Revision of the genus Carybdea (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): clarifying the identity of its type species Carybdea marsupialis

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
MELISSA J. ACEVEDO ◽  
ILKA STRAEHLER-POHL ◽  
ANDRÉ C. MORANDINI ◽  
SERGIO N. STAMPAR ◽  
BASTIAN BENTLAGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Carybdea Marsupialis

While records of Carybdea marsupialis in the literature suggest a worldwide distribution of this species, the validity of some of these records has been questioned recently, as has the validity of some nominal Carybdea species. We inspected material of all known species of Carybdea from multiple locations (i.e. Spain, Algeria, Tunisia, Puerto Rico, California, Hawaii, Australia, South Africa, and Japan) using morphological and genetic tools to differentiate Carybdea species as well as understand their evolutionary relationships. We observed morphological differences between adult medusae of Mediterranean and Caribbean C. marsupialis; the most obvious differences were the structure of the phacellae, the structure of the pedalial canal knee bend, and the number and structure of the velarial canals. The characters of the adult Mediterranean specimens agree with the description provided by Claus (1878) for individuals of C. marsupialis from the Adriatic Sea (Italy); specimens from the Caribbean (Puerto Rico) agreed with the description of C. xaymacana by Conant (1897). Significant differences between both species were also observed in the newly released medusa stage. Further, we resolved a discord about the undefined polyp culture originating from Puerto Rico that was long considered Carybdea marsupialis but should be referred to as C. xaymacana. Although C. marsupialis is currently considered the only species of Cubozoa to occur in the Mediterranean, specimens collected in Algeria and Tunisia suggest that species of Alatinidae may also be present in the Mediterranean. Our investigations indicate that Carybdea spp. are more restricted in their geographical distribution than has been recognized historically. These findings confirm that Carybdea arborifera Maas, 1897 from Hawaii, Carybdea branchi, Gershwin & Gibbons, 2009 from South Africa, Carybdea brevipedalia Kishinouye, 1891 from Japan, Carybdea confusa Straehler-Pohl, Matsumoto & Acevedo, 2017 from California, Carybdea marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 from the European Mediterranean Sea, Carybdea rastonii Haacke, 1886 from South Australia, and Carybdea xaymacana, Conant, 1897 from the Caribbean Sea are valid names representing distinct species, rather than synonyms. A taxonomic key for all valid species is provided, and a neotype for C. marsupialis is designated. 

scholarly journals Lepidochitona pseudoliozonis, una nueva especie de quitón (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae) del norte del Caribe

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedar I. García-Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase I ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Morphological Differences

<p>The genus <em>Lepidochitona</em> (Gray 1821) contains relatively small chitons with a distinctive girdle, dorsally clothed with non-overlapping calcareous corpuscles. In the Caribbean, it is represented by four species: <em>L. liozonis</em> (Dall, &amp; Simpson, 1901), <em>L. rosea</em> Kaas, 1972, <em>L. rufoi</em> García-Ríos, 2010 and <em>L. bullocki</em> García-Ríos, 2011. A rutinary morphological inspection of 10 specimens of a <em>Lepidochitona</em> species from the Florida Keys was concordant with <em>L. liozonis </em>(the only species of the genus informed for Florida). They did not show many morphological differences that could justify its separation from the specimens from Puerto Rico (the type locality). However, the comparison of sequences of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of <em>L. liozonis </em>from Puerto Rico and the Florida specimens showed a divergence of 14%. This divergence is incompatible with a reproductively connected species. In addition to their genetic differences, the new species differs from <em>L</em>. <em>liozonis</em> in having bigger size, longer marginal spicules and a postmucronal slope very concave.</p>

scholarly journals Morphological and genetic divergence between Mediterranean and Caribbean populations of Madracis pharensis (Heller 1868) (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae): too much for one species?

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4471 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
FRANCESCA BENZONI ◽  
ROBERTO ARRIGONI ◽  
MICHAEL L . BERUMEN ◽  
MARCO TAVIANI ◽  
PIM BONGAERTS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
Caribbean Populations ◽  
Study Species

The colonial stony coral genus Madracis is cosmopolitan, lives in shallow and deep water habitats, and includes zooxanthellate, azooxanthellate and facultative symbiotic species. One of its species, Madracis pharensis, has been recorded from the Mediterranean and East Atlantic, where it forms small knobby and facultative zooxanthellate colonies (also named M. pharensis f. pharensis), and from the tropical Caribbean, where it also occurs in a massive and zooxanthellate form (named M. pharensis f. luciphila by some). These two forms have been previously found to host different Symbiodinium species. In this study, species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships between these two Madracis pharensis forms (from the Mediterranean Sea and the Caribbean), M. senaria, and the Indo-west Pacific M. kirbyi were analyzed through an integrated systematics approach, including corallite dimensions, micromorphology and two molecular markers (ITS and ATP8). Significant genetic and morphological differences were found between all the examined Madracis species, and between M. pharensis from the Mediterranean Sea and M. pharensis f. luciphila from the Caribbean in particular. Based on these results, the latter does not represent a zooxanthellate ecomorph of the former but a different species. Its identity remains to be ascertained and its relationship with the Caribbean M. decactis, with which it bears morphologic resemblance, must be investigated in further studies. Overall, the presence of cryptic Madracis species in the Easter and Central Atlantic Ocean remains to be evaluated. 

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular evidence support the intertidal barnacle Octomeris intermedia Nilsson-Cantell, 1921 (Thoracica, Chthamalidae) as a valid species in Indo-Pacific waters

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Benny K. K. Chan ◽  
Yao Fong Tsao ◽  
Monthon Ganmanee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
Morphological Differences

Octomeris is a chthamalid intertidal barnacle with eight shell plates. There are currently two species of such barnacles: O. brunnea Darwin, 1854 (type locality in the Philippines), common in the Indo-Pacific region, and O. angulosa Sowerby, 1825, only recorded in South Africa. Octomeris intermedia Nilsson-Cantell, 1921, identified from the Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar, was considered to be conspecific with O. brunnea by Hiro (1939) based on samples collected in Taiwan. The morphological differences in shell and opercular plates between O. brunnea and O. intermedia are believed to be intra-specific variations due to different degrees of shell erosion. In the present study, the genetic and morphological differentiations of Octomeris in the Indo-Pacific region were examined. This study found two molecular clades (with inter-specific differences) based on the divergence in the COI genes, and the species also have distinct geographical distributions. The Octomeris brunnea clade covers samples collected from the Philippines and Taiwan waters and the other clade, which we argue is O. intermedia, is distributed in Phuket and Krabi, Thailand and Langkawi, Malaysia. Phuket and Krabi are located approximately 300 km south of the Mergui Archipelago, the type locality of O. intermedia. The morphology of samples collected from Thailand fits the type description of O. intermedia in Nilsson-Cantell (1921). Our study concludes that O. intermedia is a valid species based on morphological and molecular evidence.

Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences of some Kampimodromus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) species: Is Kampimodromus ragusai a valid species or a synonym of Kampimodromus aberrans?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Doker ◽  
Kamil Karut ◽  
Mete M. Karaca ◽  
Elena Cargnus ◽  
Cengiz Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Public ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Mite Family

Taxonomy of the most important predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is essentially based on morphological observations, and only a few studies use molecular approaches. In some cases, tiny morphological differences (e.g. number of teeth on cheliceral digits, presence of dorsal solenostomes) should be observed for accurate species identification. Kampimodromus ragusai Swirski & Amitai, originally described from Israel, was suspected as a junior synonym of K. aberrans (Oudemans) in an earlier study. The only difference between these two species is the presence or absence of a tooth on the movable digit (MD) of chelicera. In this study, we conducted molecular analyses, using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker, to determine whether K. ragusai is synonymous to K. aberrans or a valid species. DNA sequences of several populations of three other Kampimodromus species collected from Croatia and Italy were included to the study. ITS sequences of other Kampimodromus species deposited in the public GenBank database were also used. Results revealed a 5% genetic distance between K. ragusai and K. aberrans (Jukes & Cantor model). In the phylogenetic tree, K. ragusai is located in a different clade clearly separated from all other K. aberrans. Therefore, these results validate that K. ragusai and K. aberrans are altogether two distinct species. Presence or absence of a tooth on MD of chelicera is a reliable morphological character to differentiate these two species. Additionally, a GenBank sequence deposited as K. aberrans is identical to K. corylosus Kolodochka. This result clearly demonstrates the importance of combining molecular and morphological data to phytoseiid taxonomy, and the need to generate reliable data in publicly available gene bank databases.

scholarly journals Sinkhole and brackish water nereidid polychaetes: Revision of Stenoninereis Wesenberg-Lund, 1958 (Annelida)

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Conde-Vela
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
A New Species

Stenoninereis species are nereidids with a small body (ca. 35 chaetigers), dorsal cirri with conspicuous cirrophores and cirrostyles, bare pharynx, and lack of neuropodial ventral ligules throughout the body. Currently, there are two valid species, S.martini Wesenberg-Lund, 1958 from the Lesser Antilles and S.tecolutlensis de León-González &amp; Solís-Weiss, 1997 from Eastern Mexico. Niconlackeyi Hartman, 1958 has been regarded as a junior synonym of S.martini. The examination of type and topotype specimens indicated that N.lackeyi is a distinct species and both species are redescribed, S.martini is restricted to the Caribbean islands, and N.lackeyi is reinstated and transferred to Stenoninereis. Further, Puerto Rican specimens differ from these known species and a new species, S.elisae is also described, featured mainly by large cirrophores and short cirrostyles in anterior and middle chaetigers. Further discussions about their morphology and phylogenetic affinities and a key to identify all known Stenoninereis species are also included.

Mycosphaerella brassicicola. [Distribution map].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Norfolk Island ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella brassicicola (Duby) Lindau. Hosts: Cabbage, cauliflower etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Rwanda, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, Asia, Cambodia, China, Szechwan, India, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Israel, Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, NSw, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Europe, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Azores, Sweden, UK, Britain, Guernsey, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, California, Hawaii, Illinois, New York, Oregon, Texas, Washington, Central America & West Indies, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Central America ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
West Indies ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans (E. F. Smith & Bryan) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Cucurbitaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Gabon, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, USSR, Tadizhikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Europe, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Switzerland, UK, England, USSR, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Venezuela.

Notes on the genus Frithia (Mesembryanthemaceae) and the descrip­tion of a new species, E humilis, in South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Burgoyne ◽  
G. F. Smith ◽  
F. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
North West ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

Frithia N.E.Br (Mesembryanthemaceae), formerly thought to be a monotypic genus, has been found to comprise two species. Populations from the eastern parts of the distribution range of Frithia pulchra N.E.Br. are recognised as a distinct species,  Frithia humilis PM Burgoyne The genus has a limited distribution, although present in three provinces of South Africa, namely Gauteng, North-West and Mpumalanga. The two window-leaved species are allopatnc and morphological differences between the roots, leaves, flowers, pollen, capsules and seeds are discussed. A formal description of the new species, an identification key and a distribution map of the two species are provided.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean islands aquifer system of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Renken ◽  
W. C. Ward ◽  
I.P. Gill ◽  
Fernando Gómez-Gómez ◽  
Jesús Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The U.S
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