Focus, Questions and Givenness

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-44
Keyword(s):  
Focus Questions

Seeking the historical listener

Early Music ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Plank
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
Queen Elizabeth I ◽  
Focus Questions ◽  
Robert Herrick

Abstract This article considers questions relating to the performance practice of listening to music in early modern contexts. The evidence of paintings by Pieter Lastman, Gerard ter Borch and Hendrik Sorgh, poetry by Robert Herrick, William Shakespeare and Edmund Waller, and accounts of performances by Francesco da Milano, Nicola Matteis and Queen Elizabeth I all help to bring into focus questions of attentiveness, affective response and analogical understanding. The source material also interestingly raises the possibility of occasionally understanding the act of listening within a frame of erotic relationship modelled on Laura Mulvey’s well-known concept of the ‘male gaze’.

The role of case in A-bar extraction asymmetries

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Coon ◽  
Pedro Mateo Pedro ◽  
Omer Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Data ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Special Construction ◽  
Agent Focus ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Focus Questions

Many morphologically ergative languages display asymmetries in the extraction of core arguments: while absolutive arguments (transitive objects and intransitive subjects) extract freely, ergative arguments (transitive subjects) cannot. This falls under the label “syntactic ergativity” (see, e.g. Dixon 1972, 1994; Manning 1996; Polinsky to appear(b)). These extraction asymmetries are found in many languages of the Mayan family, where in order to extract transitive subjects (for focus, questions, or relativization), a special construction known as the “Agent Focus” (AF) must be used. These AF constructions have been described as syntactically and semantically transitive because they contain two non-oblique DP arguments, but morphologically intransitive because the verb appears with only a single agreement marker and takes an intransitive status suffix (Aissen 1999; Stiebels 2006). In this paper we offer a proposal for (i) why some morphologically ergative languages exhibit extraction asymmetries, while others do not; and (ii) how the AF construction in Q’anjob’al circumvents this problem. We adopt recent accounts which argue that ergative languages vary in the locus of absolutive case assignment (Aldridge 2004, 2008a; Legate 2002, 2008), and propose that this variation is present within the Mayan family. Based primarily on comparative data from Q’anjob’al and Chol, we argue that the inability to extract ergative arguments does not reflect a problem with properties of the ergative subject itself, but rather reflects locality properties of absolutive case assignment in the clause. We show how the AF morpheme -on circumvents this problem in Q’anjob’al by assigning case to internal arguments.

Local Civil Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mann ◽  
David Dallimore ◽  
Howard Davis ◽  
Graham Day ◽  
Maria Eichsteller
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Focus Questions

Epdf and ePUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Drawing on place-based field investigations and new empirical analysis, this original book investigates civil society at local level. The concept of civil society is contested and multifaceted, and this text offers assessment and clarification of debates concerning the intertwining of civil society, the state and local community relations. Analysing two Welsh villages, the authors examine the importance of identity, connection with place and the impact of social and spatial boundaries on the everyday production of civil society. Bringing into focus questions of biography and temporality, the book provides an innovative account of continuities and changes within local civil society during social and economic transformation.

scholarly journals Playful Presenting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Amy Hondsmerk
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
The University ◽  
Focus Questions ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Critical Reflections

The Present and Future of History and Games symposium took place at the University of Warwick on the 28th February 2020. This article provides some critical reflections on the symposium and its open theme of the study of history and games, which invited papers from a broad selection of scholars and professionals working in an interdisciplinary fashion at the intersection of these two fields. Papers brought into focus questions around particularly important or difficult topics encountered at this meeting of sectors, such as authenticity, accuracy, ownership, context, barriers, ethics and audience/player perceptions. The symposium explored how current research across various disciplines is intertwined and connected with other projects and subsequently encouraged speakers and attendees alike to consider how their work might develop and shape the future of study at the convergence of history, heritage, and gaming.

Outline of This Treatment Program

2014 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Sudie E. Back ◽  
Edna B. Foa ◽  
Therese K. Killeen ◽  
Katherine L. Mills ◽  
Maree Teesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Focus Questions

This chapter provides the therapist with an outline of the COPE treatment and components of each session (e.g. check-in, review homework, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] focus, substance use disorder focus). Questions regarding who can deliver the therapy are addressed, as well as questions regarding the role of medications. Finally, special considerations for delivering treatment to patients with PTSD and comorbid substance use disorders are reviewed for the therapist.

“The Continuity of Married Companionship”

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-530
Author(s):  
Cara Weber
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Conception ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ethical Action ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
A Site ◽  
Focus Questions

Victorian writers often focus questions of ethics through scenes of sympathetic encounters that have been conceptualized, both by Victorian thinkers and by their recent critics, as a theater of identification in which an onlooking spectator identifies with a sufferer. George Eliot's Middlemarch (1871–72) critiques this paradigm, revealing its negation of otherness and its corresponding fixation of the self as an identity, and offers an alternative conception of relationship that foregrounds the presence and distinctness of the other and the open-endedness of relationship. The novel develops its critique through an analysis of women's experience of courtship and marriage, insisting upon the appropriateness ofmarriage as a site for the investigation of contemporary ethical questions. In her depiction of Rosamond, Eliot explores the identity-based paradigm of the spectacle of others, and shows how its conception of selfhood leaves the other isolated, precluding relationship. Rosamond's trajectory in the novel enacts the identity paradigm's relation to skeptical anxieties about self-knowledge and knowledge of others, and reveals such anxieties to occur with particular insistence around images of femininity. By contrast, Dorothea's development in ethical self-awareness presents an alternative to Rosamond's participation in the identity paradigm. In Dorothea's experience the self emerges as a process, an ongoing practice of expression. The focus on expression in the sympathetic or conflictual encounter, rather than on identity, enables the overcoming of the identity paradigm's denial of otherness, and grounds a productive sympathy capable of informing ethical action.

scholarly journals Analisis Kegiatan Praktikum Biologi SMA Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia

BIODIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298
Author(s):  
Meirin Dwiningtyas Putri ◽  
Sri Anggraeni ◽  
Bambang Supriatno
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Focus Questions ◽  
Human Respiratory System

This study aims to provide an overview of the design of the respiratory system practicum used in SMA / MA Tasikmalaya and the subject of this research is the Student Worksheet (LKS) of Human Respiratory System Practicum used in schools. Samples taken in this study were 6 LKS samples. The sampling technique by purposive sampling. This study uses instruments developed by the Lecturer TEAM and instruments based on the scoring table of the Diagram Vee component that was adapted by Novak & Gowin. Based on the instruments developed by the Lecturer TEAM, it shows that the results of the analysis of LKS practicum activities on human respiratory system material still found problems in terms of 1) conceptual, not in accordance with the demands of Basic Curriculum Competence 2) practical, the title / goal is not in accordance with the work steps and difficult to execute and not relevant to the object / phenomenon that appears 3) the construction of knowledge, the question has not led to the facts that arise, is not related to the interpretation of the data and the conclusions that are built do not describe the title / purpose of the practicum. Whereas based on the analysis results of the scoring instrument Diagram Vee shows that the components of focus questions, objects / events, concepts / theories / principles, transformation notes, and knowledge claims have not yet reached the maximum score so that the outstanding Practicum Worksheet has not supported Diagram Vee components to the maximum so it needs to be improved . Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai desain praktikum sistem pernapasan yang digunakan di SMA/MA Tasikmalaya dan subjek penelitian ini adalah Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Praktikum Sistem Pernapasan Manusia yang digunakan di sekolah. Sampel yang diambil pada penelitian ini yaitu 6 sampel LKS. Teknik sampling dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen yang dikembangkan oleh TIM Dosen dan instrumen berdasarkan tabel penskoran komponen Diagram Vee yang diadaptasi Novak & Gowin. Berdasarkan instrumen yang dikembangkan TIM Dosen menunjukkan bahwa hasil analisis kegiatan praktikum LKS pada materi sistem pernapasan manusia masih ditemukan permasalahan dalam hal 1) konseptual, belum sesuai dengan tuntutan Kompetensi Dasar kurikulum 2) praktikal, judul/tujuan belum sesuai langkah kerja dan sulit dieksekusi serta tidak relevan dengan objek/fenomena yang muncul 3) kontruksi pengetahuan, pertanyaan belum mengarahkan pada fakta yang muncul, tidak dihubungkan dengan interpretasi data serta kesimpulan yang dibangun belum menggambarkan  judul/tujuan praktikum. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis instrumen penskoran Diagram Vee menunjukkan bahwa komponen pertanyaan fokus, objek/peristiwa, konsep/teori/prinsip, catatan transformasi, dan klaim pengetahuan masih belum mencapai skor maksimal sehingga LKS Praktikum yang beredar belum menunjang komponen Diagram Vee dengan maksimal sehingga perlu ditingkatkan.

scholarly journals Young children's sensitivity to new and given information when answering predicate-focus questions

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTHÉ SALOMO ◽  
ELENA LIEVEN ◽  
MICHAEL TOMASELLO
Keyword(s):  
Video Clips ◽  
Preceding Context ◽  
Short Video ◽  
Focus Question ◽  
Transitive Actions ◽  
Focus Questions

ABSTRACTIn two studies we investigated 2-year-old children's answers to predicate-focus questions depending on the preceding context. Children were presented with a successive series of short video clips showing transitive actions (e.g., frog washing duck) in which either the action (action-new) or the patient (patient-new) was the changing, and therefore new, element. During the last scene the experimenter asked the question (e.g., “What's the frog doing now?”). We found that children expressed the action and the patient in the patient-new condition but expressed only the action in the action-new condition. These results show that children are sensitive to both the predicate-focus question and newness in context. A further finding was that children expressed new patients in their answers more often when there was a verbal context prior to the questions than when there was not.

Children's ability to answer different types of questions

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTHÉ SALOMO ◽  
ELENA LIEVEN ◽  
MICHAEL TOMASELLO
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Focus Questions

ABSTRACTYoung children answer many questions every day. The extent to which they do this in an adult-like way – following Grice's Maxim of Quantity by providing the requested information, no more no less – has been studied very little. In an experiment, we found that two-, three- and four-year-old children are quite skilled at answering argument-focus questions and predicate-focus questions with intransitives in which their response requires only a single element. But predicate-focus questions for transitives – requiring both the predicate and the direct object – are difficult for children below four years of age. Even more difficult for children this young are sentence-focus questions such as “What's happening?”, which give the child no anchor in given information around which to structure their answer. In addition, in a corpus study, we found that parents ask their children predicate-focus and sentence-focus questions very infrequently, thus giving children little experience with them.

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