Latin American Populist Authoritarian Inclusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Carlos de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
The People

Abstract This article discusses how scholars have analyzed left populist governments in Latin America that include the previously excluded on the condition of their loyalty to the leader. It shows how different normative understandings of democracy have allowed the classification of populism as democratizing, a risk to democracy that could lead to competitive authoritarianism, or a sui generis combination of inclusion and authoritarianism. The paper distinguishes inclusion from democratization, and populists seeking power, from populists in governments, and populist regimes. It argues that the notion of polarized populist democracies captures better their autocratic and inclusionary practices. Populists maintain a commitment to elections hence selectively preserving rights to pluralism, free expression, and association. At the same time, they are authoritarian because populist leaders assume that they embody the people and consider that a section of the population represents the people as a whole, and that their mission is to redeem the people.

scholarly journals La violencia homicida en América Latina

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Briceño-León
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Social Classification ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Latin American Countries

RESUMEN: El artículo analiza la situación de la violencia homicida en América Latina, cuál es su ubicación en la situación mundial de violencia y cuáles serían las posibles explicaciones para el lugar que ocupa. Utilizando la base de datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud se clasifican las regiones por su tasa de homicidios y se ubica a América Latina como la región más violenta. Los países de América Latina son clasificados en cuatro grupos de acuerdo a la relación de su tasa de homicidios con la tasa media mundial y se caracterizan socialmente las víctimas.Para interpretar esa situación se relacionan con los niveles de urbanización y pobreza y se presentan los factores que pueden originar, fomentar y facilitar el incremento o disminución de los homicidios y su potencial utilidad en las políticas públicas.ABSTRACT: This article explores the situation of homicide violence in Latin America, its position within the worlds violence situation and the possible explanations for that position. Using the data bases of the World Health Organization, regions are classified by their homicide rates, which puts Latin America as the most violent region. Latin American countries are set in four groups according to the relation of their homicide rates with the world’s rate, and a social classification of victims is built. For interpreting this situation, those factors are put in relation with the levels of urbanization and poverty, and the possible causes of the increase or decrease of homicides are presented, as well as their potential utility for public policy making.

scholarly journals THE POLITICAL AMBIGUITY OF LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR RELIGION

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Néstor O. Míguez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
The People ◽  
Popular Religiosity ◽  
The Masses

This article will present some historical cases, some ancient, some very recent, of how such ambiguity of the religious forces and popular religiosity has played in Latin America. Through this case we will analyze how and why in “the popular” the same cultural phenomena can play sometimes a very conservative role, and then, in others, turn into a menacing power to the traditional social order. On one hand, it is a way in which conservative hegemony has captured the potential and will of the masses and used it to domesticate its claims (opium of the people). But in other cases it has stimulated the dreams and hopes, and has provided unexpected vitality to the people in their search for justice and better living conditions. The traditional aboriginal (pre-conquest) religions and worldviews, as well as new religious experiences brought by the slave trade and migrations sometimes provided myths and images that reinforced the liberating thrust of religious forces.

The Limits of Functional Differentiation under Populist Rule in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Dr. Aldo Mascareño
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American History ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The People ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract Populism has been one of the most outstanding features of Latin American politics throughout the 20th century. By controlling political and economic operations and appealing to the semantic construction of pueblo (the people), populism has succeeded in shaping a regional variant of functional differentiation. This process is analyzed along three phases of Latin American history, the pre-populist age of caudillos, the classic populism in the 20th century, and the neo-populist period in the 21st century. The article concludes with a reflection on the consequences of populism for the institutional framework in Latin America.

Liberation Theology: the Option for the Poor

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 407-421
Author(s):  
Peter Hebblethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Church Structures

One fairly obvious difference between this paper and those you have heard so far is that liberation theology, whatever it means, is still being discussed, attacked, caricatured, and defended with great vehemence and passion. The theme does not possess the completeness and neatness that historians prefer. It sprawls and proliferates. The bibliography is immense. We have already reached the stage of the overarching survey. D. W. Ferm has provided a 150-page summary with a helpful ‘reader’ for the use of college students. Ferm’s survey includes African and Asian theologians as well as Latin Americans. I can understand his desire to include Archbishop-elect Desmond Tutu in South Africa and to provide some hints as to why President Marcos could be deposed in the Philippines. And there is indeed a body called the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians—its unfortunate acronym is EATWOT—which gives some substance to this universalizing claim. But I am going to confine myself to Latin America because it was there that the ‘option for the poor’ was first spoken about. The date was 1968. CELAM, the regional association of Latin American Bishops, met at Medellin in Colombia in August. Pope Paul VI was present, and was the first Pope to kiss the soil of Latin America. There was a feeling abroad that at the Second Vatican Council, which had ended three years before, an essentially European agenda concerned typically with ecumenism and Church structures (collegiality) had prevailed; the Council had yet to be ‘applied’ to the Latin American situation. One phrase, however, provided a stimulus and a starting-point. Gaudium etSpes, the pastoral constitution on the Church in the World of Today, begins with the ringing assertion that ‘the joys and the hopes, the griefs and the anxieties of the people of this time, especially those who are poor or in any way afflicted, these too are the joys and hopes, the griefs and anxieties, of the followers of Christ’.

Putting Latin American Debt to Work: A Positive Role for the US

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
L. Ronald Scheman ◽  
Norman A. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

The long anticipated collapse of the economies of Latin America is already underway. The facts:•In Argentina, the currency devalued over 1,000% in less than four months and was close to a free fall as the Central Bank has no resources to stabilize the market and riots wracked provincial cities.•Brazil approaches hyperinflation now running at close to 1,000% as the government has given up on trying to curb inflation through traditional means and resorted to extensive indexing to enable the people to cope.

scholarly journals RETHINKING POPULIST DISCOURSE FROM LATIN AMERICA: ALGORITHMIC ACTIVISM AND THE CONSTITUTION OF A PEOPLE IN CHILE

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Juan Eduardo Bonnin
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American History ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
The People

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to explore some of the ideological and empirical limits of studies on populism from a perspective based on Latin American history and theories, on one hand, and current ideas about digitalization and political discourse, on the other. I will first argue that studies on populism have a monolingual bias that conceals an ethnocentric view on academic research. As a consequence, when the term “populism” is applied to Latin American political discourse and history, it implies a pejorative view on democracies other than liberal European. Leaving aside this perspective, I will then present a different view of Latin American populisms, which allows for a richer, more complex perspective, including the key role of “the people” as a discursive actor that can even dispense with a populist leader, especially in the case of mediatized democracies. As a case study, I will analyze activism in Chile by observing Twitter’s Trending Topics (TT) during the first week of the mass protests in October 2019. The analysis of TT hashtags helped us to better desccribe this process as one of handcrafted algorithmic activism which developed at least four tactics: the formulation of explicit demands, off-hours tweetstorms, syntagmatic variation, and HT confrontation and appropriation.

Populism, Universalism, and Democracy in Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 503-524
Author(s):  
George Ciccariello-Maher
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Universal Logic ◽  
Ernesto Laclau ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The People ◽  
Enrique Dussel

This chapter approaches populism by first outlining the impasses surrounding the concept in political science debates and then turning attention to two Latin American theorists of populism and the people: Ernesto Laclau and Enrique Dussel. While both approach populism from a Latin American perspective, Laclau refuses to be contained by this context and instead formulates a universal logic of populism as no less than the logic of politics itself. Dussel, by contrast, resists this leap to the universal by grounding the people in Latin America and filling it with specifically Latin American content, only maintaining the universal as a distant horizon under permanent construction. With this disagreement in hand—which has powerful implications for the question of democracy itself—the piece then turns to Venezuela as an example of both the potential and the tensions of populist mobilization. While Chavismo is often treated as the epitome of Laclau’s populism, the chapter argues that both political dynamics and theorizations of the people by Venezuelan intellectuals exceed and contradict Laclau in key ways, bearing closer affinity to Dussel’s work and pointing toward the radically expansive democratic potential of the people.

Catholic Laity in the Latin American Church

2020 ◽  
pp. 505-521
Author(s):  
Robert S. Pelton
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Pastoral Theology ◽  
Contextual Theology ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The People ◽  
The Church

Before Vatican II, pastoral theology reflected a clear distinction between the ordained and non-ordained members of the Church, but a gradual nuancing of this issue was taking place in Latin America as early as the 1950s. In those areas, there had been rather intensive study of “modern” European theologians. Through their writings and pastoral visits to the region of America, these progressive European theologians began to strongly influence Latin American theology —especially in Chile and Brazil. This influence was shown through the beginnings of small Christian communities, and through an emphasis on doing “contextual” theology. This is a theology that emphasizes the experiential in the light of tradition, which eventually led to Latin American liberation theology. The Church of Latin America has long been a leader in innovations that incorporate the role of Scripture in everyday life: the preferential and evangelizing option for the poor, small Christian communities (also known as CEBs or BECs), lay apostolates and lay missionaries, and other endeavors to put the Church at service to the People of God. “Laying boots on the ground” has become truly essential to carrying out the Church’s mission in the world and pastoral ambience contributes strongly to this growing appreciation of the Catholic laity. Combined with the importance of theologically reflecting within the context of regional realities, this approach can provide hope for a challenged but youthful and vibrant Catholic Church of Latin America.

The Prophetic Text and the Literature of Dissent in Latin America: Amos, Garcia Marquez, and Cabrera Infante Dismantle Militarism

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-100
Author(s):  
M. Daniel CARROLL R
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gabriel Garcia Marquez ◽  
Guillermo Cabrera Infante ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
People Of God ◽  
Latin American History ◽  
Protest Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

AbstractThis article attempts a reading of the final form of Amos within the framework of the literary tradition of the novels of dissent in Latin America. Works by the Colombian Gabriel Garcia Márquez and the Cuban Guillermo Cabrera Infante are presented in order to demonstrate how literary strategies can take apart the pretense and cruelty of the militarism so endemic to Latin American history and society. The reading of Amos shows how pervasive militarism is in the world of the prophetic text and highlights how that text ridicules and condemns it through literary technique. Amos, therefore, echoes many of the concerns of Latin American texts. As the scripture of the Christian church, however, Amos not only can be read alongside of other protest literature but can also make a particular contribution to help the people of God on that continent confront the harsh realities of life.

Mission in Latin America: Inculturated Liberation

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Diego Irarrazaval ◽  
Jorge Magrovejo ◽  
Steve Bevans
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The People ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Political Economic

Mission in Latin America today-whether inside the continent or abroad— is best conceived as a task of inculturated liberation. It must first of all be about the liberation of all from every form of oppression, whether political, economic, social, cultural, or spiritual; and such liberation must come from the people themselves, in all their cultural diversity and richness. Although this task is one that involves the entire Latin American church, it is best carried out by Latin America's poor, who, in imitation of Jesus, are called to give the gift of their poverty as co-workers with the Spirit in witnessing to God's kingdom.

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