Leveillula guilanensis (Erysiphales, Ascomycota): a new record from Europe with notes on the biogeography of the genus

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 451 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
ISAAC GARRIDO-BENAVENT ◽  
ANTONIO GÓMEZ-BOLEA ◽  
GUILLERMO BENÍTEZ
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
First Record ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
History Of

Powdery mildews are the subject of intense research due to their negative impact on agriculture or horticulture. The genetic diversity of these ascomycete fungi has only been surveyed in the last decades to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries, to propose new taxa, and to assess their biogeographic history. However, many of the resulting studies are revealing only a partial picture because of the uneven species sampling across the globe. Here, we studied three Leveillula collections occurring on wild plant species in the Iberian Peninsula, a region which lacked any previous knowledge on the genus’ genetic diversity. Our study provides the first record of L. guilanensis in Europe based on specimens from two distant localities in the Iberian Peninsula; the species was so far known only from Iran. It grew on living Chondrilla juncea and was parasitized by the hyperparasite fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis. The morphological and phylogenetic assignment of another collection to L. lanuginosa is reported as well. Furthermore, we inferred a chronogram based on an Erysiphales nrITS substitution rate that dated the crown node of Leveillula back to 22.48 million years ago. Clades including the Iberian Peninsula samples originated and diversified through the Neogene (Miocene to Pleistocene). These results suggest an overall older time frame for the evolution of Leveillula compared to previous works. All in all, the present study provides additional avenues for discussing the evolutionary and biogeographic history of this genus of powdery mildews.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

scholarly journals Out of Africa: did Emys orbicularis occidentalis cross the Strait of Gibraltar twice?

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Velo-Antón ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Soumia Fahd ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
Uwe Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North African ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonization Dynamics ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
First Time

The narrow Strait of Gibraltar has separated the African and European continents since the Miocene (5.3 Mya), with a different degree of permeability for Mediterranean taxa. Southern and northern regions of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, respectively, are key areas to evaluate the colonization dynamics and biogeographic history of taxa occurring at both sides of this strait. The Ibero-Maghrebian subspecies of the European pond turtle, Emys orbicularis occidentalis, is patchily distributed and threatened throughout most of the Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco and its origin is thought to be in North Africa. Here we expand the geographic sampling across the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, with special emphasis in the southern tip of the peninsula and northern Morocco, and analyze mtDNA sequences of 183 E. o. occidentalis to better understand the complex biogeographic history of this subspecies. We provide for the first time evidence for shared haplotypes of Iberian and North African pond turtles, with an additional haplotype in the southern Iberian Peninsula derived from Moroccan haplotypes. This supports the hypothesis that the Strait of Gibraltar constitutes no significant biogeographic barrier for E. orbicularis. However, the newly discovered shared, or extremely similar, haplotypes of European pond turtles from the southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco suggest either that at least two independent natural colonization waves from Morocco have reached the Iberian Peninsula or that Moroccan turtles were accidentally or deliberately introduced there.

scholarly journals A comprehensive overview of the genetic diversity in Thylamys elegans (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae): establishing the phylogeographic determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Boric-Bargetto ◽  
Álvaro Zúñiga-Reinoso ◽  
Oscar Inostroza-Michel ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano ◽  
Daniel González-Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background For the genus Thylamys, the rivers have been reported as barriers to dispersal, limiting current and historical distribution of its lineages. We hypothesized that the Maipo river has affected the genetic structure of northern and southern lineages of Thylamys elegans, recovering a phylogenetic relationships with reciprocally monophyletic sister groups on opposite river banks. We evaluated the role of other rivers in the Mediterranean zone of Chile as historical and recent modulators of the biogeographic processes of this species. Methods We applied a phylogeographic approach, using the cytochrome-b mitochondrial gene for 93 individuals of T. elegans, from 37 localities in a latitudinal gradient between 21°25’ and 35˚56’S, encompassing a geographic area between the Atacama Desert and most of the Mediterranean Chilean zone. Results The phylogenetics results recovered six lineages within T. elegans: Thylamys elegans elegans, Thylamys elegans coquimbensis, the Loa lineage and three other lineages not described previously (Aconcagua, South 1 and South 2). We suggest that following rivers play a role like primary barrier: the Maipo river in the genetic differentiation of northern and southern ancestral lineages, and the Mataquito river and its tributary Teno river for the South 1 and South 2 lineages. On the other hand, the Quilimarí river preserve the genetic divergence in T. e. coquimbensis and Aconcagua lineage and the Aconcagua river in Aconcagua lineage and T. e. elegans acting like secondary barriers. Conclusions We concluded that the genetic diversity and biogeographic history of T. elegans was shaped by mountain glaciers, changes in river water levels during the Pleistocene glaciations and hyperaridity, promoting the differentiation and persistance of the T. elegans lineages.

scholarly journals A western representative of an eastern clade: phylogeographic history of the gypsophilous plant Nepeta hispanica

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ramos-Gutierrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno Saiz ◽  
Mario Fernandez-Mazuecos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

The preference of certain plant species for gypsum soils leads to disjunct population structures that are thought to generate island-like dynamics potentially influencing biogeographic patterns at multiple evolutionary scales. Here, we study the evolutionary and biogeographic history of Nepeta hispanica, a western Mediterranean plant associated with gypsum soils and displaying a patchy distribution with populations very distant from each other. Three approaches were used: (a) interspecific phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear DNA sequences of the ITS region to unveil the relationships and times of divergence between N. hispanica and its closest relatives; (b) phylogeographic analyses using plastid DNA regions trnS-trnG and psbJ-petA to evaluate the degree of genetic isolation between populations of N. hispanica, their relationships and their genetic diversity; and (c) ecological niche modelling to evaluate historical distributional changes. Results reveal that N. hispanica belongs to an eastern Mediterranean and Asian clade diversified in arid environments since the Miocene-Pliocene. This species represents the only extant lineage of this clade that colonized the western Mediterranean, probably through the northern Mediterranean coast (southern Europe). Present Iberian populations display a high plastid genetic diversity and, even if geographically distant from each other, they are highly connected according to the distribution of plastid haplotypes and lineages. This can be explained by a scenario involving a complex history of back-and-forth colonisation events, facilitated by a relative stability of suitable conditions for the species across the Iberian Peninsula throughout the Quaternary.

The perils and dangers of these knights (and undead peasants): Interpreting English and Scottish Extent Rolls of 1297–1305

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Compte Rendu ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources

Medieval Scottish economic and social history has held little interest for a unionist establishment but, just when a recovery of historic independence begins to seem possible, this paper tackles a (perhaps the) key pre-1424 source. It is compared with a Rutland text, in a context of foreign history, both English and continental. The Berwickshire text is not, as was suggested in 2014, a ‘compte rendu’ but rather an ‘extent’, intended to cross-check such accounts. Read alongside the Rutland roll, it is not even a single ‘compte’ but rather a palimpsest of different sources and times: a possibility beyond earlier editorial imaginings. With content falling (largely) within the time-frame of the PoMS project (although not actually included), when the economic history of Scotland in Europe is properly explored, the sources discussed here will be key and will offer an interesting challenge to interpretation. And some surprises about their nature and date.

Examining the entry of Walmart into South Africa: A stakeholder management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Tembinkosi Bonakele ◽  
Dave Beaty ◽  
Fathima Rasool ◽  
Drikus Kriek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

The recent entry of the US multinational Walmart into South Africa has proved to be a source of controversy. Key stakeholders in South Africa objected to the merger and attempted to block it unless certain conditions were met. The aim of this study was to examine the controversy and the conditions surrounding the merger. The research employed a qualitative archival analysis to examine publicly available sources of information with regard to the merger. The findings revealed key stakeholders’ concerns that Walmart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports which would displace local producers, increase unemployment, marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards unless certain conditions were met. The results also revealed problems relating to the firm’s primary focus on “business” while neglecting “public interest” issues, naively relying on their “local retailer” to manage key stakeholders, and assuming that their perceived controversial reputation regarding treatment of trade unions and their views about unemployment as well as the controversies surrounding their history of entry into other global markets would not have the major negative impact it did on stakeholders in South Africa.

The Aristocracy in England and Tuscany, 1000 - 1250

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Coss
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
English History ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
English Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interpretative Framework

Part I of this book is an in-depth examination of the characteristics of the Tuscan aristocracy across the first two and a half centuries of the second millennium, as studied by Italian historians and others working within the Italian tradition: their origins, interests, strategies for survival and exercise of power; the structure and the several levels of aristocracy and how these interrelated; the internal dynamics and perceptions that governed aristocratic life; and the relationship to non-aristocratic sectors of society. It will look at how aristocratic society changed across this period and how far changes were internally generated as opposed to responses from external stimuli. The relationship between the aristocracy and public authority will also be examined. Part II of the book deals with England. The aim here is not a comparative study but to bring insights drawn from Tuscan history and Tuscan historiography into play in understanding the evolution of English society from around the year 1000 to around 1250. This part of the book draws on the breadth of English historiography but is also guided by the Italian experience. The book challenges the interpretative framework within which much English history of this period tends to be written—that is to say the grand narrative which revolves around Magna Carta and English exceptionalism—and seeks to avoid dangers of teleology, of idealism, and of essentialism. By offering a study of the aristocracy across a wide time-frame and with themes drawn from Italian historiography, I hope to obviate these tendencies and to appreciate the aristocracy firmly within its own contexts.

scholarly journals Amazonia as the Origin and Diversification Area of Didelphidae (Mammalia: Metatheria), and a Review of the Fossil Record of the Clade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela C. Castro ◽  
Murilo J. Dahur ◽  
Gabriel S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Fossil Records

AbstractDidelphidae is the largest New World radiation of marsupials, and is mostly represented by arboreal, small- to medium-sized taxa that inhabit tropical and/or subtropical forests. The group originated and remained isolated in South America for millions of years, until the formation of the Isthmus of Panama. In this study, we present the first reconstruction of the biogeographic history of Didelphidae including all major clades, based on parametric models and stratified analyses over time. We also compiled all the pre-Quaternary fossil records of the group, and contrasted these data to our biogeographic inferences, as well as to major environmental events that occurred in the South American Cenozoic. Our results indicate the relevance of Amazonia in the early diversification of Didelphidae, including the divergence of the major clades traditionally ranked as subfamilies and tribes. Cladogeneses in other areas started in the late Miocene, an interval of intense shifts, especially in the northern portion of Andes and Amazon Basin. Occupation of other areas continued through the Pliocene, but few were only colonized in Quaternary times. The comparison between the biogeographic inference and the fossil records highlights some further steps towards better understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of the clade. Finally, our results stress that the early history of didelphids is obscured by the lack of Paleogene fossils, which are still to be unearthed from low-latitude deposits of South America.

Evolution and biogeographic history of the Saguinus mystax group (Primates, Callithrichidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daysa Athaydes ◽  
Cayo A. R. Dias ◽  
Renato Gregorin ◽  
Fernando A. Perini
Keyword(s):  
Saguinus Mystax ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
History Of

First record of albino lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus 1758) in an important Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Mariana Bueno Landis ◽  
Luciano Candisani ◽  
Leticia Prado Munhoes ◽  
João Carlos Zecchini Gebin ◽  
Frineia Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
First Record ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris

AbstractAlbinism is the absence of pigmentation or coloration and is rarely found in nature. In this study we examined photos and videos obtained by cameras traps in the Legado das Águas Reserve. In the images, we identified two albino lowland tapirs. The results highlight the necessity of understanding the genetic diversity of lowland tapir populations and the important role of the professional photography associated with scientific research.

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