scholarly journals Analysis of Land Development Drivers Using Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Pariya Pourmohammadi ◽  
Michael P. Strager ◽  
Michael J. Dougherty ◽  
Donald A. Adjeroh
Keyword(s):  
Ridge Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Impact

Land development processes are driven by complex interactions between socio-economic and spatial factors. Acquiring an understanding of such processes and the underlying procedures helps urban and regional planners, environmental scientists, and policy makers to base their decisions on valid and profound information. In this work, remote-sensing-derived land-cover data were used to characterize the patterns of land development from the beginning of 1985 to the beginning of 2015, in the state of West Virginia (WV), US. We applied spatial pattern analysis, ridge regression, and Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression (GWRR) to examine the impact of population, energy resources, existing land developments dynamics, and economic status on land transformation. We showed that in presence of multicollinearity of explanatory variables, how penalizing regression models in both local and global levels lead to a better fit and decreases the model’s variance. We used geographical error analysis of regression models to visualize the difference between the model estimates and actual values. The findings of this research indicate that because of shifting geography of opportunities, the patterns and processes of land development in the studied region are unstable. This leads to fragmented land developments and prevents formation of large communities.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of mass vaccination programmes on notified cases in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Wijhe ◽  
A. D. Tulen ◽  
H. Korthals Altes ◽  
S. A. McDonald ◽  
H. E. de Melker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVaccination programmes are considered a main contributor to the decline of infectious diseases over the 20th century. In recent years, the national vaccination coverage in the Netherlands has been declining, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of vaccination programmes. Our aim was to quantify the impact of long-standing vaccination programmes on notified cases in the Netherlands. We collected and digitised previously unavailable monthly case notifications of diphtheria, poliomyelitis, mumps and rubella in the Netherlands over the period 1919–2015. Poisson regression models accounting for seasonality, multi-year cycles, secular trends and auto-correlation were fit to pre-vaccination periods. Cases averted were calculated as the difference between observed and expected cases based on model projections. In the first 13 years of mass vaccinations, case notifications declined rapidly with 82.4% (95% credible interval (CI): 74.9–87.6) of notified cases of diphtheria averted, 92.9% (95% CI 85.0–97.2) cases of poliomyelitis, and 79.1% (95% CI 67.1–87.4) cases of mumps. Vaccination of 11-year-old girls against rubella averted 49.9% (95% CI 9.3–73.5) of cases, while universal vaccination averted 68.1% (95% CI 19.4–87.3) of cases. These findings show that vaccination programmes have contributed substantially to the reduction of infectious diseases in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals The intergenerational effect of parental enthusiasm for reading

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (84) ◽  
pp. 239-259
Author(s):  
Jose G. Clavel ◽  
Mauro Mediavilla
Keyword(s):  
International Student ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
Reading For Pleasure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to focus on how reading for pleasure is transmitted within the family. Using data taken from the Programme for International Student Assessment test of 2009, which dealt in depth with the reading proficiency of students, the authors show that children of parents who read for pleasure are better readers. Within the extensive research and published results on reading performance, the authors focused on the transmission of parents’ reading attitudes to their children. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors have opted for an approach of “difference in differences”, applied to a population that represents all 15-year-olds from five countries (Germany, Denmark, Hungary, Italy and Portugal). To support this study, the authors chose as a response variable the difference between reading performance and maths performance of each student, taking into account five plausible values for each student. The authors have several explanatory variables, among them what we call the “treatment”, which is the parents’ enthusiasm for reading. Findings The calculated estimations clearly indicate that there is a positive effect for four out of the five countries analysed, ranging from 4 points for Italy to 6.5 points for Germany and Portugal. As for the significance of the effect, with the exception of Hungary, the result is reliable and robust. It should also be noted that the variable that indicates the existence of a reading habit by children (daily reading for pleasure) is seen as a factor that positively affects the difference between competence in reading and mathematics in four out of the five countries analysed. Originality value The results show positive effects on children whose parents read for pleasure, and this fact should be used to further encourage parents to promote their own reading time for pleasure. In view of the already quantified trend in international reports that adults are reading less, it seems crucial to involve educational authorities in reversing this phenomenon, knowing the impact that adult reading habits have on the reading competence of young people.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Outcomes of Gender Identity in Children (LOGIC): protocol for a prospective longitudinal cohort study of children referred to the UK gender identity development service

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e045628
Author(s):  
Eilis Kennedy ◽  
Lauren Spinner ◽  
Chloe Lane ◽  
Hannah Stynes ◽  
Veronica Ranieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionGender identity development services (GIDS) worldwide have seen a significant increase in referrals in recent years. Many of these referrals consist of children and young people (CYP) who experience gender-related distress. This study aims to improve understanding of outcomes of CYP referred to the UK GIDS, specifically regarding gender identity, mental health, physical health and quality of life. The impact of factors such as co-occurring autism and early social transition on outcomes over time will be explored.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective cohort study of CYP aged 3–14 years when referred to the UK GIDS. Eligible participants will be ≤14 years at the time their referral was accepted and will be on the waitlist for the service when baseline measures are completed. Children aged under 12 years will complete the measures in an interview format with a researcher, while young people aged 12 years and over and their parents/caregivers will complete online or paper-based questionnaires. Participants will complete follow-up measures 12 months and 24 months later. The final sample size is expected to be approximately 500. Logistic regression models will be used to explore associations between prespecified explanatory variables and gender dysphoria. Appropriate regression models will also be used to investigate explanatory variables for other outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on birth-assigned gender, age at referral and co-occurring autistic traits will be explored.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Health Research Authority and London – Hampstead Research Ethics Committee (reference: 19/LO/0857). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at both conferences and stakeholder events. Findings will be used to inform clinical practice.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on e-bike safety in China via multi-output and clustering-based regression models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256610
Author(s):  
Xingpei Yan ◽  
Zheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cluster 2

The impacts of COVID-19 on travel demand, traffic congestion, and traffic safety are attracting heated attention. However, the influence of the pandemic on electric bike (e-bike) safety has not been investigated. This paper fills the research gap by analyzing how COVID-19 affects China’s e-bike safety based on a province-level dataset containing e-bike safety metrics, socioeconomic information, and COVID-19 cases from 2017 to 2020. Multi-output regression models are adopted to investigate the overall impact of COVID-19 on e-bike safety in China. Clustering-based regression models are used to examine the heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 and the other explanatory variables in different provinces/municipalities. This paper confirms the high relevance between COVID-19 and the e-bike safety condition in China. The number of COVID-19 cases has a significant negative effect on the number of e-bike fatalities/injuries at the country level. Moreover, two clusters of provinces/municipalities are identified: one (cluster 1) with lower and the other (cluster 2 that includes Hubei province) higher number of e-bike fatalities/injuries. In the clustering-based regressions, the absolute coefficients of the COVID-19 feature for cluster 2 are much larger than those for cluster 1, indicating that the pandemic could significantly reduce e-bike safety issues in provinces with more e-bike fatalities/injuries.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Explanatory Variables Impacts in Compositional Regression Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Morais ◽  
Christine Thomas-Agnan ◽  
Michel Simioni
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Compositional Data Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Share Model ◽  
The Impact

We are interested in modeling the impact of media investments on automobile manufacturer's market shares. Regression models have been developed for the case where the dependent variable is a vector of shares. Some of them, from the marketing literature, are easy to interpret but quite simple (Model A). Alternative models, from the compositional data analysis literature, allow a large complexity but their interpretation is not straightforward (Model B).  This paper combines both approaches in order to obtain a performing market share model and develop relevant interpretations for practical use.We prove that Model A is a particular case of Model B, and that an intermediate specification is possible (Model AB). A model selection procedure is proposed. Several impact measures are presented and we show that elasticities are particularly useful: they can be computed from the transformed or from the original model, and they are linked to the simplicial derivatives.

scholarly journals Impact of adding and removing warning label messages from cigarette packages on adult smokers’ awareness about the health harms of smoking: findings from the ITC Canada Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e1) ◽  
pp. e56-e63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika C Green ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
Seth M Noar ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Representative Cohort

IntroductionAdding messages to cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) about the harms of smoking increases awareness of these health facts, but little is known about the impact of removing messages. This is the first study to directly investigate the impact of adding and removing messages from cigarette HWLs on smokers’ awareness of harms.MethodsData were drawn from nine waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Canada Survey, a national representative cohort of adult smokers (n=5863) conducted nearly annually between 2002 and 2013–2014. Two analytical approaches were conducted: generalised estimating equation (GEE) regression models estimated adjusted percentages of correct smoking-related health statements at each wave and segmented regression analyses modelled temporal trends in awareness before and after the revisions by measuring the difference in slopes.ResultsAdding messages to HWLs significantly increased awareness that smoking causes blindness (OR=3.36 (95% CI 2.71 to 4.18); p<0.001; estimated increase of 1.01 million smokers in Canada) and bladder cancer (OR=2.14 (95% CI 1.71 to 2.66), p<0.001; estimated increase of 1.09 million smokers). Adding the warning that nicotine causes addiction did not significantly impact smokers’ awareness. Removing messages was shown to decrease awareness that cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide (OR=0.53 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.70), p<0.001; estimated decrease of 342 000 smokers) and smoking causes impotence (p=0.007 for the difference in slopes; estimated decrease of 354 000 smokers).ConclusionsAdding messages to HWLs increases smokers’ awareness of health facts, but removing messages decreases awareness. These findings demonstrate the importance of carefully considering the implications of adding and especially removing messages from HWLs and the importance of regularly revising warnings.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL STATUS AND MIGRATION ON FEMALE AGE AT MARRIAGE IN AN HISTORICAL POPULATION IN NORTH-WEST GERMANY

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VOLAND ◽  
R. I. M. DUNBAR
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Female Age ◽  
North West ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

It has been suggested that parish-based reconstitution studies may underestimate the true age at marriage because they do not normally include data for emigrants who may be expected to behave differently from individuals who remain in their natal parishes. This study uses data from C18-19th parish registers of north-west Germany to estimate the difference in age at marriage between leavers and stayers. The difference is not significant for males; although that for females is significant, it is small and the consequence of failing to include migrants is likely to be negligible for most studies. However, it is shown that there is also an independent effect on age at marriage that is due to the woman's natal social (economic) status; historical demographic studies that ignore this dimension may risk confounding two different effects.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Good Season Start on Team Performance in Elite Handball

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
María A. Fernández-Villarino ◽  
Iván González-García ◽  
Patricio Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
High Range

AbstractThe aim of the current study was (i) to identify how important was a good season start in relation to elite handball teams’ performance, and (ii) to examine if this impact was related to the clubs’ financial budget. The match performances and annual budgets of all teams were collected from the Spanish Professional Handball League during ten seasons. The dependent variable was the difference between the ranking of each team in accordance to the annual budget and the ranking of each team at the end of the season. A k-means cluster analysis classified the clubs according to their budget as High Range Budget Clubs (HRBC), Upper-Mid Range Budget Clubs (UMRBC), Lower-Mid Range Budget Clubs (LMRBC) and Low Range Budget Clubs (LRBC). Data were examined through linear regression models. Overall, the results suggested that the better the team performance at the beginning of the season, the better the ranking at the end of the season. Each position in the ranking above expected in accordance to the budget of the teams in Rounds 3, 4 or 5 improved by 0.47, 0.50 or 0.49, respectively, in the ranking at the end of the season (p<0.05). However, the impact of the effect depended on the clubs’ annual budget. For UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC a good start to the season had a positive effect on the final outcome (p<0.05). Nevertheless, for HRBC, a good or a bad start of the season did not explain their final position. These variables can be used to develop accurate models to estimate final rankings. UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC can benefit from fine-tuning preseason planning in order to accelerate the acquisition of optimal performances.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

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