The aquatic and littoral forms of the Patagonian frog Atelognathus patagonicus (Batrachylinae): new molecular evidence

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3129 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIZA B. MARTINAZZO ◽  
NÉSTOR G. BASSO ◽  
CARMEN A. ÚBEDA
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Control Region ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Balanced Polymorphism ◽  
And Control

Atelognathus patagonicus is one of the eight species included in the Patagonian genus Atelognathus, an endemic frog occurring in the system of endorheic basaltic lagoons of the Laguna Blanca National Park (PNLB), Neuquén, Argentina. Based on morphological data, Cei & Roig (1968) described two forms of A. patagonicus, which they called “aquatic” and “littoral”. These morphotypes were first suggested to belong to different species, but later, Cei (1972) proposed that both forms represent a balanced polymorphism within A. patagonicus. More recently, an ecomorphological study showed that aquatic and littoral are reversible forms of the same individual (phenotypic plasticity). In this paper we compare the morphotypes of A. patagonicus using nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA (cytochrome b and control region) in order to test the existence of genetic differentiation between the aquatic and littoral forms. In addition, we present data of genetic variability of A. patagonicus from the Laguna Blanca system. We did not detect genetic differentiation between littoral and aquatic morphotypes for both genes studied. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis of phenotypic plasticity. In contrast with the expected results for low vagility organisms, the diversity index observed in A. patagonicus revealed a low genetic variability.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Limits of Mitochondrial Control Region to Estimate the Fine Scale Population Genetic Differentiation in Anadromous FishTenualosa ilisha

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Verma ◽  
Mahender Singh ◽  
Sudhir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Population Genetic Differentiation ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
And Control

The mitochondrial control region has been the first choice for examining the population structure but hypervariability and homoplasy have reduced its suitability. We analysed eight populations using control region for examining the population structure ofHilsa. Although the control region analysis revealed broad structuring between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (FST  0.0441,p<0.001) it was unable to detect structure among riverine populations. These results suggest that the markers used must be able to distinguish populations and control region has led to an underestimation of genetic differentiation among populations ofHilsa.

scholarly journals First national record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011 and G. yunnanensis Yu, Li, Wang, Rao, Wu &Yang, 2019 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sengvilay Lorphengsy ◽  
Tan Nguyen ◽  
Nikolay Poyarkov ◽  
Yun-He Wu ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Western China ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
Northern Thailand

The bushfrog genus Gracixalus Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean &amp; Ohler, 2005 is found in southern and south-western China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. It is presently comprised of 17 species. In Thailand, only two species have been recorded, namely G. carinensis (Boulenger) and G. seesom (Massui, Khonsue, Panha &amp; Eto). The latter of these two species is currently known to be endemic to the country. Based on recent field work conducted in 2019 in Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan Province of northern Thailand, we are reporting two new records of the genus Gracixalus, G. quangi and G. yunnanensis, from Thailand, based on morphological and molecular evidence. In addition, this is the first study to report on the identification of a female specimen of G. yunnanensis. Furthermore, morphological data and natural history notes of the aforementioned species in Thailand have been provided, along with updated locations for the distribution of both species.

Phylogenetic relationships, population connectivity, and development of genetic assignment testing in Buller's Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri ssp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jana Wold
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Fishing Vessels

<p>The Diomedeidae (Albatrosses) family is comprised of 22 recognised species, 13 are of high conservation concern because they are experiencing population declines. The taxonomy of albatrosses has always been problematic, which makes it difficult to estimate the number and size of breeding groups within a species. The Northern Buller’s Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri platei) and Southern Buller’s Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri bulleri) (Robertson & Nunn 1998; Turbott 1990) were recognised as separate species until 2006. A review of morphological data provided a basis for defining them as one species (Thalassarche bulleri); a result that was supported by international conservation agreements. However, there was no genetic data available at the time to corroborate the taxonomic change. The species status of Buller’s Albatross ssp. is an important issue because they are consistently recorded in the top five observed seabird interactions with commercial fishing vessels within New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone. Despite their prevalence in fisheries interactions, the relative impact of commercial fishing activity on northern and southern populations is unknown. Incidental mortality of albatrosses in commercial fisheries is recognised as a primary source of population disturbance.  The overall goal of this thesis research was to investigate the genetic differences between the two sub-species of Buller’s Albatross. DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from a total of 73 birds from two Northern Buller’s Albatross colonies (n = 26) and two Southern Buller’s Albatross colonies (n = 47). The degree of genetic differentiation between the Northern and Southern taxa was estimated using DNA sequences from a 221 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region, Domain II (CRII). The genetic differentiation between regional colony groups was high (pairwise ΦST = 0.621, p < 0.00001). Two haplogroups were identified within Northern Buller’s Albatross, while Southern Buller’s Albatross samples composed a single haplogroup. An analysis of molecular variance did not find any significant population structuring at the colony level. All individuals sampled from fisheries bycatch (n = 97) were assigned with maximum probability to either Northern (n = 19) or Southern Buller’s Albatross (n = 78; P = 1.00). The DNA sequences differences found in the mitochondrial control region can be used to assign provenance of T. bulleri ssp. samples, which will be a useful conservation management tool.  In addition, a genome wide set of markers was obtained using a Genotyping by Sequencing approach. DNA was digested using restriction enzymes, fragments were labeled adaptor sequences, and shotgun sequenced on an Illumina platform by AgResearch. The Stacks pipeline was used to filter the sequences and obtain a set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across the genome. Estimates of genetic diversity and gene flow were conducted for 26 319 putative loci comprised of 54,061 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Estimates of genetic diversity were consistent across datasets with both taxa exhibiting similar levels of nucleotide diversity (Northern π ≈ 0.002 – 0.004; Southern π ≈ 0.002 – 0.003). However, estimates of genetic differentiation increased slightly as filtering protocols became increasingly restrictive (FST ≈ 0.019 – 0.048). This low level of differentiation was supported by admixture analyses, which identified two distinct ‘clusters’, one corresponding to T. b. platei and the second to T. b. bulleri. The results of this research demonstrate that Northern and Southern Buller’s Albatrosses are two genetically distinct groups.</p>

Phylogenetic relationships, population connectivity, and development of genetic assignment testing in Buller's Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri ssp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jana Wold
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Fishing Vessels

<p>The Diomedeidae (Albatrosses) family is comprised of 22 recognised species, 13 are of high conservation concern because they are experiencing population declines. The taxonomy of albatrosses has always been problematic, which makes it difficult to estimate the number and size of breeding groups within a species. The Northern Buller’s Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri platei) and Southern Buller’s Albatross (Thalassarche bulleri bulleri) (Robertson & Nunn 1998; Turbott 1990) were recognised as separate species until 2006. A review of morphological data provided a basis for defining them as one species (Thalassarche bulleri); a result that was supported by international conservation agreements. However, there was no genetic data available at the time to corroborate the taxonomic change. The species status of Buller’s Albatross ssp. is an important issue because they are consistently recorded in the top five observed seabird interactions with commercial fishing vessels within New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone. Despite their prevalence in fisheries interactions, the relative impact of commercial fishing activity on northern and southern populations is unknown. Incidental mortality of albatrosses in commercial fisheries is recognised as a primary source of population disturbance.  The overall goal of this thesis research was to investigate the genetic differences between the two sub-species of Buller’s Albatross. DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from a total of 73 birds from two Northern Buller’s Albatross colonies (n = 26) and two Southern Buller’s Albatross colonies (n = 47). The degree of genetic differentiation between the Northern and Southern taxa was estimated using DNA sequences from a 221 bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region, Domain II (CRII). The genetic differentiation between regional colony groups was high (pairwise ΦST = 0.621, p < 0.00001). Two haplogroups were identified within Northern Buller’s Albatross, while Southern Buller’s Albatross samples composed a single haplogroup. An analysis of molecular variance did not find any significant population structuring at the colony level. All individuals sampled from fisheries bycatch (n = 97) were assigned with maximum probability to either Northern (n = 19) or Southern Buller’s Albatross (n = 78; P = 1.00). The DNA sequences differences found in the mitochondrial control region can be used to assign provenance of T. bulleri ssp. samples, which will be a useful conservation management tool.  In addition, a genome wide set of markers was obtained using a Genotyping by Sequencing approach. DNA was digested using restriction enzymes, fragments were labeled adaptor sequences, and shotgun sequenced on an Illumina platform by AgResearch. The Stacks pipeline was used to filter the sequences and obtain a set of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across the genome. Estimates of genetic diversity and gene flow were conducted for 26 319 putative loci comprised of 54,061 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Estimates of genetic diversity were consistent across datasets with both taxa exhibiting similar levels of nucleotide diversity (Northern π ≈ 0.002 – 0.004; Southern π ≈ 0.002 – 0.003). However, estimates of genetic differentiation increased slightly as filtering protocols became increasingly restrictive (FST ≈ 0.019 – 0.048). This low level of differentiation was supported by admixture analyses, which identified two distinct ‘clusters’, one corresponding to T. b. platei and the second to T. b. bulleri. The results of this research demonstrate that Northern and Southern Buller’s Albatrosses are two genetically distinct groups.</p>

scholarly journals Population genetic variation analysis of bitter gourd wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae in China using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Kangdi Guo ◽  
Kunqi Hong ◽  
Huijun Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Group I

AbstractBitter gourd wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae (FOM) is a devastating crop disease in China. A total of 173 isolates characteristic of typical Fusarium oxysporum with abundant microconidia and macroconidia on white or ruby colonies were obtained from diseased plant tissues. BLASTn analysis of the rDNA-ITS of the isolates showed 99% identity with F. oxysporum species. Among the tested isolates, three were infectious toward tower gourd and five were pathogenic to bottle gourd. However, all of the isolates were pathogenic to bitter gourd. For genetic differences analysis, 40 ISSR primers were screened and 11 primers were used for ISSR-PCR amplification. In total, 127 loci were detected, of which 76 were polymorphic at a rate of 59.84%. POPGENE analysis showed that Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.09 and 0.15, respectively, which indicated that the genetic diversity of the 173 isolates was low. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.33 > 0.15) indicated that genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. The strength of gene flow (Nm = 1.01 > 1.0) was weak, indicating that the population differentiation caused by gene drift was blocked to some degree. The dendrogram based on ISSR markers showed that the nine geographical populations were clustered into two groups at the threshold of genetic similarity coefficient of 0.96. The Shandong and Henan populations were clustered into Group I, while the Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hubei populations constituted Group II. Results of the genetic variation analysis showed that the Hunan and Guangxi populations had the highest degree of genetic differentiation, while the Hubei population had the lowest genetic differentiation. Our findings enrich the knowledge of the genetic variation characteristics of FOM populations with the goal of developing effective disease-management programs and resistance breeding programs.

A new species of smooth-skinned Spinomantis frog (Anura: Mantellidae) from south-eastern Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4317 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
MIGUEL VENCES ◽  
JÖRN KÖHLER ◽  
FRANK GLAW
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Candidate Species

We present molecular evidence for the presence of two species morphologically similar to Spinomantis bertini in Andohahela National Park, south-eastern Madagascar, differing by 5.5−6.3% pairwise DNA sequence divergences in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. One of these was observed at higher elevations of ca. 1650 m above sea level, whereas the other was found at lower elevations of ca. 715 m a.s.l., close to the type locality of S. bertini (Isaka-Ivondro), and in one other location (Andreoky, ca. 1050 a.s.l.). We herein assign these low- to mid-elevation specimens to S. bertini based on their occurrence near the type locality and general agreement in colour pattern with the type specimen of Gephyromantis bertini Guibé, 1947. The high-elevation form is described as Spinomantis beckei sp. nov. based on its molecular divergence and reciprocal monophyly with respect to S. bertini, lower expression of greenish dorsal colour and less distinct frenal stripe. Based on a comparison of published call descriptions for S. bertini and our recordings of S. beckei, we hypothesize that S. bertini has a lower note repetition rate in advertisement calls. Molecular data suggest that the S. bertini species complex is more diverse than previously recognized, with at least two more candidate species identified: S. sp. Ca7 from Ranomafana National Park, and a newly identified candidate species S. sp. Ca12 from Pic d’Ivohibe Special Reserve. 

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Cercospora coffeicola from Organic and Conventional Coffee Plantings, Characterized by Vegetative Compatibility

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1205-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Martins ◽  
L. A. Maffia ◽  
E. S. G. Mizubuti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Cercospora Coffeicola

Cercospora leaf spot is a destructive fungal disease that has become a threat to the coffee industry in Brazil. Nevertheless, little is known about populations of its causal agent, Cercospora coffeicola. We evaluated the potential of using nitrogen-nonutilizing (nit) mutants and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) to characterize the genetic variability of the C. coffeicola population associated with coffee plantings in Minas Gerais state (MG), Brazil. A total of 90 monosporic isolates were obtained from samples collected according to a hierarchical sampling scheme: (i) state geographical regions (Sul, Mata, and Triângulo), and (ii) production systems (conventional and organic). Nit mutants were obtained and 28 VCGs were identified. The 10 largest VCGs included 72.31% of all isolates, whereas each of the remaining 18 VCGs included 1.54% of the isolates. Isolates of the largest VCGs were found in the three regions sampled. Based on the frequencies of VCGs at each sampled level, we estimated the Shannon diversity index, as well as its richness and evenness components. Genetic variability was high at all hierarchical levels, and a high number of VCGs was found in populations of C. coffeicola associated with both conventional and organic coffee plantings.

Morphological and genetic variability of Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi Zimmermann, 1980 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3323 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVEL SROKA ◽  
ALEXANDER V. MARTYNOV ◽  
ROMAN J. GODUNKO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
The Individual

Specimens of Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi Zimmermann, 1980 from the three distant geographic regions (Crimean Pen-insula, Eastern Ukraine and Caucasus) are investigated and compared using a methodological approach combining mor-phological and molecular (partial mtDNA COI sequences) data. Intraspecific variability in several morphologicalcharacters is recognized and described, whereas COI sequences are found to be very uniform. The amount and distributionof the changes of COI sequences do not follow the pattern of morphological variability and/or geographic origin of thespecimens. This indicates that analysis of the changes in the COI sequence can contradict the pattern of morphologicalcharacters commonly used for the discrimination of the individual Rhodobaetis species. As a basis for the future taxonom-ic changes concerning subgenus Rhodobaetis, it is advised (where possible) to critically evaluate both molecular and morphological data.

Genetic Variability and Control of Nodal Root Angle in Sorghum

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 2011-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
Colleen H. Hunt ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Angle ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nodal Root Angle

scholarly journals Distribution of Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and its Conservation Threats in Bardia National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Pramila Koirala ◽  
Bijaya Neupane ◽  
Thakur Silwal ◽  
Bijaya Dhami ◽  
Siddhartha Regmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Conservation Threats ◽  
And Control

Blue bull is Asia’s largest antelope, a species of least concern in IUCN Red data list of 2020. In Nepal, it is vulnerable and is often considered as a problem animal for its crop raiding habit. Although, its population is restricted in India and Nepal, there are insufficient studies conducted on the distribution and threats of the species at local level. This study aimed to assess the distribution of blue bull and its conservation threats in Bardia National Park and its buffer zone. Field survey was carried out to identify the potential area with the information provided by park staff and buffer zone people and by the transect method in the selected habitat to determine the distribution of blue bull population. Additionally, six focus group discussions (1 in each of thefive sites and 1 with park staff) and a half-day workshop (involving 25 participants representing each site and park office) were organized to assess the existing threats to the species. Data were analyzed descriptively using MS Excel, while the distribution map was prepared using Arc GIS. Also, 8 major identified threats were ranked using relative threat ranking procedure and classified into four severity classes. We found that the population of blue bull was dispersed from core area of Bardia National Park towards the buffer zone area. Open grazing, invasive species, predation by tiger and flash flood were the major threats to the blue bull as perceived by the local people. Habitat management activities including control of grazing, removal of invasive plant species, plantation of palatable grass species, increase in other prey species of tiger and control of flood in blue bull’s habitats are recommended to protect the species and thus sustain their threatened population.

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