Osteological characterization of four putative species of the genus Adenomera (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with comments on intra- and interspecific variation

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1403 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA LAURA PONSSA ◽  
W. RONALD HEYER
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

Previous osteological characterizations of members of the frog genus Adenomera have been based on selected features. The purpose of this study is to establish a detailed osteological description of four putative species of the genus Adenomera. There is considerable variation, which we postulate corresponds to both intra- and interspecific variation. Osteology should provide a set of characters appropriate for cladistic analyses to help elucidate relationships within the Subfamily Leptodactylinae. Much of the adult osteological variation has a high probability of having evolved through the process of heterochrony.

Systematic studies in Paniceae (Poaceae): Homopholis and Whalleya gen. et sp. nov.

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Wills ◽  
R. D. B. Whalley ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
The Third ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

The taxonomy ofHomopholis C.E.Hubb. is revised, and anew genus Whalleya K.E.Wills & J.J.Bruhl isdescribed. Relationships among the known species ofHomopholis (H. belsonii C.E.Hubb.,H. proluta F.Muell., and a putative species,H. sp. nov.), and the relationships betweenHomopholis and other genera within the Paniceae were investigated. Morphological and anatomical data forHomopholis and selected species ofDigitaria and Panicum were analysed phenetically and cladistically. The value and contribution ofcharacters to the findings were assessed. In the phenetic analyses, threedistinct clusters of species were formed. The first cluster includedDigitaria coenicola (F.Muell.) Hughes,D. divaricatissima (R.Br.) Hughes andD. papposa (R.Br.) P.Beauv.; the second,Panicum effusum R.Br.,P. queenslandicum Domin var.queenslandicum and P. simileDomin; and the third, H. sp. nov.,H. proluta, H. belsonii andP. subxerophilum Domin. Specimens ofH. belsonii noticeably separated from the other threespecies. For the cladistic analyses, species ofEntolasia and Thyridolepis were used as outgroup taxa. One most parsimonious tree was produced.Homopholis belsonii was well supported as the most basalmember of the ingroup. The three species ofDigitariaformed a well-supported clade.Panicum effusum, P. queenslandicumvar. queenslandicum and P. simileformed a well-supported clade, and were the sister group toEntolasia marginata (R.Br.) Hughes andE. stricta (R.Br.) Hughes.Panicum subxerophilum was in a clade (=Whalleya) with H. sp. nov. andH. proluta, with P. subxerophilumand H. proluta as sister species.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multitermination CG Flashes Using a 3D Lightning Mapping System (FALMA)

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao ◽  
Wang ◽  
Shi ◽  
Wu ◽  
Takagi
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mapping Array ◽  
Cg Lightning

We characterized 205 multiple-termination negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes that were imaged by the Fast Antenna Lightning Mapping Array (FALMA) in Japan during the summer of 2017. The parameters we used included termination number, termination distance, fork height, return stroke (RS) number, the interval between the first RS of each termination, the shortest time difference between the strokes at different terminations, and the first RS intensities separated by termination occurrence orders. It was found that the multiple-termination flashes (MTFs) had a termination number ranging from 2 to 5, with the majority (148/205) at 2. The termination distance (with high probability) was between 2 and 4 km, with 10 out of 359 MTF termination distances being longer than 10 km. For most MTFs (146/205), their leader forks for different terminations occurred at a height between 4 and 6 km, indicating that the fork process mainly occurred inside the cloud. The RS number of the MTFs ranged from 2 to 18, with an arithmetic mean (AM) value of 5.8. The interval between the first RS of each termination in the MTFs ranged from 0.5 to 965.3 ms, with an AM value of 225.6 ms, while the shortest time difference between the strokes at different terminations had an AM value of 189.6 ms. The intensity of the first stroke in each termination tended to decrease with increasing termination occurrence orders.

Morphological variability and molecular characterization of Mawsonascaris australis (Johnston & Mawson, 1943) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Acanthocheilidae) from the brown guitarfish Rhinobatos schlegelii Müller & Henle (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-T. Zhao ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
L. Li
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

AbstractA rare ascaridoid species, Mawsonascaris australis (Johnston & Mawson, 1943), is reported from the Taiwan Strait for the first time, and the brown guitarfish Rhinobatos schlegelii Müller & Henle (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) represents a new fish host. The detailed morphology of M. australis was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based on the newly collected specimens. The results revealed some important, but previously unreported or erroneous, morphological features, including the lateral alae starting well posterior to the base of the ventrolateral lips, the presence of one pair of double paracloacal papillae and a single, small precloacal median papilla on the anterior margin of the cloaca. In addition, in order to determine whether the morphometric difference in the relative lengths of the right and left spicules represents intraspecific or interspecific variation, specimens of M. australis were characterized using molecular approaches by sequencing and analysing the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cox1 genes. The results indicate that this morphometric difference represents intraspecific variability.

scholarly journals Generalized Kings and Single-Elimination Winners in Random Tournaments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasin Manurangsi ◽  
Warut Suksompong
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Directed Path ◽  
Tight Bound ◽  
Random Models ◽  
Natural Notion ◽  
Probability Threshold

Tournaments can be used to model a variety of practical scenarios including sports competitions and elections. A natural notion of strength of alternatives in a tournament is a generalized king: an alternative is said to be a k-king if it can reach every other alternative in the tournament via a directed path of length at most k. In this paper, we provide an almost complete characterization of the probability threshold such that all, a large number, or a small number of alternatives are k-kings with high probability in two random models. We show that, perhaps surprisingly, all changes in the threshold occur in the regime of constant k, with the biggest change being between k = 2 and k = 3. In addition, we establish an asymptotically tight bound on the probability threshold for which all alternatives are likely able to win a single-elimination tournament under some bracket.

Characterization of New Molecular Markers of Three Botflies Parasitizing Cervid Hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M de la Fuente ◽  
Noelia Caparrós ◽  
José M Mora-Rodríguez ◽  
María Molina ◽  
Gaël Aleix-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Tandem Repeat Sequences ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Simple Repeats ◽  
Its1 And Its2

Abstract Specific identification of oestrid larvae is usually problematic not only when using morphobiometric features, but also when applying molecular criteria, since very few molecular markers have been described for this group of flies. New molecular markers for oestrid are needed for more reliable species identification, diagnostic purposes, and epidemiological surveys; moreover, they can help in phylogenetic reconstruction. Here, we report the characterization of COI, 28S rDNA, ITS1, and ITS2 in Cephenemyia stimulator from roe deer and in Cephenemyia auribarbis and Pharyngomyia picta from red deer. The COI and 28S rDNA are very uniform in length, while the ITSs sequences are highly variable at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. The described ITSs sequences were longer than those described for other dipteran species by the presence of simple repeats and tandem repeat sequences. In C. auribarbis both ITS1 and ITS2 appeared as two variants, one short and the other long. In general, the analyzed markers present low intraspecific genetic variation and high interspecific variation. ITSs showed the greatest amount of intraspecific and interspecific variation. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the characterized sequences differentiate the species and genera of Oestridae.

scholarly journals Percursos migratórios nos territórios da costura / Migratory routes in the sewing territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Tavares de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Life Narratives ◽  
Migratory Routes

Neste artigo, abordaremos os percursos migratórios de bolivianos e bolivianas no interior dos territórios da costura em São Paulo e Buenos Aires. A partir de uma caracterização dessa migração como território circulatório, argumentamos ser necessária a compreensão das formas como os migrantes articulam, em sua experiência social, os vários fatos de mobilidade que compõem seus percursos migratórios na costura. Para tanto, propomos a metodologia das narrativas de vida como narrativas de práticas. Finalizamos o artigo com a apresentação de dois percursos típicos: i) aqueles que se integram de fato em uma das sociedades de destino, apresentando pouca probabilidade de retorno, mesmo quando seguem engajados nos territórios da costura e, ii) aqueles que retornam para a Bolívia após uma primeira experiência, com alta probabilidade de reinserção nos territórios da costura.  In this article, we will approach the migratory routes of Bolivians within the sewing territories in São Paulo and Buenos Aires. Based on a characterization of this migration as a circulatory territory, we argue that it is necessary to understand the ways in which migrants articulate, in their social experience, the various mobility facts that make up their migratory routes in sewing territories. Therefore, we propose the methodology of life narratives as narratives of practice. To conclude, we present two typical routes: i) those who actually integrate into one of the destination cities, presenting little probability of return, even when they remain engaged in the sewing territories and; ii) those who return to Bolivia after a first experience, with a high probability of reintegration in the sewing territories.     

scholarly journals Multi-omic Characterization of Intraspecies Variation in Laboratory and Natural Environments

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan G. Behringer
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Intraspecies Variation ◽  
Subglacial Lake

Investigation of microbial communities has led to many advances in our understanding of ecosystem function, whether that ecosystem is a subglacial lake or the human gut. Within these communities, much emphasis has been placed on interspecific variation and between-species relationships.

scholarly journals Preliminary characterization of the Quercus pubescens complex in southern Italy using molecular markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Di Pietro ◽  
Piera Di Marzio ◽  
Gaby Antonecchia ◽  
Antonio Luca Conte ◽  
Paola Fortini
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Taxonomic Point ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

Quercus pubescens s.l. is a group of taxonomically intricate and highly debated deciduous white oaks widely distributed in southern Europe. The Apulia Region occupies the south-easternmost part of the Italian peninsula; the land-use pattern is based on extensive agricultural systems and only 10% is covered by forests that are mainly composed of oak woods. It is the region in Italy showing the highest number of oak species, among which four putative species of the Quercus pubescens group, have been reported in floras and checklists with uncertain taxonomic value because of the overlapping of diagnostic characters. In this paper, we carried out a molecular analysis on natural populations of Q. pubescens s.l. distributed throughout the Apulian region. Individuals from 24 pubescent oak populations were sampled and each tree was genotyped at 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Overall, the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.629, and the allelic richness (Ar) ranged between 2.130 and 7.187. No differentiation was observed among the populations investigated, and the genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) was 0.036. Gene flow among populations was found to be relatively high (Nm = 6.664). From a taxonomic point of view, the possibility of the coexistence of more than one species among the Apulian pubescent oaks reported in the taxonomic and syntaxonomic literature is not supported by the results of this molecular analysis.

scholarly journals Age determination for 269 Gaia DR2 open clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
pp. A108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bossini ◽  
A. Vallenari ◽  
A. Bragaglia ◽  
T. Cantat-Gaudin ◽  
R. Sordo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Open Clusters ◽  
Distance Modulus ◽  
New Era ◽  
Data Release ◽  
Stellar Models ◽  
Gaia Dr2

Context. The Gaia Second Data Release provides precise astrometry and photometry for more than 1.3 billion sources. This catalog opens a new era concerning the characterization of open clusters and test stellar models, paving the way for better understanding of the disk properties. Aims. The aim of the paper is to improve the knowledge of cluster parameters, using only the unprecedented quality of the Gaia photometry and astrometry. Methods. We have made use of the membership determination based on the precise Gaia astrometry and photometry. We applied an automated Bayesian tool, BASE-9, to fit stellar isochrones on the observed G, GBP, GRP magnitudes of the high probability member stars. Results. We derive parameters such as age, distance modulus, and extinction for a sample of 269 open clusters, selecting only low reddening objects and discarding very young clusters, for which techniques other than isochrone-fitting are more suitable for estimating ages.

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