Early Life Exposure To Radiation Sensitizes Mice To Later Life Bacterial And Viral Challenges

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Johnston ◽  
Jacob N. Finkelstein ◽  
Casey M. Manning ◽  
Christina Reed ◽  
Eric Hernady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Life Exposure

scholarly journals Early Origins of Body Mass in Later Life: Examining Childhood Risks and Adult Pathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 002214652110054
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Mustillo ◽  
Miao Li ◽  
Patricia Morton ◽  
Kenneth F. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative

Prior research reveals that negative early-life experiences play a major role in the development of obesity in later life, but few studies identify mechanisms that alter the lifetime risk of obesity. This study examines the influence of negative childhood experiences on body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI ≥30) during older adulthood and the psychosocial and behavioral pathways involved. Using a nationally representative sample, we examine the influence of cumulative misfortune as well as five separate domains of misfortune on BMI and obesity. Results show that four of the five domains are associated with BMI and obesity either directly, indirectly, or both. The influence of cumulative misfortune on the outcomes is mediated by three adult factors: socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. The mediators identified here provide targets for intervention among older adults to help offset the health risks of excess BMI attributable of early-life exposure to misfortune.

scholarly journals Association between early-life exposure to the Great Chinese Famine and poor physical function later in life: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027450
Author(s):  
Tao Tao ◽  
Lingyan Dai ◽  
JinXiang Ma ◽  
Yusi Li ◽  
Zhuoyuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Early Life Exposure

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between early-life exposure to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) and the prevalence of poor physical function in midlife.DesignA population-based historical prospective study was performed as part of a wider cross-sectional survey. Exposure to famine was defined by birthdate, and participants were divided into non-exposed group, fetal-exposed group and infant-exposed group.Setting and participantsA total of 3595 subjects were enrolled into the study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 based on random selection of households that had at least one member aged 45 years old and older in 28 provinces of mainland China.Main outcome measuresPhysical function status was assessed by a six-item self-report on the Barthel scale which rated basic activities of daily living (BADL).Results743 (20.7%) out of all participants were exposed to the Great Chinese Famine in their fetal periods, while 1550 (43.1%) participants were exposed at the age of an infant. The prevalence of poor physical function in the non-exposed group, fetal period-exposed group and infant period-exposed group were 12.3%, 15.5% and 17.0%, respectively. Among males, after stratification by gender and severity of famine, the prevalence of poor physical function in the fetal period was significantly higher (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.89, p=0.015) than the non-exposed group in severely affected areas, even after adjusting for the number of chronic diseases, place of residence, smoking and alcohol drinking habits, marital status, educational level and body mass index. A similar connection between prenatal and early postnatal exposure to the Great Chinese Famine and the prevalence of poor physical function in midlife, however, was not observed from female adults.ConclusionsMales who were exposed to the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961) present considerably decreased physical function in their later life.

Fluoride Exposure in Early Life as the Possible Root Cause of Disease In Later Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Nakamoto ◽  
H Ralph Rawls
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Fluoride Exposure ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Dental Profession ◽  
Pass Through

Fluoride, one of the most celebrated ingredients for the prevention of dental caries in the 20th century, has also been controversial for its use in dentifrices and other applications. In the current review, we have concentrated primarily on early-life exposure to fluoride and how it may affect the various organs. The most recent controversial aspects of fluoride are related to toxicity of the developing brain and how it may possibly result in the decrease of intelligence quotient (IQ), autism, and calcification of the pineal gland. In addition, it has been reported to have possible effects on bone and thyroid glands. If nutritional stress is applied during a critical period of growth and development, the organ(s) and/or body will never recover once they pass through the critical period. For example, if animals are force-fed during experiments, they will simply get fat but never reach the normal size. Although early-life fluoride exposure causing fluorosis is well reported in the literature, the dental profession considers it primarily as an esthetic rather than a serious systemic problem. In the current review, we wanted to raise the possibility of future disease as a result of early-life exposure to fluoride. It is not currently known how fluoride will become a cause of future disease. Studies of other nutritional factors have shown that the effects of early nutritional stress are a cause of disease in later life.

scholarly journals Research Progress on Association between Early-Life Exposure to Phthalates and Childhood Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 690-695
Author(s):  
Zhang Rong-Hui-Nan
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Esters

Phthalates (Phthalic acid esters, PAEs) as a common industrial products, a growing body of scientific evidences indicate that exposure to PAEs in early life has a potential harmful effect on the growth and development of organisms in later life, among these hazards, exposure to PAEs widely may increase the risk of asthma in children, which has attracted more and more attention. This article introduced the reasons and effects of PAEs exposure in early life, the relationships between early-life PAEs exposure and childhood asthma from the perspectives of epidemiological and animal studies and the underlying mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals The Effects of Early Life Stress, Postnatal Diet Modulation, and Long-Term Western-Style Diet on Later-Life Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maralinde R. Abbink ◽  
Lidewij Schipper ◽  
Eva F.G. Naninck ◽  
Cato M.H. de Vos ◽  
Romy Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Early Life Exposure

Early life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop metabolic and brain disorders in adulthood. Breastfeeding (exclusivity and duration) is associated with improved metabolic and neurocognitive health outcomes, and the physical properties of the dietary lipids may contribute to this. Here, we tested whether early life exposure to dietary lipids mimicking some physical characteristics of breastmilk (i.e., large, phospholipid-coated lipid droplets; Concept Nuturis® infant milk formula (N-IMF)), could protect against ES-induced metabolic and brain abnormalities under standard circumstances, and in response to prolonged Western-style diet (WSD) in adulthood. ES was induced by exposing mice to limited nesting material from postnatal day (P) 2 to P9. From P16 to P42, male offspring were fed a standard IMF (S-IMF) or N-IMF, followed by either standard rodent diet (SD) or WSD until P230. We then assessed body composition development, fat mass, metabolic hormones, hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, and neurogenesis (proliferation and survival). Prolonged WSD resulted in an obesogenic phenotype at P230, which was not modulated by previous ES or N-IMF exposure. Nevertheless, ES and N-IMF modulated the effect of WSD on neurogenesis at P230, without affecting cognitive function, highlighting programming effects of the early life environment on the hippocampal response to later life challenges at a structural level.

scholarly journals Typhoid Fever, Water Quality, and Human Capital Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Beach ◽  
Joseph Ferrie ◽  
Martin Saavedra ◽  
Werner Troesken
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Level Data

New water purification technologies led to large mortality declines by helping eliminate typhoid fever and other waterborne diseases. We examine how this affected human capital formation using early-life typhoid fatality rates to proxy for water quality. We merge city-level data to individuals linked between the 1900 and 1940 Censuses. Eliminating early-life exposure to typhoid fever increased later-life earnings by one percent and educational attainment by one month. Instrumenting for typhoid fever using typhoid rates from cities that lie upstream produces results nine times larger. The increase in earnings from eliminating typhoid fever more than offset the cost of elimination.

scholarly journals Effect of Early Life Exposure of Polystyrene Microplastics on Behavior and DNA Methylation in Later Life Stage of Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongeun Im ◽  
Hyun-Jung Eom ◽  
Jinhee Choi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fish Behavior ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Toxic Potential

Abstract Microplastic contamination has received increasing attention in recent years, and concern regarding the toxicity of microplastics to the environment and humans has increased. In this study, we investigated the neurodevelopmental toxicity of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) in the zebrafish Danio rerio under different exposure scenario. We investigated the effect of early life exposure to PSMPs on responses later in life, under different exposure scenarios. Zebrafish were exposed to PSMPs during embrionic stage, then allowed the fish to recover. The neurodevelopmental toxic responses were investigated using fish behavior and behavior-related gene expression. Early life exposure to PSMPs did not alter fish behavior at the early stage, however, it led to hyperactivity later life-stage. Generally, oxidative stress (i.e. sod2 and nrf2a) and nervous system (i.e. slc6a4b, npy and nrbf2)-related gene expression increased in all PSMPs-exposed fish. DNA hypomethylation was observed in fish challenged for a second time using the same PSMPs. Taken together, the current results imply that PSMPs have neurodevelopmental toxic potential when introduced early in life.

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