Taxonomy of Moenkhausia australis Eigenmann, 1908 (Characiformes, Characidae) with a discussion on its phylogenetic relationships

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4688 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAIS REIA ◽  
ANA MARIA P. F. VICENSOTTO ◽  
CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA ◽  
RICARDO C. BENINE
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
Rio Madeira

The species Moenkhausia australis was described based on two specimens from arroyos Trementina and Chagalalina, Rio Paraguai basin, Paraguay. Its taxonomic history is complex and for many years the species was considered a synonym of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae. Moenkhausia australis shares a reticulated color pattern with the Moenkhausia oligolepis/M. sanctaefilomenae complex, being more similar within the species included in the complex to M. oligolepis, M. sanctaefilomenae, and M. forestii, with which it shares a prepelvic region laterally compressed, a feature also observed in Bario steindachneri. The laterally compressed prepelvic region is inferred to be putatively synapomorphic for the subgroup herein denominated as Moenkhausia oligolepis group. Our results, based on both molecular and morphological data, support the validity of Moenkhausia australis, which can be readily distinguished from the other members of the group by possessing the following combination of characters: complete lateral line, 23–27 scales in the lateral line, and five scales series above and below the lateral line. Our analysis also indicates three genetic structured populations of M. australis, from Rio Paraguai, upper Rio Paraná, and Rio Madeira basins. Since they are not diagnosable by morphological characters, we conservatively maintain these three genetic lineages as a single species. 

scholarly journals A new Silver Dollar species of Metynnis Cope, 1878 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) from Northwestern Brazil and Southern Venezuela

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Priscila Ota ◽  
◽  
Lúcia Helena Rapp Py-Daniel ◽  
Michel Jégu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Silver Dollar ◽  
Rio Madeira

ABSTRACT A new Metynnis is described from the rio Negro in Brazil and Venezuela, and from black- or clearwater tributaries in Brazil including the rios Parauari, Uatumã, Trombetas, and Sucunduri (the latter belonging to the rio Madeira basin). The new species can be distinguished readily from all congeners by having a high concentration of dark chromatophores on the lateral line scales. It can be further distinguished by the combination of head length 24.3-27.5% of SL, 13-18 gill-rakers on upper limb and 16-24 gill-rakers on lower limb. The new species is most similar to and likely most closely related to Metynnis hypsauchen . These two species share a similar color pattern, body shape and sexual dimorphism of the anal fin. However, they differ in that M. hypsauchen has a lightly pigmented lateral line. The new species is also distinguished from M. hypsauchen by having 56-65 predorsal scales and 90-104 lateral line scales (vs . 36-54, and 65-82, respectively). A detailed osteological description of the new species is provided.

Clinal Variation in Electrophoretic and Morphological Characters between Two Nominal Species of the Genus Pseudomugil (Pisces : Atheriniformes : Pseudomugilidae)

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Hadfield ◽  
V Ivantsoff ◽  
PG Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Eastern Australia

Electrophoretic and morphological comparisons were made between 14 populations representing the major part of the known range of the nominal fish species, Pseudomugil signifer Kner and Pseudomugil signatus (Gunther), described from the fresh and brackish waters of eastern Australia. Analysis by principal components was used to assess the morphological data. .Clinal variation revealed in 10 morphological characters and at two enzyme loci was found to bridge most of the previously described differences between species. The type material of P. signatus afinis from the Low Isles, Queensland, was re-examined and did not appear to differ morphologically from the coastal species. It is therefore suggested that the populations studied represent a single species Pseudomugil signifer Kner.

The ‘xenosmatoid’ group of Cortinarius (Agaricales) in New Zealand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 438 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
BÁLINT DIMA ◽  
KARL SOOP
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nrdna Its ◽  
One New Species

Cortinarius section Xenosmatae, originally based on solely morphological characters, was subsequently shown to contain phylogenetically distantly related species. The type species C. xenosma is a singleton, and this study aims to revise the other members of the section using combined molecular (nrDNA ITS and LSU) and morphological data. Based on phylogenetic analyses using RAxML, PhyML and Bayesian Inference and additional morphological features one new species (C. paraxenosma) and one new section (sect. Olorinati) are proposed. Furthermore sect. Carbonelli is extended and emended to include two former members of sect. Xenosmatae. A key to the species in New Zealand with xenosmatoid morphology is provided.

Description of a new genus and two new species of killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) from West Africa, with a discussion of the taxonomic status of Aphyosemion maeseni Poll, 1941

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2294 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAINER SONNENBERG ◽  
ECKHARD BUSCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Adult Males

The phylogeny of the West African genus Archiaphyosemion was studied with mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. The results of the combined dataset presented here did not support a monophyletic group. After the exclusion of the type species of the genus, A. guineense, the remaining species form a well-supported monophyletic group. Based on these molecular results and supported by morphological data, we suggest a new name for this group, Nimbapanchax, new genus. Additionally, based on a recent collection in Guinea, two new Nimbapanchax species were described. The taxon Nimbapanchax leucopterygius, new species, is described for a nothobranchiid fish formerly misidentified as Archiaphyosemion maeseni (Poll, 1941). Nimbapanchax melanopterygius, new species, is described from the Mount Nimba region in southeastern Guinea. Both new Nimbapanchax species are clearly distinguished from their congeners by the coloration pattern of adult males. The results of the DNA data support the assumption based on color pattern and morphological characters that the new described species are sister taxa. The type of Aphyosemion maeseni Poll, 1941 was reexamined and transferred to the genus Epiplatys, a decision based on diagnostic morphological characters.

Two new species of Jupiaba (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Tapajós and rio Madeira drainages, Brazil, with an identification key to species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2262 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ L. NETTO-FERREIRA ◽  
ANGELA M. ZANATA ◽  
JOSÉ L.O. BIRINDELLI ◽  
LEANDRO M. SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Rio Madeira

Two new species of Jupiaba Zanata are described from Brazil. Jupiaba iasy, new species, is described from rio Teles Pires and rio Jamanxim, tributaries of rio Tapajós, and from rio Aripuanã, in the rio Madeira drainage. It is distinguished from its congeners by its color pattern consisting of a single posteriorly displaced dark crescent-shaped humeral blotch, situated over the first 5 to 7 lateral line scales, and an inconspicuous dark spot at the end of caudal peduncle. It also differs from all remaining Jupiaba for the following combination of characters: 34-36 lateral line scales, 19–21 branched anal-fin rays, 8–10 predorsal scales arranged in a regular row, 6 horizontal series of scales above and 4 series below lateral line, body depth 32.3–36.1% of SL, and absence of filamentous rays in the first dorsal and anal-fin rays. Jupiaba paranatinga, new species, is described from rio Teles Pires, tributary of rio Tapajós. It is distinguished by having 34–35 lateral line scales, two vertically elongated humeral blotches, a conspicuous caudal spot at the end of the caudal peduncle, extending over 8–10 median caudal-fin rays, eye diameter 43.7–46.9% of HL, and relatively low body depth (31.3–35.5% of SL). Additionally, comments on the putative relationships of the new species with their congeners and an updated key to the species of the genus are provided.

Taxonomic revision of Carex chungii (Cyperaceae; sect. Mitratae) and allied species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
XIAO-FENG JIN
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Specific Rank

In this paper, Carex chungii and other five names at species rank, plus one variety and one form, all from of C. sect. Mitratae, were revised. They constitute a group of morphologically very similar taxa, difficult to tell apart. Our study was based on literature survey, fieldwork, herbarium specimens, statistical analysis of morphological characters and SEM observations of achenes and perigynia. Analysis of morphological data of 94 individuals from eleven populations using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed five clusters, which we consequently considered to correspond to five species. The achenes of Carex genkaiensis were strikingly different from all the other species regarding achene apex contracted into a 0.2–0.5 mm long neck-like appendage (vs. into a discoid-annulate style-base), as well as its perigynium indumentum (pubescent vs. sparsely pubescent). Carex anhuiensis, C. xuanchengensis and C. truncatirostris f. erostris are all synonymized to C. truncatirostris. The previously recognized Carex kamagariensis from Japan is synonymized to C. chungii. Carex chungii var. rigida is recognized as specific rank and the new name C. nanpingensis is proposed. Our study is the first effort to address the taxonomy of this complicate group as a whole in its entire range.

New species of Rhyacoglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from rio Tocantins basin, northern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Shibatta ◽  
Marcelo S. Rocha ◽  
Renildo R. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
A New Species

Abstract A new species of Rhyacoglanis is described from the rapids of Jatobal, Pará State, Brazil. This species differs from the congeners by fusing hypurals 3, 4, and 5 (vs. hypural 5 free). It also differs from the other species, except for Rhyacoglanis epiblepsis, by the color pattern with numerous dark spots on the body, short post-cleithral process, rounded pectoral and caudal fins, and incomplete lateral line. This species is known only from the type locality, which is currently flooded by the Tucuruí reservoir.

scholarly journals Is the matamata only one species? Morphological variation and color polymorphism in the South American turtle Chelus fimbriatus (Schneider, 1783) (Pleurodira: Chelidae)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaella C Garbin ◽  
Ulisses Caramaschi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Coloration Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Osteological Characters

Background. Studies on the geographic variation of the matamata, Chelus fimbriatus, have previously demonstrated differences between carapace shape, plastral pigmentation and the ventral coloration of the neck between populations from the Amazon and Orinoco river basins, but did not discuss whether these populations should be considered different species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the taxonomic status of C. fimbriatus and to describe its intraspecific and ontogenetic variability and sexual dimorphism based on morphology and osteology. Methods. We analyzed 277 morphological characters and 138 osteological characters of the skull and shell of 82 matamatas from the four known populations (Amazon, Orinoco, Guyana and Tocantins) and performed the Population Aggregation Analysis (PAA) species delimitation test in searching for character states that are exclusive to and fixed between populations. The t Student test was also performed in order to observe sexual dimorphism. Results. Considerable overlap in character states between different populations prevents the recognition of these populations as independent species. Chelus fimbriatus has a high level of polymorphism, particularly among morphological and color pattern characters. Unlike what have been stated on previous studies, we recognise four different carapace shapes, of which the anteriorly larger oval shape is the most common one. Two coloration patterns can be found both for the plastron and the carapace that are strongly correlated with one another, but no such correlation was observed with geographic distribution. We furthermore recognise three states of neck coloration pattern. Ontogenetic variability was observed in the coloration of the carapace, plastron, and the underside of the neck, in that juveniles have a stronger pigmentation than adults. Sexual dimorphism was established for six morphometric variables of the shell and 20 variables of the skull. As expected, females are significant larger than males for all these variables, such as carapace, plastron and skull length. New osteological characters, such as the presence of a serrated medial process in the palatine and a pair of anterolateral tubercles in the basioccipital were observed. Discussion. This is the first study to confirm the presence of sexual dimorphism in C. fimbriatus using morphological and morphometric variables and to document infraspecific variation in detail. The possible presence of two subspecies has been discussed since the 19th century based on alleged geographic variation in coloration patterns. However, this hypothesis could not be confirmed in the context of this study and the matamata should therefore still be considered a single species with a wide distribution range.

Review of the genus Malacoctenus (Actinopterygii: Labrisomidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic, with description of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-520
Author(s):  
ALFREDO CARVALHO-FILHO ◽  
IVAN SAZIMA ◽  
SERGIO MAIA QUEIROZ LIMA ◽  
DANIEL ALMEIDA ◽  
LIANA MENDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

The labrisomid genus Malacoctenus from Southwestern Atlantic is reviewed. Two new species of scaly blennies formerly reported by several authors as Malacoctenus triangulatus are described. One is found at the oceanic islands Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Atol das Rocas, and the other is distributed along the Brazilian coastline. The two new species differ from other species of the genus and from each other by different combinations of the number of lateral-line scales, number and size of head cirri, and color pattern. Molecular data also support species’ distinctiveness between M. triangulatus and the species described herein. Two additional recognized Brazilian species, M. delalandii and M. brunoi are described and illustrated and an identification key to all recognized Atlantic species is provided.

Convergence of molecular and morphological data reveals phylogenetic information on Tetranychus species and allows the restoration of the genus Amphitetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Navajas ◽  
J. Gutierrez ◽  
T. Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Tetranychus Viennensis

AbstractNucleotide sequence variation and morphological characters were used to study the evolutionary relationships among nine tetranychid mites species. A phylogenetic study of this family based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences had previously placed the species Tetranychus viennensis Zacher outside the other species analysed in the genus. Phylogenetic relations within the genus were re-examined with the addition of the species Tetranychus quercivorus Ehara & Gotoh, which is morphologically close to T. viennensis. Another region of the genome, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, was also studied and proved to be of considerable interest at this taxonomic level. Both COI and ITS2 sequences indicated a close relationship between T. viennensis and T. quercivorus, which are grouped together and distinct from the other Tetranychus examined. The two species display morphological characteristics such as the absence of a medio-dorsal spur on all empodia of the legs of both sexes and the presence of anastomosing peritremes. This distinguishes them from the other members of the genus Tetranychus. The convergence of molecular and morphological data suggests that T. viennensis and T. quercivorus should not be classified in the genus Tetranychus. It is proposed that the genus Amphitetranychus Oudemans should be restored for classification of these species. Finally, a key to the Tetranychini tribe genera with one pair of para-anal setae is presented.

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