Developmental Patterns And Processes In Islamicate Civilization And The Impact Of Modernization

2012 ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said A. Arjomand
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Impact

Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.

scholarly journals Future or Movement? The L2 Acquisition of Aller + V Forms

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Pascale Leclercq
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Narrative Function ◽  
Semantic Values

This study aims to advance the understanding of the impact of the discursive context in the form-function mappings of aller + V forms by native speakers (NSs) and learners of French (NNSs), and to further knowledge about the developmental patterns of use of such forms at three proficiency levels (lower intermediate, upper intermediate, and advanced). While aller + V is often referred to as a periphrastic future form, i.e., a way to express temporal reference, it also takes a range of diverse semantic values (including spatial, aspectual, and modal values), and discursive functions. We therefore set out to examine data from a cross-sectional oral narrative and a longitudinal semi-guided interview task to find out to what extent aller + V forms are used by NSs and NNSs in a study abroad context. Our main results show that at lower intermediate level, spatial values dominate, while temporal and modal values emerge at upper intermediate and advanced levels. As regards the discursive functions of aller + V, learners make context appropriate choices (among others, narrative function in oral narratives, and stance-marking in interviews), but even at advanced level, their range of semantic values and discursive functions is more restricted than native speakers’.

scholarly journals Methodological Issues in the Study of the Development of Pain Responsivity in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3507
Author(s):  
Damiano Menin ◽  
Marco Dondi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Neonatal Pain ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pain Responses

The study of the development of neonatal pain responses is of key importance, both for research and for clinical reasons, with particular regard to the population of preterm neonates, given the amount of painful procedures they are exposed to on a daily basis. The aim of this work was to systematize our knowledge about the development of pain responses in prematurely born neonates by focusing on some key methodological issues. Studies on the impact of age variables, namely gestational age (GA), postmenstrual age (PMA) and chronological age (CH), on pain responsivity in premature neonates were identified using Medline and Scopus. Studies (N = 42) were categorized based on terminological and methodological approaches towards age variables, and according to output variables considered (facial, nonfacial behavioral, physiological). Distinct multidimensional developmental patterns were found for each age-sampling strategy. Overall, each of the three age variables seems to affect pain responsivity, possibly differently across age windows. Targeted as well as integrated approaches, together with a renewed attention for methodological consistency, are needed to further our knowledge on this topic.

Developmental Patterns and Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-93
Author(s):  
Gomathi Jatin ◽  
Sybil Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Climate disruption and parasite–host dynamics: patterns and processes associated with warming and the frequency of extreme climatic events

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Hudson ◽  
I.M. Cattadori ◽  
B. Boag ◽  
A.P. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Extreme Climatic Events ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Trichostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLevels of parasitism and the dynamics of helminth systems is subject to the impact of environmental conditions such that we may expect long term increases in temperature will increase the force of infection and the parasite's basic reproduction number, R0. We postulate that an increase in the force of infection will only lead to an increase in mean intensity of adults when adult parasite mortality is not determined by acquired immunity. Preliminary examination of long term trends of parasites of rabbits and grouse confirm these predictions. Parasite development rate increases with temperature and while laboratory studies indicate this is linear some recent studies indicate that this may be non-linear and would have an important impact on R0. Warming would also reduce the selective pressure for the development of arrestment and this would increase R0 so that in systems like the grouse and Trichostrongylus tenuis this would increase the instability and lead to larger disease outbreaks. Extreme climatic events that act across populations appear important in synchronizing transmission and disease outbreaks, so it is speculated that climate disruption will lead to increased frequency and intensity of disease outbreaks in parasite populations not regulated by acquired immunity.

scholarly journals Social influence in adolescence as a double-edged sword

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Molleman ◽  
Simon Kai Ciranka ◽  
Wouter van den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Peer Influence ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Social learning is fundamental to human development, helping individuals adapt to new conditions and cooperate in groups. During the formative years of adolescence, the social environment shapes people’s socio-cognitive skills needed in adulthood. Yet, peer influence during this pivotal developmental stage is generally associated with risky and unruly conduct, with eminent negative long-term effects on adolescents’ educational, economic and health outcomes. Here we show, in contrast to this traditional view, that the impact of peers on adolescents’ behaviour can also be markedly positive. Exposure to disobedient peers provoked rule breaking, and selfish peers reduced prosocial behaviour, particularly in early adolescence. However, compliant peers also promoted rule-following and fair peers increased prosociality. A belief formation task further revealed that early adolescents tend to assimilate social information, while older adolescents prioritise personal views. Our results suggest that these developmental patterns reflect a decline in an underlying domain-general factor of social sensitivity during adolescence, and highlight early adolescence as a key window for peer-based interventions to improve developmental trajectories.

scholarly journals Linking Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity to Ecosystem Function Across Scales, Trophic Levels, and Realms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla M. Dahlin ◽  
Phoebe L. Zarnetske ◽  
Quentin D. Read ◽  
Laura A. Twardochleb ◽  
Aaron G. Kamoske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Aquatic Biodiversity ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Impact

Global declines in biodiversity have the potential to affect ecosystem function, and vice versa, in both terrestrial and aquatic ecological realms. While many studies have considered biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships at local scales within single realms, there is a critical need for more studies examining BEF linkages among ecological realms, across scales, and across trophic levels. We present a framework linking abiotic attributes, productivity, and biodiversity across terrestrial and inland aquatic realms. We review examples of the major ways that BEF linkages form across realms–cross-system subsidies, ecosystem engineering, and hydrology. We then formulate testable hypotheses about the relative strength of these connections across spatial scales, realms, and trophic levels. While some studies have addressed these hypotheses individually, to holistically understand and predict the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem function, researchers need to move beyond local and simplified systems and explicitly investigate cross-realm and trophic interactions and large-scale patterns and processes. Recent advances in computational power, data synthesis, and geographic information science can facilitate studies spanning multiple ecological realms that will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of BEF connections.

Garbage In, Garbage Out

2005 ◽  
pp. 45-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess McCarthy ◽  
Jerry Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Computing Technology ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Advances in computing technology and analytical techniques have given crime analysts increasingly powerful toolboxes with which to unlock the spatial patterns and processes of crime. However, the utility of such tools is still bounded by the “garbage in, garbage out,” maxim, whereby analytical output is only as reliable as the analytical input. Therefore, this chapter reviews some of the sources of spatial data inaccuracy that must be considered when analyzing crime. Given the prevalence of street addresses as a spatial location identifier for crime events, particular attention is given to the accuracy and optimum parameters for geographically referencing address data. Example data drawn from burglary records in the city of Wollongong, Australia, illustrate the significance of the issues and the impact that poor address management can have on the analysis of crime. The chapter emphasizes the practical, by outlining address correction options and summarizing recent research that identifies optimum settings for geocoding software tools.

scholarly journals Analysis of Land Development Drivers Using Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Pariya Pourmohammadi ◽  
Michael P. Strager ◽  
Michael J. Dougherty ◽  
Donald A. Adjeroh
Keyword(s):  
Ridge Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Impact

Land development processes are driven by complex interactions between socio-economic and spatial factors. Acquiring an understanding of such processes and the underlying procedures helps urban and regional planners, environmental scientists, and policy makers to base their decisions on valid and profound information. In this work, remote-sensing-derived land-cover data were used to characterize the patterns of land development from the beginning of 1985 to the beginning of 2015, in the state of West Virginia (WV), US. We applied spatial pattern analysis, ridge regression, and Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression (GWRR) to examine the impact of population, energy resources, existing land developments dynamics, and economic status on land transformation. We showed that in presence of multicollinearity of explanatory variables, how penalizing regression models in both local and global levels lead to a better fit and decreases the model’s variance. We used geographical error analysis of regression models to visualize the difference between the model estimates and actual values. The findings of this research indicate that because of shifting geography of opportunities, the patterns and processes of land development in the studied region are unstable. This leads to fragmented land developments and prevents formation of large communities.

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