All-Optical Universal Logic Gates at Nano-scale Dimensions

Though photonics displays an attractive solution to the speed limitation of electronics, decreasing the size of photonic devices is one of the major problems with implementing photonic integrated circuits that are regarded the challenges to produce all-optical computers. Plasmonic can solve these problems, it be a potential solution to fill the gaps in the electronics (large bandwidth and ultra-high speed) and photonics (diffraction limit due to miniaturization size). In this paper, Nano-rings Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides has been used to propose, design, simulate, and perform all-optical universal logic gates (NOR and NAND gates). By using Finite Element Method (FEM), the structure of the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates are designed and numerically simulated by two dimensions (2-D) structure. Silver and Glass materials were chosen to construct proposed structure. The function of the proposed plasmonic NOR and NAND logic gates was achieved by destructive and constructive interferences principle. The performance of the proposed device is measured by three criteria; the transmission, extension ratio, and modulation depth. Numerical simulations show that a transmission threshold (0.3) which allows achieving the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates in one structure at 1550 nm operating wavelength. The properties of this devise was as follows: The transmission exceeds 100% in one state of NAND gate, medium values of Extension Ratio, very high MD values, and very small foot print. In the future, this device will be the access to the nanophotonic integrated circuits and it has regarded fundamental building blocks for all-optical computers.

Sartre, Bad Faith and Authentic Decolonial Interventions

This article explores the concept of bad faith as conceptualized by Sartre within the context of the existential lived experiences of those Fanon (1965) refers to as the condemned, the racialized, and the dehumanized subjects of the world. I explore the logic of authenticity as a liberatory intervention in relation to decolonial interventions and anti-racist movements such as Black Lives Matter in the USA and across the globe and recently, the #EndSars movement in Nigeria. I will therefore argue that the repudiation of the entrenched universal logic of Euro-American modernity requires one to be authentic in their praxis in order to escape bad faith.

Jacques Derrida et la question de l’identité

"Postmodern ideologies have one and the same objective: grasping man in his elusiveness and in his everyday happenings. A thinker like Jacques Derrida, who is one of the leaders of deconstruction, considers that our epoch signals the end of rationality. Deconstruction is defined as the ensemble of techniques and strategies used by Derrida to demonstrate, split and shift any universal logic. By the mechanism of différance, the human being gets out of any originating border (big, founding narratives), and only traces remain. Deconstruction is incapable of thinking the world otherwise than as crumbling, this image resulting from the dissolution of the universal, of reason and the subject himself. Such an approach to identity is in accordance with contemporary globalization, which requires human mobility and flexibility."

LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

The article provides a general description of the features of scientific research. It is noted that the research process must obey certain construction rules, i.e. logic. The article reveals the features of the main stages that a researcher goes through in the process of cognizing a particular phenomenon, process. The author agrees with the opinion of scientists that there is no universal logic of research, since each field of study is unique. A list of those components is put forward, without which the logic of research cannot exist.

Leakage Reduction Methodology in CMOS for the Design of 1-Bit Full Adder

This paper presents low leakage and high speed 1-bit full adder projected with low threshold NMOS transistors in associations with universal logic gates which leads to have reduced power and delay. The customized NAND and NOR gates, a necessary blocks, are presented to design a proposed adder cell. The simulations for the designed circuits performed in cadence virtuoso tool with 65 nm CMOS technology at a supply voltage of 1 Volts. The proposed universal gates and 1-bit adder cell is compared with conventional NAND/NOR gates and 1-bit adder. The proposed adder schemes with modified universal logic gates achieve significant saving in terms of delay which are more than 24% and which is at the cost of 5% when compared with conventional designs.