Why the Global Labor Movement is in Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

Abstract One of the great paradoxes of the current era is that the world working class continues to grow, while at the same time many labor movements are experiencing a crisis. How can we explain this paradox? The global simultaneity of the crisis suggests that the failure of individual organizational leaderships is not the main cause, but that more general factors play an important role. The article argues and attemps to partly explain why the first wave of founding workers‘ organizations (mainly in the North, from the 1860s until the 1920s) was not repeated elsewhere after World War ii; and why many movements in the North declined since the 1980s.

A Fontana de Lutécia: Contos Virais

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Alves de Paiva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
World War ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
The Village ◽  
Water Spring

A fictional book with five short stories that address the main pandemics in the world. The first story takes place in Ancient Greece, in 428 BC at the time of the Peloponnesian War. Tavros, the main character flees the plague by traveling to Gaul and discovers a mysterious water spring near the village of the Parisii. In AD 166, when Rome, is devasted by the plague, Marcus Aurelius sends out soldiers to the North. One of them, Lucius, arrives in the region of Lutecia and finds the same fountain that Tavros had been to. The water from this spring gives him strength to escape from the persecution of Christians and Jews. In his old age, Lucius becomes a Church elder and writes letters. One of them was read, many centuries later, by a Franciscan Parisian monk during the Middle Ages, who decides to pilgrimage to Jerusalem but is surprised by the Black Death. Back home, he is saved by the water spring, builds an orphanage and has his life converted into a book - which is red by a young journalist who takes the ship Demerara with his fiancée to Brazil in order to avoid the World War I, the Spanish flu and some Russian spies. The last story is about a Brazilian professor, called Lucius Felipe who, in 2019, travels to Paris to develop his postdoctoral studies. Unfortunately he has to return to Brazil due to the COVID-19 pandemic. But not before having visited Lutetia’s fountain and felt its power and the memories it holds.

Predecessors & consequences of a tragedy: May 28 – June 01, 1945 Drau massacre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дж. Кумук
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Life Story ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
World War ◽  
Adolf Hitler ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Simple Question

В статье рассматривается национальное и общественно-политическое противостояние северокавказских горцев большевистскому нашествию, проявившееся в антисоветской борьбе горской интеллигенции в европейских столицах в межвоенный период, массовом убийстве тысяч ни в чем не повинных людей в долине Драу в 1945 году, трагической истории жизни одного из беженцев по имени Черим Сообцоков, пережившего мировую войну, а также в экстрадиции и казнях сталинского режима. В конце концов, мы зададим себе простой вопрос: кто из них был худшим из зол? Иосиф Сталин или Адольф Гитлер? И при каких условиях их жертвы могут считаться преступниками только потому, что они надеялись на помощь одного из них, чтобы избежать угрозы, исходящей от другого? The article examines the related national and socio-political resistance of the North Caucasian highlanders against the Bolshevik invasion embodied with the experiences of the anti-Soviet struggle of Mountain intelligentsia in European capitals during the interwar period, the massacre of thousands of innocent people in the Drau valley in 1945, and the tragic life story of an individual refugee named Tscherim Soobzokov, who survived the world war and the extradition to Stalinist execution. In the end, we ask a simple question to ourselves; Which one was more evil? Joseph Stalin or Adolf Hitler? And, in what circumstances should their victims can be considered as criminals just because they believed help from either of them to avoid the danger caused by the other?

scholarly journals Class Formation and the Labor Movement as the Subject of Dialectic Social History

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (S1) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Hartmut Zwahr ◽  
Donah Geyer ◽  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
The First World War ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
First World

As an introduction to this essay, three points need to be made. First, the European labor movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, on which we focus here, were part of bourgeois society. Secondly, they were a factor that challenged bourgeois society and thus contributed in several different ways to its change. Thirdly, as a result of this interaction, the labor movements themselves underwent changes. All of those were lasting changes. The systemic changes, imposed by revolutionary or military force, that accompanied the experiment in socialism, were not. In countries where the labor movement pursued socialist aims prior to the First World War on the crumbling foundations of a primarily pre-bourgeois society, such as in eastern and south-eastern Europe, it was the most radical force behind political democratization and modernization (Russia; Russian Poland: the Kingdom of Poland, Bulgaria). But it could not compensate for the society's evident lack of basic civic development, whereas the socialist experiment in Soviet Russia led not only to the demise of democratization but also to a halt of embourgeoisement.

The Temple of Zeus at Cyrene

1958 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 30-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Goodchild ◽  
J. M. Reynolds ◽  
C. J. Herington
Keyword(s):  
North African ◽  
World War ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Cyrene's largest religious building, the great Temple of Zeus on the north-eastern hill of the city, has been the subject of several explorations. Its cella was partially dug out by Smith and Porcher in 1861, and was completely cleared of soil by the late Giacomo Guidi in 1926, in the excavation which brought to light the famous head of Zeus, pieced together from over a hundred fragments. Then, in the years 1939–1942, fuller work was carried out by Dr. Gennaro Pesce, who published a detailed report with admirable promptness. Despite the interruptions caused by the North African campaigns of the World War, Pesce was able to clear the greater part of the Temple and its fallen peristasis. At the conclusion of his work only the opisthodomos remained unexcavated, although much fallen stone still encumbered the pronaos and the eastern portico.

scholarly journals Workers Who Benefit from the Exploitation of Other Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-239
Author(s):  
Marcel Van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Global South ◽  
The South ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Real ◽  
The North ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
The World ◽  
Wage Earners

Often, all too often, global working-class solidarity remains fragile, conditional or fails to be realized in practice, whatever the lofty rhetoric may be. The present paper explores one possible explanation: workers in the North profit from the exploitation of workers in the South through cheap commodities and services, and additional job opportunities. For example, wage-earners in the North can buy T-shirts so advantageously because their real wages are much higher than the real wages of labourers in the Global South. This is what I would like to call a relational inequality within the world working class: some workers are better off because other workers are worse off. The paper presents a very tentative historical outline of global relational inequality since the 1830s.

Rolling Thunder and Linebacker Campaigns: The North Vietnamese View

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-230
Author(s):  
Merle L. Pribbenow
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Desert Storm ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
Iraqi Freedom

AbstractNorth Vietnam has the dubious distinction of having more combat experience against U.S. air power than any other nation in the world. Rolling Thunder, the first U.S. bombing campaign against North Vietnam (1965–68), lasted longer than U.S. air operations in Europe during World War II. When one adds the 1972 Linebacker air campaign against North Vietnam and the almost nine-year bombing campaign against the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos, only Iraq, with the air campaigns of Operations Desert Storm and Iraqi Freedom book-ending a twelve-year (1991–2003), low-intensity confrontation against U.S. aircraft over the no fly zones, faced U.S. air attacks longer. The air battles over Iraq, however, cannot be compared with the battles fought in the skies over North Vietnam. During the course of the war, more than 1,100 U.S. fixed wing aircraft were lost in combat operations.

scholarly journals A New Science for a Post-Frontier World

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Donald Worster
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
World War ◽  
World War One ◽  
American Frontier ◽  
New Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World

The driving force behind the North American frontier were waves of economic migrants from Europe and their offspring, competing against the indigenous people and eventually replacing them. But those waves were backed up by the power of the American and Canadian nation states, with their well-armed military, their well funded railroads, and other technology and capital. Science too was initially on the side of the invaders. But after World War One that frontier began to run out of free, abundant land. Then began what I will call a “post-frontier” science, especially ecological in content, that represented a very different attitude toward the white man’s conquest. Scientists like Frederick Clements, John C. Weaver, Paul Sears, and Stan Rowe, all natives to the Great Plains, laid the foundations for what is now a powerful critique of frontier agriculture. This article aims to summarize that critique briefly but focus mainly on the more recent work of Wes Jackson, founder and longtime president of the Land Institute. He has strongly criticized the frontier ethos for its the lack of understanding of the native ecology of the grasslands. In its place he has offered a vision of “perennial polyculture,” using nature as a model for agriculture in an era of limits. That model has not only been making a growing impact on American thinking but has now spread to other continents. Will the end of this frontier cycle and scientific reappraisal turn out to be what Jackson calls a “new agriculture,” one based on learning from the past and one that can change farming all over the world?

scholarly journals Church and world after the Second Vatican Council

2013 ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Petro Yarotskiy
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
Second World

Cathedrals of the Catholic Church, as a rule, are gathering at the turning points of the development of the world and the life of the Church. II Vatican Council took place after the curves of the second drama of humanity in the Second World War, in the conditions of the post-war split of the world, first of all in Europe, in two opposing camps and the establishment of totalitarian regimes in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, the collapse of the colonial system and the appearance on the political map of the world (first of all in Africa and Asia) of young independent countries. At the same time, the world was once again faced with the threat of a new, already thermonuclear war, which, like the Damocles sword, hangs over humanity. The problems of the post-war world development in the conditions of the growing scientific and technological revolution, the launch of the space era, as well as the uneven economic and social development of the world in the coordinates of the North-South, arose.

scholarly journals The 2nd Guards Tank Army in the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
V. O. Daynes
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
German Capital ◽  
The World

One of the greatest battles of the Great Patriotic and also the World War II took place on the outskirts of the capital of Nazi Germany on April 16, 1945. Three magor fronts - 1st Belorussian, 2nd Byelorussian, 1st Ukrainian - and four tank armies were involved. They were not used as highly mobile groups to enter Berlin from the north and north-west, they were sent first to break powerful enemy defenses, and then to wage battles on the streets. The Supreme Command and the commanders of the 1st Byelorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts understood the inevitability of heavy losses in tanks and troops, but deliberately took this step. The aim was not only a speedy capture of the German capital and the end of the war, but also to be ahead of allies on their way to Berlin. The article deals with the planning and preparation for the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation, the use of 2nd Guards Tank Army, who played along with other tank divisions a magor role in the success of this operation.

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