The Cultural Development of Western Anatolia in the Third and Second Millennia BC and its Relationship with Migration Theories

2013 ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
The Third ◽  
Migration Theories

Carthage after the Punic Wars and the Neo-Punic Legacy

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Punic Wars

This chapter provides a brief introduction to how the historiographical development of Roman studies, since mid-twentieth century decolonization, has altered our understanding of the developments which took place in North Africa following the destruction of Carthage in 146 bce. The reader is introduced to literary, epigraphic, and archaeological sources of evidence, which have traditionally been used to argue for either cultural change or continuity. After an initial examination of the immediate aftermath of the Third Punic War, Roman land appropriation and taxation, the focus is on sources of evidence usually described as “Punic,” “neo-Punic” or “Late Punic,” covering the spheres of municipal institutions, language use, and religious and funerary rituals. The vibrant multiculturalism and regional diversity of the Mediterranean and especially North Africa, both before and after the Roman conquest, is the dominant theme. This is used to shift emphasis away from grand explanatory paradigms based on essentialist identity categories, and toward a more nuanced picture of the complex and multivariate processes of cultural development and integration.

民族国家、承包制与香火经济:景区化圣山庙会的政治-经济学

Rural China ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-287
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Investigative Reporting ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Media ◽  
Responsibility System ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Practical Level

Belief practices in mainland China have been subject to contracts as a result of a combination of factors: politics, economic growth, cultural development, and historic preservation. Thanks to the investigative reporting of the media, “contracting out belief” has lost all legitimacy on the level of politics, culture, religion, administration, and morality. The economy of temple incense has been relentlessly criticized for the same reason. In recent decades, Mount Cangyan, in Hebei, has changed from being a sacred site of pilgrimage to a landscaped tourist attraction. At the same time, the Mount Cangyan temple festival, which centers on the worship of the Third Princess, has gained legitimacy on a practical level. Conventional and newly emerged agents, such as beggars, charlatans, spirit mediums, do-gooders, and contractors of the temple, are actively involved in the thriving temple festival, competing, and sometimes cooperating, with each other. However, it is for the sake of maximizing profit that landscaped Mount Cangyan under the contract responsibility system has been re-sanctified around the worship of the Third Princess along with other, new gods and attractions. The iconic temple festival on this holy mountain has influenced other temple festivals in various nearby communities. The leading temple festival on Mount Cangyan entails a complicated social morphology and human geography. The economy of temple incense centering on belief in the Third Princess, i.e., the contracted out belief, has become a major part of local tourism and is intertwined with grand narratives such as pursuing national prosperity. The dialectics of the contracting and the contracted involve multidirectional interaction between individuals, local society, the state, and the temple and its deity. This article investigates the contracted and landscaped temple festival on the holy mountain of Cangyan in the context of everyday life and changing society.在政治建构、经济发展、文化建设、文物保护的合力下，“被承包的信仰”早已成为普遍的社会事实。受从果到因的逻辑推理的规训，媒介写作中的“被承包的信仰”完全丧失了在政治、文化、宗教、行政管理以及道义等层面的合理性、正当性，香火经济也成为口诛笔伐的对象。近三十年来，圣山的景区化建设与管理使得原本作为信仰中心地的苍岩山旅游风景区的景观色彩日渐浓厚。与此同时，以三皇姑信仰为核心的苍岩山庙会也具有了事实上的合理性、合法性。乞丐、江湖术士、香头、行好的和庙主等新、老行动主体纷纷掺乎其中，竞争也妥协，庙会热闹而红火。为求利益最大化，承包制经营管理的模式使得景区化的圣山苍岩山更加倚重三皇姑信仰,从而使得景区化的圣山被再圣化，并滋生出新的神祇、景观。图像化的圣山庙会历时性地呈现出复杂的社会形态学和人文地理学特征，统括着圣山上下形态各异、或生或灭的大小社区型庙会。最终，围绕三皇姑信仰的香火经济——被承包的信仰——事实上成为地方旅游经济的龙头，并与兴国兴邦的民族国家发展的宏大叙事一道携手前行。呈现出承包与被承包多重辩证法的景区化圣山庙会也就有了在生活之流，尤其是社会之流中研究的应然与必然。 (This article is in English.)

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Legislative Developments of the Dispute Resolution Council Laws

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Vazneh
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Competent Authority ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
General Sense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
First Session

According to the Constitution, the Judiciary is the competent authority to deal with claims in a broad and general sense. However, due to different reasons, litigation has not been limited to the Judiciary, and other institutions have emerged to deal with certain specific claims. One of these institutions is the Dispute Resolution Council (DRC), which has been established in recent years to deal with claims based on the citizen participation strategy. This council was legally established after the approval of Article 189 in the Third Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan Code.Findings of this study revealed that law of the DRC has undergone several innovations and changes in the DRC Code of 2015, including: a change in the number of councilors and its top officials and the possibility of using retired judges as the council judges, that neither the DRC nor its judge is allowed to issue any decree; they can only issue corrective reports, and the implicit acceptance of the council's competence owing to lack of citation in the first session is just limited to Article 8 and the competence of the council rather than the judge. Although, the law remains silent about the DRCs of rural areas, its competence has been limited in Note 2 of Article 9 to peace and compromise.

A Review of Lofts as Housing in Istanbul

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Serpil Özker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Usa

Lofts are housing forms converted from warehouse-workshop into a “habitable environment” in coastal towns of Europe and the USA after the Industrial Revolution. Particularly positioned in coastal towns of New York, Loft life made an impact in the world over time. It became a new form of living when artists converted structures like factories into habitable environment. From past to today, all national and international developments during the process affected and accelerated development of the constant evolution of housing concept. In that sense, in this study, the meaning of Lofts in Istanbul and the effect and change of socio-cultural stratification on spatial conversion of housing consumerism has been examined in the context of Istanbul. Especially, process of gentrification, shaped by effects of urban transformation post 1980, and cultural development affected by this process, attendant Loft life has become an accelerating way of life. In this context, historical and stylistic value and especially usage of Loft living has been examined. In the first chapter; past, present and the post-1980 development of housing sector in Istanbul, in the second chapter, with a thriving cultural life, and Loft formation, has been examined in the context of structural criteria, resulting three different Lofts have been discussed in detail. In the third section, three different types of Loft have been analyzed in the context of space depending on examples. As a result of researches, three different types of Lofts, “Original”, “Semi” and “Imitation” concepts have become clear and it has been concluded that “Imitation Loft” formation gives direction to life in Istanbul.

Prehistoric Cultural Development in the Southern Californian Deserts

1962 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lake Mohave

AbstractArchaeological remains from the southern Californian desert region, spanning a period from 7000 B.C. to historic times, are segregated into four broad cultural horizons. The earliest certain evidences of human occupation consist of stone tools and weapons from the shore line of ancient Lake Mohave. The Lake Mohave artifacts comprise types designed primarily for hunting and related activities. Next in sequence are the lithic materials from Pinto Basin and other localities that demonstrate a mixed hunting-gathering economy. The third or Amargosa period is inadequately known. Triangular arrowpoints, pottery, and numerous seed-grinding implements distinguish the closing aboriginal phase. The major research needs are indicated.

The world in creolisation

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Hannerz
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The World ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Ways Of Life

Opening ParagraphFrom the time when I first became entangled with the Third World, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, I have been fascinated by those contemporary ways of life and thought which keep growing out of the interplay between imported and indigenous cultures. They are the cultures on display in market places, shanty towns, beer halls, night clubs, missionary book stores, railway waiting rooms, boarding schools, newspapers and television stations. Nigeria, the country I have been most closely in touch with in an on-and-off way for some time, because of its large size, perhaps, offers particular scope for such cultural development, with several very large cities and hundreds if not thousands of small and middle-size towns. It has a lively if rather erratic press, a popular music scene dominated at different times by such genres as highlife, juju and Afro-beat, about as many universities as breweries (approximately one to every state in the federal republic), dozens of authors published at home and abroad, schoolhouses in just about every village, and an enormous fleet of interurban taxicabs which with great speed can convey you practically from anywhere to anywhere, at some risk to your life.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Anak dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2008

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ida Friatna
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Child ◽  
The Right

This paper aims to study child protection in Islamic law perspective, and how the perspective has derived into the Qanun Aceh on child protection. Islamic law discusses child protection as childnurture/safeguards (hadhanah) and custodian (walayah). Child protection means fulfillingchildren's rights and protection from the harmful situation or things that could be a danger to theirphysics, soul, and property. On the national level, the Indonesian government stipulated theUndang-Undang Number 35 Year 2014 on Child Protection, so at the regional level, theGovernment of Aceh followed up by stipulating the Qanun Number 11 Year 2008 on ChildProtection. The Qanun states that child protection aims to ensure the right for life, grow, develop,and participate optimally as well as humanistic value and dignity, and children get protection fromexploitation, violence, and discrimination. Those all protections toward to realize the good quality ofchildren in Aceh, good morality, and wealth. Child protection is conducted through religion, custom,socio-cultural development. It puts forward basic principles, namely anti-discrimination, the child'sneeds-response, the right to live, and appreciation. Substantially, the Qanun contains all rights inprotecting the child. But there are needs in socializing and optimizing the law enforcer in protectingchildren. This study found many indicators on the less of child protection in Aceh. Recently, Acehstands as the third-highest rank province in Sumatera with the number of child violence.Furthermore, children's sexual harassment becomes the most reported case.

scholarly journals The influence of accounting system regarding accounting and taxation of entities

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (31) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Dorel Mates ◽  
Adriana Puscas ◽  
Antonela Ursachi ◽  
Eduard Ajtay
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Tax System ◽  
European Directives ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Abstract Accounting and taxation in Romania at the beginning of the third millennium are in continuous development, as a result of globalization of the world economy and of connecting the accounting and tax system to the international and European one. The confluence of the two representative cultures – Anglo-Saxon and Latin-European – has left a strong mark on the Romanian accounting and taxation. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the European Directives set the line to follow for both the Romanian accounting and the Romanian taxation. We get to ask whether Romania has still got its own strategies of economic, social and cultural development or we are part of a system of strategies where accounting is also included?

Sardis: A First Millennium B.C.E. Capital in Western Anatolia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crawford H. Greenewalt
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Maximum Extent ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
First Millennium

This article discusses findings from excavations at Sardis. Settlement at Sardis has existed for three-and-a-half millennia, from ca. 1500 BCE to the present; it may have existed even earlier, in the third millennium BCE (perhaps even before that). During its long existence, the settlement hosted many cultures: western Anatolian, Lydian, Persian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Turkish. Contemporaneous cultures typically merged (e.g., Anatolian and Greek, Byzantine and Turkish), and earlier cultural traditions affected later ones. In the first half of the first millennium BCE, Sardis was the capital of an independent state created by the Lydians, a western Anatolian people who inhabited valleys of the Hermus, Kayster, and Maeander Rivers and adjacent highlands and mountains, and who had distinctive cultural traditions; the Lydian language, an Anatolian sub-branch of Indo-European, is known from a relatively small number of alphabetic texts. The nature and extent of settlement has fluctuated between the extremes of a large prosperous city and a modest hamlet or group of hamlets, sometimes coexisting with transhumant populations. From the seventh century BCE to the seventh century CE, Sardis was a large city of major political and cultural importance, occupying at maximum extent an estimated 200 ha of land.

The theories of the ‘Great Caravan Route’ between Cilicia and Troy: the Early Bronze Age III period in inland western Anatolia

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turan Efe
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The North ◽  
Chalcolithic Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
North Aegean ◽  
One Step ◽  
To Come

AbstractAt the beginning of the second settlement a change that we can define as a ‘breaking point’ takes place in Trojan indigenous cultural development. Behind this change must lie, to a great extent, the intensification of Troy's cultural and economic relations with the interior of Anatolia and beyond (north Syria and Mesopotamia). This change is archaeologically most evident in the pottery; the potter's wheel is introduced to Troy IIb along with new forms and wares. For a long time it has been widely accepted that the wheel – in use in north Syria and Cilicia since the Late Chalcolithic period – became known in the interior of western Anatolia only after its appearance at Troy, and there has been a general consensus that the potter's wheel and other Mesopotamian influences reached Troy through maritime trade from Cilicia westward and northward along the Anatolian coastline. The author, on the other hand, as early as the mid 1980s, had begun to defend the thesis that Trojan-Cilician relations were established over inland western Anatolia, rather than by sea. Here again he deals with the subject, now strengthened by new evidence that continues to come to light from recent investigations and excavations within western Anatolia – most especially that from Küllüoba, where excavation has been continuing under the author's auspices since 1996. The author now goes one step further to define this overland route between Cilicia and the north Aegean as the ‘Great Caravan Route’.

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