test specimens were sequentially taken from pith to bark. The biometric characteristics of the fiber and their density were analyzed. The microscopic features were studied according to the IAWA List of Hardwoods. It was found that all biometric factors of P. persica were decreased with increasing tree height from base to top. In contrast, these factors were also increased with the increase of distance from the pith toward the bark. Oven-dry density and basic density were decreased with an increase in the height along the tree stem. However, in the transverse direction, oven-dry density and basic density were increased from pith to bark. The anatomical study indicated that P. persica is a diffuse-porous hardwood that has distinct growth ring boundaries, heterogeneous rays, scalariform perforation, and alternative intervessel pits.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of Physical and Chemical Wood Properties of Eucalyptus globulus

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Apiolaza ◽  
C. A. Raymond ◽  
B. J. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Wood Processing

Abstract This study considered the degree of genetic variation for diameter (DBH), basic density (BD), predicted pulp yield (PPY), fibre length (FL), microfibril angle (MFA) and cellulose content (CC) amongst eight subraces of Eucalyptus globulus growing in a field trial in NW Tasmania. There were significant subrace effects for BD, FL and CC. This variation affected the relative profitability of the subraces for pulp production. On average, the most profitable subraces (on NPV/ha over the base population mean) were Strzelecki Ranges ($862.04), Western Otways ($657.80) and Strzelecki Foothills ($576.81). The genetic control (heritability) of variation in DBH, FL and MFA was moderate (0.15 < h2< 0.27), while control for BD, PPY and CC was high (h2> 0.40). Genetic correlations between growth and wood properties were not statistically significant, except for DBHMFA (-0.86). Most genetic correlations amongst wood properties were outside the parametric space (< -1 or >1), but there were significant correlations between BDMFA (-0.70) and PPY-CC (0.82). The empirical response to selection on an index based on a pulp wood objective (which included volume and basic density) resulted in a gain of 4.3% for DBH, 7.9% for BD and marginal changes for all other traits, with a net impact in profit of $1,270/ha. However, future profit calculations will need to consider the effect of FL, MFA and CC on the economics of wood processing to fully evaluate the economic impact of breeding.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Open Pollinated Progenies and Hybrids Performance in Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bison ◽  
M. A. P. Ramalho ◽  
G. D. S. P. Rezende ◽  
A. M. Aguiar ◽  
M. D. V. De Resende
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Wood Basic Density ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Do So

Summary The cellulose industry in Brazil uses, mainly, hybrids between Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla. Not only the volume but also the wood density has great influence in the cellulose productivity, therefore a selection for both characteristics should be done as an alternative to increase the improvement program efficiency. The present work has been carried out with the objective of comparison between Open Pollinated progenies (OP) and hybrids performance in E. grandis and E. urophylla. To do so, 15 OP progenies of E. grandis, 15 OP progenies of E. urophylla, and 15 hybrids between E. grandis × E. urophylla, plus four controls were evaluated. The experiment was carried out from October to November 2001, in three sites, Aracruz and São Mateus, in the Espírito Santo State, and Caravelas, Bahia State, Brazil, in a 14 × 14 lattice design, involving the 49 treatments mentioned plus other progenies not considered in this article, with single tree plots and 40 replicates. Two years later the circumference at breast height (CBH) and the basic wood density (BWD) were evaluated. The hybrids performance for CBH was higher, an average, 38,7% than the OP progenies for both species. Part of the heterosis in relation to parental means could be attributed to the inbreeding depression due to selfing that occurred in the OP progenies and the dominance controlling this character. For the BWD the hybrids performance was the same of the OP progenies. Since there was divergence between the parents, it can be inferred that dominance has no importance for this trait. The negative correlation between the CBH and the BWD could impair the simultaneous selection for both traits, depending on the wood basic density range used by the industry.

Revisiting the transition between juvenile and mature wood: a comparison of fibre length, microfibril angle and relative wood density in lodgepole pine

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Mansfield ◽  
Roberta Parish ◽  
C. Mario Di Lucca ◽  
James Goudie ◽  
Kyu-Young Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Fibre Traits

AbstractIn an attempt to examine the dynamic inter-relationship among wood density and fibre traits [tracheid length and microfibril angle (MFA)] in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), 60 trees were sampled in three age classes from four sites in central British Columbia. Breast height discs were taken and relative wood density was measured along two radii. Tracheid length was assessed on isolated 5-year increments from pith to bark at breast height for each tree. MFA was determined every 50 μm and the 5-mm composite intervals from pith to bark per disc at breast height were used in the analysis. Segmented regression was employed to identify the “juvenile to mature wood” transition point, which revealed transition ages of 31, 18 and 15 for wood density, fibre length and MFA, respectively. These traits were related to primary growth, expressed as area increment, ring width, percent earlywood and height increment during the juvenile wood phase. Comparisons of wood and fibre traits showed a higher congruence between the time of transitions for fibre length and MFA (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.52) than that between fibre length and wood density (0.07), and MFA and wood density (0.16). The cessation of early rapid radial increment growth terminated before wood and fibre transitions to mature wood occurred. Fibre length was significantly, but not strongly, related to ring width and percent earlywood (0.35 for both). The duration of juvenile fibre production was not significantly related to height growth.

Genetic control of kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond J. Stackpole ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes ◽  
Christopher E. Harwood ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Economic Worth

Pulp yield is an important breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus Labill., but evaluation of its genetic control and genetic correlations with other traits has been limited by its high assessment cost. We used near infrared spectroscopy to study genetic variation in pulp yield and other traits in a 16-year-old E. globulus trial. Pulp yield was predicted for 2165 trees from 467 open-pollinated families from 17 geographic subraces. Significant differences between subraces and between families within subraces were detected for all traits. The high pulp yield of southern Tasmanian subraces suggested that their economic worth was previously underestimated. The narrow-sense heritability of pulp yield was medium (0.40). The significant positive genetic correlation between pulp yield and diameter (0.52) was at odds with the generally neutral values reported. The average of the reported genetic correlations between pulp yield and basic density (0.50) was also at odds with our nonsignificant estimate. Pulp yield of the subraces increased with increasing latitude, producing a negative correlation with density (–0.58). The absence of genetic correlations within subraces between pulp yield and density suggests that the correlation may be an independent response of the two traits to the same or different selection gradients that vary with latitude.

Influence of Age on Selected Anatomical Properties of Populus Clones

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Peszlen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Populus Euramericana ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Age

Anatomieal properties of three Euramerican hybrid poplar [Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier] clones, the Italian 'I-214' and the Hungarian 'Kopecky' and 'Koltay', were investigated. Six trees from each clone were sampled from plantations (aged 15 and 10 years) at two sites in Hungary. Disks were removed at breast height from each tree to study the effect of age on variation of anatomical properties. Along the eastern radius, vesscl and fibre parameters were measured for each growth ring using an image analyser.

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