Wood Structural Diversity among Himalayan Rhododendron

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Suzuki ◽  
Hideaki Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Perforation Plates

The wood anatomy of nine species of Himalayan Rhododendron is compared. All share the characters: growth rings present, but indistinct; pores evenly distributed, numerous; intervessel pits alternate; perforation plates scalariform with 10 to 30 bars; wood parenchyma diffuse or diffuse-in-aggregates; rays heterogeneous uniseriate and multiseriate. However, pore size, occurrence of spiral thickenings and frequency of multi seriate rays are variable among the species studied. Our investigation shows that these characters vary according to the habit of plants. The woods of trees have wider vessels, distinct spirals in both vessels and fibre-tracheids, and numerous multiseriate rays, while those of shrubs have narrower vessels with indistinct or restricted spirals and less frequent multiseriate rays.

Structural diversity of the wood of temperate species of Acacia s.s. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Whinder ◽  
Kerri L. Clarke ◽  
Nigel W. M. Warwick ◽  
Peter E. Gasson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Perforation Plates

Acacia s.s. comprises approximately 1020 species (i.e. just under one-third of all mimosoid legumes) and is almost entirely restricted to, although widespread, on the Australian continent. We investigated variation in the wood anatomy of 12 species from temperate New South Wales in a study concentrating on four recognised taxonomic sections (Botrycephalae, Juliflorae, Phyllodineae and Plurinerves), to elucidate which characteristics are consistent within the sections, having removed climatic effect as much as possible. The sections had great utility in species identification, whereas none of the wood characters reflected the hypothesised phylogeny of the genus. The main consistent difference among species was in ray width (uniseriate versus 1–3 cells wide). All species had distinct growth rings. The vessels had alternate vestured pitting and simple perforation plates. Fibres were generally thick-walled, and many fibres had a gelatinous inner wall (tension wood fibres) and were inconsistently distributed. Axial parenchyma was mainly paratracheal, ranging from vasicentric to confluent and varied greatly in abundance. Prismatic crystals were usually present in chambered fibres and axial parenchyma strands, and also varied in abundance. The variation in these qualitative characters obscures taxonomic differences, but may allow inferences to be made about environmental adaptation.

ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE WOOD ANATOMY OF SOME BRAZILIAN SPECIES. 1. GROWTH RINGS AND VESSELS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenise Segala Alves ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy-Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Brazilian Flora ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings ◽  
Special Arrangement

Some ecological trends based on wood were established in woody florulas of several regions in Brazil. Growth rings and qualitative vessel features were analysed in trees belonging to the 22 most representative families of the Brazilian flora, including 133 genera, 491 species and 686 specimens. Some ecological trends were statistically proven by Pearsonʼs Standardised Residues. The presence of growth rings was associated with seasonal environments. Vessels tended to show special arrangement patterns at higher latitudes and in environments affected by thermal seasonality. Vessels in multiples were more common in environments that were seasonal for temperature and humidity. Although not statistically significant, there is a trend for multiple perforation plates and helical thickenings to be most common in higher latitudes and colder environments. Overall, the results for Brazilian species are compatible with trends established by other authors for other floras and /or taxa.

WOOD ANATOMY OF MYRCIARIA, NEOMITRANTHES, PLINIA AND SIPHONEUGENA SPECIES (MYRTEAE, MYRTACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel U.C.A. Santos ◽  
Cátia H. Callado ◽  
Marcelo da Costa Souza ◽  
Cecilia G. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Fruit Characters

Myrciaria, Neomitranthes, Plinia and Siphoneugena are closely related genera whose circumscriptions are controversial. The distinctions between Myrciaria vs. Plinia, and Neomitranthes vs. Siphoneugena, have been based on a few fruit characters. The wood anatomy of 24 species of these genera was examined to determine if wood anatomical features could help delimit the genera. It was determined the four genera cannot reliably be separated by wood anatomy alone. Characteristics seen in all four genera are: growth rings usually poorly-defined; diffuse porous; exclusively solitary vessels, usually circular to oval in outline; simple perforation plates; vessel-ray pits alternate and distinctly bordered; fibers with distinctly bordered pits in radial and tangential walls, usually very thickwalled; vasicentric tracheids typically absent; scanty paratracheal parenchyma, sometimes unilateral, and diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates; chambered crystalliferous axial parenchyma in many species, usually both prismatic and smaller crystals; rays 1–4-seriate, uniseriate rays composed of upright/square cells, multiseriate rays with procumbent body cells and 1 to many marginal rows of upright/square cells; disjunctive ray parenchyma cells usually present.

Wood Anatomy of the Bignoniaceae, with a Comparison of Trees and Lianas

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gasson ◽  
David R. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Xylem Anatomy ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Helical Thickenings ◽  
Anomalous Growth

The secondary xylem anatomy of trees and lianas was compared in the family Bignoniaceae. General descriptions of the family and the six woody tribes are provided. Lianas belong to the tribes Bignonieae, Tecomeae and Schlegelieae, and most have ve.ssels of two distinct diameters, many vessels per unit area, large intervascular pits, septate fibres, large heterocellular rays often of two distinct sizes, scanty paratracheal and vasicentric axial parenchyma and anomalous growth. Conversely, trees, which belong to the tribes Coleeae, Crescentieae, Oroxyleae and Tecomeae generally have narrower vessels in one diameter class, fewer vessels per unit area, smaller intervascular pits, non-septate fibres, small homocellular rays, scanty paratracheal, aliform or confluent parenchyma, and none exhibits anomalous growth. The majority of both trees and Hanas possess growth rings, are diffuse-porous, have non-solitary vessels which lack helical thickenings, and few have apotracheal parenchyma or storied structure. All species have alternate intervascular pitting and simple perforation plates.

WOOD ANATOMY OF ACALYPHOIDEAE (EUPHORBIACEAE)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Hayden ◽  
Sheila M. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

Via LM and SEM, we studied wood structure of 51 genera representing 19 tribes of Acalyphoideae, the largest subfamily of Euphorbiaceae. Many acalyphoid woods possess the following features: growth rings indistinct or weakly defined; pores evenly distributed; simple perforation plates (but admixture of irregular scalariform plates common); alternate intervessel pits; vessel-ray pits larger than intervessel pits, circular to elongate and alternate to irregular; thin to moderately thick-walled non-septate fibre-tracheids or libriform wood fibres; parenchyma distribution diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates, and scanty paratracheal, sometimes in thin-tangential bands; heterocellular rays seldom more than 3 cells wide; and prismatic crystals in parenchyma and /or ray cells. Within this syndrome, a number of other wood characters also occur but at lower frequency. For the most part, the unusual features have not proven systematically informative at the tribal level. Presence of lysigenous radial canals, however, supports recognition of tribe Alchorneae. Wood data do not support the segregation of Peraceae and Pandaceae from subfamily Acalyphoideae.

scholarly journals Comparative wood anatomy of Korean Viburnum L. (Adoxaceae) and its taxonomic implication

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Dong Chan Son ◽  
Beom Kyun Park ◽  
Seung-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Comparative wood anatomy of Viburnum was carried out to understand the differences in wood features amongst the species which might be useful for taxonomic discrimination in the genus. Altogether, nine taxa belonging to five clades were investigated using a sliding microtome and light microscopy. The growth rings are well represented and earlywood and latewood are distinguishable in cross-section. Some of the important wood features include angular, oval and rounded vessels with scalariform perforation plates, opposite to scalariform inter-vessel pitting, rounded pits with slit-like apertures, thick-walled xylem tracheids with simple, rounded bordered pits, diffuse axial parenchyma, uni- and multiseriate rays, 2–4 cells wide. In general, there is a remarkable uniformity in the qualitative wood features in Viburnum species, although quantitative measurement showed some disparities. The most significant quantitative wood variables which might be useful for taxonomic groupings of the species comprise a frequency of vessels and rays, the diameter of the vessels and tracheids in the radial and tangential planes and height and width of rays in the tangential plane.

Comparative wood anatomy of Eucryphia wilkiei and E. jinksii (Cunoniaceae): two narrow endemics from Queensland, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Imogen Poole ◽  
Richard W. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Narrow Endemics ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Comparative Wood Anatomy

Qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical data are given for two narrow Queensland endemic Eucryphia species, E. wilkiei B.Hyland and Eucryphia jinksii P.I.Forst. Comparisons of wood anatomy of all extant Eucryphia taxa show that E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are distinct from each other, and other Eucryphia species. However, for both species characters relating to perforation plates, helical thickening (E. wilkiei only) and fibres are shared with the South American species, whereas the presence of crystals in the axial parenchyma is shared only with the Australian species. These data suggest that, based on wood anatomy, E. jinksii and E. wilkiei are basal among Australian species.

First report of reticulate perforation plates in the Melastomataceae

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
José Fernando A. Baumgratz ◽  
Ricardo Cardoso Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
First Report ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the occurrence of reticulate perforation plates in Melastomataceae is reported. They were discovered in the course of a study of the wood anatomy of the tribe Microlicieae. The occurrence and frequency of the types of plates are discussed with respect to their structure, function, and environment. The reticulate perforation plates seem to be the result of parallel evolution. Some speculations are offered about their possible adaptive value.

scholarly journals PREVISÕES TECNOLÓGICAS NA MADEIRA DE QUATRO FOLHOSAS NEOTROPICAIS: UMA ANÁLISE SOB ENFOQUE ANATÔMICO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Talita Baldin ◽  
Maiara Talgatti ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori ◽  
Amanda Grassmann Da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Black Forest ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Wood Technology ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Radial Arrangement

Baseando-se na descrição anatômica de três espécies de Calycophyllum, sendo elas Calycophyllum candidissimum, Calycophyllum multiflorum e Calycophyllum spruceanum e uma variedade Calycophyllum spruceanum f. brasiliensis, pretende-se inferir sobre o comportamento da madeira, e, ao mesmo tempo atribuir, ainda que empiricamente, um uso adequado ao material. As amostras analisadas são provenientes de diferentes instituições científicas, tais como o Jodrell Laboratory (Kew Gardens, Londres), o Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT) e a Universidade alemã Black Forest Academy (BFA). Para a obtenção de lâminas histológicas e de macerado utilizou-se respectivamente, a técnica padrão e o método de Franklin modificado. As descrições anatômicas seguiram as recomendações do IAWA Committee. As espécies compartilham os seguintes caracteres: anéis de crescimento distintos; poros em arranjo radial e de paredes espessas; porosidade difusa; placas de perfuração simples; pontoações intervasculares pequenas, ornamentadas; parênquima axial ausente; raios heterocelulares; e fibras libriformes septadas, de comprimento médio, com paredes delgadas a espessas. É pressuposto que as características anatômicas do lenho das espécies investigadas, conferem à madeira uma alta massa específica, resistência a esforços mecânicos, alta contração volumétrica, permeabilidade e boa durabilidade natural.Palavra-chave: tecnologia da madeira, anatomia do lenho, Rubiaceae. TECHNOLOGICAL PREDICTIONS ON THE WOOD OF FOUR AMAZONIAN HARDWOOD:  AN EVALUATION UNDER ANATOMIC APPROACH ABSTRACT:Based on the anatomic description of three species of Calycophyllum being them Calycophyllum candidissimum, Calycophyllum multiflorum and Calycophyllum spruceanum and one variety of Calycophyllum spruceanum f. brasiliensis, it is intended to infer the wood performance, and assign a proper use to the material, even though empirically. The studied samples come from different scientific institutions, such as Jodrell Laboratory (Kew Gardens, London), Institute for Technological Research (São Paulo, Brazil) and the Black Forest Academy (BFA), Germany. To obtain histological slides and from macerated, the standard technique and the modified Franklin method were used, respectively. The anatomic descriptions followed the IAWA Committee recommendations. The species have the followings characteristics in common: distinct growth rings; pores in radial arrangement and thick walls; diffuse porosity; simple perforation plates; pits small intervessel, ornamented; absent axial parenchyma; heterocell rays; and libriform chambered fiber, medium length, with thin and thick walls. It is assumed that the anatomical characteristics of the wood of the investigated species, confer the wood a high specific mass, resistance to mechanical stress, hight shrinkage, permeability and good natural durability.Keywords: wood technology, wood anatomy, Rubiaceae. DOI:

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Microscopic Anatomy ◽  
Physiological Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of general, macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of Colletia paradoxa (Spreng.) Escalante, an aphyllous and xerophilous shrub from Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Pores of very small diameter, very short vessel elements, spiral thickenings and simple perforation plates in vessels, non sptate libriform fibers, scanty paratracheal axial paranchyma, and Heterogeneous II rays were observed in the wood.. Perforated cells are also common in rays. The presence of perforated ray cells and anatomical features of the vessel elements are discussed with respect to eco-physiological aspect of the plant and wood anatomy literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document