Characterization of ground parenchyma cells in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis–Poaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Caiping Lian ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Shuqin Zhang ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Quantitative Basis

Abstract Ground parenchyma cells play a crucial role in the growth and the mechanical properties of bamboo plants. Investigation of the morphology of ground parenchyma cells is essential for understanding the physiological functions andmechanical properties of these cells. This study aimed to characterize the anatomical structure of bamboo ground parenchyma cells and provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for the more effective utilization of bamboo. To do this, the morphology of ground parenchyma cells in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) was studied using light microscopy and field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results show that various geometric shapes of ground parenchyma cells were observed, including nearly circular, square, long, oval, and irregular shapes. Cell walls of both long and short parenchyma cells exhibited primary wall thickening and secondary wall thickening, resulting in a primary pit field and simple pits. Most long cells were strip-shaped (L/W = 2.52), while most short cells were short and wide (L/W = 0.59). The proportion of long cells was 11 times greater than that of short cells. Most long cells were filled with starch grains, and some short cells also occasionally had starch grains. These findings allowed the first construction of the three-dimensional structure of parenchyma cells.

scholarly journals Wet-STEM Tomography: Principles, Potentialities and Limitations

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Masenelli-Varlot ◽  
Annie Malchère ◽  
José Ferreira ◽  
Hamed Heidari Mezerji ◽  
Sara Bals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Specific Device

AbstractThe characterization of biological and inorganic materials by determining their three-dimensional structure in conditions closer to their native state is a major challenge of technological research. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides access to the observation of hydrated samples in water environments. Here, we present a specific device for ESEM in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, allowing the acquisition of tilt-series suitable for tomographic reconstructions. The resolution which can be obtained with this device is first determined. Then, we demonstrate the feasibility of tomography on wet materials. The example studied here is hydrophilic mesoporous silica (MCM-41). Finally, the minimum thickness of water which can be detected is calculated from Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the resolution expected in the tomograms.

Uncovering the ultrastructure of ramiform pits in the parenchyma cells of bamboo [Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) J. Houz.]

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiping Lian ◽  
Shuqin Zhang ◽  
Xianmiao Liu ◽  
Junji Luo ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Vascular Parenchyma ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Important Evidence

AbstractPits are the main transverse channels of intercellular liquid transport in bamboo. Ramiform pits are a special type of simple pit with two or more branches. However, little is known about the morphology and physiological functions of ramiform pits. The anatomy of plants can provide important evidence for the role of cells. To better understand the ultrastructure and the structure-function relationship of ramiform pits, their characteristics need to be investigated. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative features of ramiform pits were studied using field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy (FE-ESEM). The samples included the native structures and the replica structures obtained by resin castings. The results show that the ramiform pits have a diverse morphology that can be divided into main categories: type I (the primary branches) and type II (the secondary branches). The distribution of ramiform pits is different in ground parenchyma cells (GPCs) and vascular parenchyma cells (VPCs). The number, the pit aperture diameter and the pit canal length of ramiform pits in the VPCs were, respectively, greater (3-fold), larger (2–3-fold) and shorter (1.3-fold) than those in the GPCs.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of dirigent-jacalin genes from plant chimeric lectins in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248318
Author(s):  
Ruifang Ma ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Jialu Chen ◽  
Zhinuo Huang ◽  
Peiyao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Plant Lectins ◽  
J Proteins

Dirigent-jacalin (D-J) genes belong to the plant chimeric lectin family, and play vital roles in plant growth and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. To explore the functions of the D-J family in the growth and development of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene and protein structures, and expression patterns were analyzed in detail. Four putative PeD-J genes were identified in the Moso bamboo genome, and microsynteny and phylogenetic analyses indicated that they represent a new branch in the evolution of plant lectins. PeD-J proteins were found to be composed of a dirigent domain and a jacalin-related lectin domain, each of which contained two different motifs. Multiple sequence alignment and homologous modeling analysis indicated that the three-dimensional structure of the PeD-J proteins was significantly different compared to other plant lectins, primarily due to the tandem dirigent and jacalin domains. We surveyed the upstream putative promoter regions of the PeD-Js and found that they mainly contained cis-acting elements related to hormone and abiotic stress response. An analysis of the expression patterns of root, leaf, rhizome and panicle revealed that four PeD-J genes were highly expressed in the panicle, indicating that they may be required during the formation and development of several different tissue types in Moso bamboo. Moreover, PeD-J genes were shown to be involved in the rapid growth and development of bamboo shoots. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT PCR) assays further verified that D-J family genes were responsive to hormones and stresses. The results of this study will help to elucidate the biological functions of PeD-Js during bamboo growth, development and stress response.

Characterization of the pits in parenchyma cells of the moso bamboo [Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) J. Houz.] culm

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiping Lian ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Cheng Xiufang ◽  
Shuqing Zhang ◽  
Junji Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Vascular Parenchyma ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract The pits on parenchyma cell walls facilitate transfer of liquids between adjacent cells in the bamboo. To better understand the structure-function relationship of the pits, the structural characteristics of the pits in bamboo parenchyma cells need to be investigated. In this study, the pit structures were studied by field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples included the native structure and the replica structure via resin castings. The results showed that the parenchyma cells possessed various shapes and the pits were diverse. Parenchyma cells exposed both simple and bordered pits. Pitting between vascular parenchyma cells (VPCs) was similar to that of the metaxylem vessel. In particular, a branched pit structure was found for the first time in the parenchyma cell.

Impact of hygrothermal treatment on the physical properties and chemical composition of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiming Feng ◽  
Yanhui Huang ◽  
Cuiyin Ye ◽  
Benhua Fei ◽  
Shumin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Dense Structure ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽  
Hygrothermal Treatment

AbstractNatural bamboo is rapidly replacing wood, but it is highly hygroscopic and has poor dimensional stability. Herein, Moso bamboo was subjected to hygrothermal treatment at different temperatures. The hydrophobicity and dimensional stability of bamboo increased, as indicated by the 16.5% decrease in volumetric swelling and three-fold increase in the contact angle at 220 °C. The fibers and parenchyma cells delaminated, and pores appeared after treatment at 200 °C. These changes were attributed to the significant degradation of hemicelluloses. The acetyl groups of hemicelluloses decomposed into acetic acid. The apparent crystallinity of cellulose increased mainly due to the reduced hemicellulose content. Furthermore, a breakage of xylan and β-O-4 bonds was observed, and S units were condensed after treatment at 220 °C. In addition, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio showed more than a five-fold increase, while associated ferulic acid decreased after hygrothermal treatment, indicating that the dense structure of the cell walls was broken. These data were used to propose a mechanism for changes in the bamboo cell walls during hygrothermal treatment. This simple and environmentally-friendly approach holds great potential for use in high-humidity environments.

The Development and Performance Evaluation of Green Cross-Linked Movable Gel

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Xia Li ◽  
Guang Hua Wen ◽  
Jian Jun Yang ◽  
Jian Guo Li ◽  
Yang Fan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
And Performance

Through laboratory experiments, a green cross-linked movable gel has been developed, which has been used for reservoir profile modification. The main agent of gel is hydrophobic associating polymer, concentration is 3000mg/L; the cross-linking agent is Aluminum citrate from complex of Aluminum ion and citric acid root ion. The best molar ratio of aluminum ions and citrate ions is 1.5:1 in complex reaction, the amount is 140mg/L; the retarder is tartaric acid sodium, the amount is 150mg/L; The stabilizer is thiourea, the amount is 800mg/L; The strength of the green cross-linked movable gel is 3.12×104mPa.s, gelling time 36h, Stable time 160d; It is suitable for low-temperature reservoir profile modification, and salt resistance is good. Laboratory experiments show that the green cross-linked movable gel have strong plugging capacity and improving profile ability. The green cross-linked movable gel has strong three dimensional network structure, which be observed through the environmental scanning electron microscopy.

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