The Development and Performance Evaluation of Green Cross-Linked Movable Gel

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 610-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Xia Li ◽  
Guang Hua Wen ◽  
Jian Jun Yang ◽  
Jian Guo Li ◽  
Yang Fan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
And Performance

Through laboratory experiments, a green cross-linked movable gel has been developed, which has been used for reservoir profile modification. The main agent of gel is hydrophobic associating polymer, concentration is 3000mg/L; the cross-linking agent is Aluminum citrate from complex of Aluminum ion and citric acid root ion. The best molar ratio of aluminum ions and citrate ions is 1.5:1 in complex reaction, the amount is 140mg/L; the retarder is tartaric acid sodium, the amount is 150mg/L; The stabilizer is thiourea, the amount is 800mg/L; The strength of the green cross-linked movable gel is 3.12×104mPa.s, gelling time 36h, Stable time 160d; It is suitable for low-temperature reservoir profile modification, and salt resistance is good. Laboratory experiments show that the green cross-linked movable gel have strong plugging capacity and improving profile ability. The green cross-linked movable gel has strong three dimensional network structure, which be observed through the environmental scanning electron microscopy.

Characterization of ground parenchyma cells in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis–Poaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Caiping Lian ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Shuqin Zhang ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
Zhihui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Phyllostachys Edulis ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Quantitative Basis

Abstract Ground parenchyma cells play a crucial role in the growth and the mechanical properties of bamboo plants. Investigation of the morphology of ground parenchyma cells is essential for understanding the physiological functions andmechanical properties of these cells. This study aimed to characterize the anatomical structure of bamboo ground parenchyma cells and provide a qualitative and quantitative basis for the more effective utilization of bamboo. To do this, the morphology of ground parenchyma cells in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) was studied using light microscopy and field-emission environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results show that various geometric shapes of ground parenchyma cells were observed, including nearly circular, square, long, oval, and irregular shapes. Cell walls of both long and short parenchyma cells exhibited primary wall thickening and secondary wall thickening, resulting in a primary pit field and simple pits. Most long cells were strip-shaped (L/W = 2.52), while most short cells were short and wide (L/W = 0.59). The proportion of long cells was 11 times greater than that of short cells. Most long cells were filled with starch grains, and some short cells also occasionally had starch grains. These findings allowed the first construction of the three-dimensional structure of parenchyma cells.

scholarly journals Wet-STEM Tomography: Principles, Potentialities and Limitations

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Masenelli-Varlot ◽  
Annie Malchère ◽  
José Ferreira ◽  
Hamed Heidari Mezerji ◽  
Sara Bals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Specific Device

AbstractThe characterization of biological and inorganic materials by determining their three-dimensional structure in conditions closer to their native state is a major challenge of technological research. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides access to the observation of hydrated samples in water environments. Here, we present a specific device for ESEM in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, allowing the acquisition of tilt-series suitable for tomographic reconstructions. The resolution which can be obtained with this device is first determined. Then, we demonstrate the feasibility of tomography on wet materials. The example studied here is hydrophilic mesoporous silica (MCM-41). Finally, the minimum thickness of water which can be detected is calculated from Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the resolution expected in the tomograms.

Physical and performance characteristics of nonwoven aviation wipers composed of various staple fibers including raw cotton

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198-1217
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Hron ◽  
Doug J Hinchliffe ◽  
Michael S Cintrón ◽  
Terri Von Hoven ◽  
Crista A Madison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Silicone Grease ◽  
Aviation Maintenance ◽  
Nonwoven Materials ◽  
Cotton Sample ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
And Performance

Several nonwoven materials were evaluated as candidates for wipe fabrics intended for sensitive applications, namely aviation maintenance. Wipes designed for this purpose must conform to specific guidelines delineated by the appropriate governing bodies. Fabric selections included both synthetic and natural staple fibers such as polyester, Lyocell and raw cotton varieties. A thorough evaluation of extractable material in an array of solvents revealed that cotton-based nonwovens as well as Lyocell have some of the lowest percentages of leachable solids. The resistance of these fabrics to abrasion and the damage incurred by them was also studied. Environmental scanning electron microscopy taken before and after the linting procedure showed that the greige cotton sample demonstrated some of the least damage. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy examinations of hexane extracts confirmed the absence of any silicone grease contamination on the wipes materials. Standardized tensile testing indicated that the cotton samples, especially mechanically cleaned greige cotton, have robust tensile properties that are important characteristics for wiping materials. These results indicate that cotton nonwovens, particularly greige cotton, are promising candidates for the development of future aviation and other wipes materials.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Performance of Functionalized α-Zirconium Phosphate Modified with Octadecyl Isocyanate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Han ◽  
Qingyuan Chen ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Shang Yu ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Phosphate ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrophobically Modified ◽  
And Performance

The α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and hydrophobically modified α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP-I) were prepared. The grafting of octadecyl isocyanate was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of α-ZrP-I was studied by environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wettability of α-ZrP-I was determined by Kruss DSA30. Then, the effects of decompression and augmented injection of α-ZrP-I have been studied. The results of water flooding experiments show that the appropriate concentration of α-ZrP-I has an effect on the decrease of the water injection pressure.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Hierarchical Multilayer Poly(Glycerol Sebacate Urethane) Scaffolds Based on Ice-Templating

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5004
Author(s):  
Andreas Samourides ◽  
Andreas Anayiotos ◽  
Konstantinos Kapnisis ◽  
Zacharoula Xenou ◽  
Vanessa Hearnden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dimensional Cell ◽  
Ice Templating

In this study, it was demonstrated that ice-templating via freeze drying with custom-made moulds, in combination with air brushing, allows for the fabrication of poly(glycerol sebacate urethane) (PGSU) scaffolds with hierarchical multilayer microstructures to replicate various native soft tissues. The PGSU scaffolds were either monolayered but exhibited an anisotropic microstructure, or bilayered and trilayered, with each layer showing different microstructures. By using freeze drying with custom-made moulds, the ice crystals of the solvent were grown unidirectionally, and after freeze-drying, the scaffolds had an anisotropic microstructure, mimicking tissues such as tendon and skeletal muscle. The anisotropic PGSU scaffolds were also examined for their tensile strength, and a range of mechanical properties were obtained by altering the reactants’ molar ratio and polymer concentration. This is of importance, since soft tissues exhibit different mechanical properties depending on their native location and functionality. By combining freeze drying with airbrushing, scaffolds were fabricated with a thin, non-porous layer on top of the porous layers to allow three-dimensional cell co-culture for tissues such as skin and oral mucosa. These results show that fabrication techniques can be combined to produce PGSU scaffolds with tailored hierarchical microstructures and mechanical properties for multiple tissue engineering applications.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

Detector strategies for environmental scanning electron microscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1296-1297
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Surface Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Detector Electrode ◽  
Electrons And Ions ◽  
Low Energy Electrons ◽  
Environmental Sem

Environmental SEM operate at specimen chamber pressures of ∼20 torr (2.7 kPa) allowing stabilization of liquid water at room temperature, working on rugged insulators, and generation of an environmental secondary electron (ESE) signal. All signals available in conventional high vacuum instruments are also utilized in the environmental SEM, including BSE, SE, absorbed current, CL, and X-ray. In addition, the ESEM allows utilization of the flux of charge carriers as information, providing exciting new signal modes not available to BSE imaging or to conventional high vacuum SEM.In the ESEM, at low vacuum, SE electrons are collected with a “gaseous detector”. This detector collects low energy electrons (and ions) with biased wires or plates similar to those used in early high vacuum SEM for SE detection. The detector electrode can be integrated into the first PLA or positioned at any other place resulting in a versatile system that provides a variety of surface information.

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