Priority of Carl Linnaeus as the author of the oldest species of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): Daphnia pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) and Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1758) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4803 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
ALEXEY A. KOTOV
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

In taxonomy, it is important to maintain chronological order in taxon naming and understanding. Here, I confirm that according to the rules of Zoological Nomenclature, Carl Linnaeus must be regarded as the author of two common cladoceran taxa, Daphnia pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) and Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1758). Both were established in the 10th Edition of “Systema Naturae”, the starting point of Zoological Nomenclature. The history of these taxa is described. 

scholarly journals The evolution of the animals: introduction to a Linnean tercentenary celebration

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1496) ◽  
pp. 1421-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian J Telford ◽  
D. Timothy J Littlewood
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Data Errors ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Evolution By Natural Selection ◽  
Made In

Celebrating 300 years since the birth of Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), a meeting was held in June 2007 to review recent progress made in understanding the origins and evolutionary radiation of the animals. The year 2008 celebrates the 250th anniversary of the publication of the 10th edition of Linnaeus' Systema Naturae , generally considered to be the starting point of zoological nomenclature. With subsequent advances in comparative taxonomic and systematic studies, Darwin's discovery of evolution by natural selection, the birth of phylogenetic systematics, and the wider interest in biodiversity, it is salutary to consider that many of the major advances in our understanding of animal evolution have been made in recent years. Phylogenetic systematics, drawing from evidence provided by genotype, phenotype and an understanding of the link between them through comparative embryological and evolutionary developmental studies, has provided a wide consensus of the major branching patterns of the tree of life. More importantly, the integrated approaches discussed in the 16 contributions to this volume highlight the identity and nature of problematic taxa, the missing data, errors in existing analytical procedures and the promise of a wealth of additional characters from genomes that need to be accumulated and assessed in providing a definitive Systema Naturae .

scholarly journals THE EUROPEAN BISON OF THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY IN PARIS AND THE HISTORY OF ZOOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY MUSEOGRAPHY IN THE XVIII AND XIX CENTURY

Kosmos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Daszkiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Samojlik ◽  
Anastasia Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
European Bison ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Georges Cuvier ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Zoology ◽  
Xix Century

This article presents a history of the European bison specimens preserved at the National Museum of NaturalHistory (MNHN) in Paris. The inventory made in 1945 by Jacques Millot, who first noticed the importance of these collections for the conservation of the species, constitutes a starting point of the present analysis. The oldest European bison of the MNHN collection came from the royal menagerie of Versailles. Louis Jean-Marie Daubenton was the first who has published a description of the species, four years before publication of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus. Then Georges Cuvier, when working on the MNHN collections, distinguished the European bison from aurochs and compared it to the American bison. His research has contributed to the development of the notion of “extinct species”. This article presents also the history of the European bison from the Zoo of Cologne and the specimens from Petersburg, by Friedrich von Brandt, with a focus on the difficulties of obtaining specimens of the European bison in XIX century. European bison specimens from the National Museum of Natural History in Paris have played a particularly important role in the history of the species biology. They also offer an interesting perspective for genetic studies on the species.

The Modernities of H. Lawrence Freeman

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-779
Author(s):  
David Gutkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Black Press ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
White Press ◽  
Grand Opera

H. Lawrence Freeman's “Negro Jazz Grand Opera,” Voodoo, was premiered in 1928 in Manhattan's Broadway district. Its reception bespoke competing, racially charged values that underpinned the idea of the “modern” in the 1920s. The white press critiqued the opera for its allegedly anxiety-ridden indebtedness to nineteenth-century European conventions, while the black press hailed it as the pathbreaking work of a “pioneer composer.” Taking the reception history of Voodoo as a starting point, this article shows how Freeman's lifelong project, the creation of what he would call “Negro Grand Opera,” mediated between disparate and sometimes apparently irreconcilable figurations of the modern that spanned the late nineteenth century through the interwar years: Wagnerism, uplift ideology, primitivism, and popular music (including, but not limited to, jazz). I focus on Freeman's inheritance of a worldview that could be called progressivist, evolutionist, or, to borrow a term from Wilson Moses, civilizationist. I then trace the complex relationship between this mode of imagining modernity and subsequent versions of modernism that Freeman engaged with during the first decades of the twentieth century. Through readings of Freeman's aesthetic manifestos and his stylistically syncretic musical corpus I show how ideas about race inflected the process by which the qualitatively modern slips out of joint with temporal modernity. The most substantial musical analysis examines leitmotivic transformations that play out across Freeman's jazz opera American Romance (1924–29): lions become subways; Mississippi becomes New York; and jazz, like modernity itself, keeps metamorphosing. A concluding section considers a broader set of questions concerning the historiography of modernism and modernity.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

An Introduction to Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving R. Epstein ◽  
John A. Pojman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Chemical Oscillators ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Undergraduate Laboratory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics

Just a few decades ago, chemical oscillations were thought to be exotic reactions of only theoretical interest. Now known to govern an array of physical and biological processes, including the regulation of the heart, these oscillations are being studied by a diverse group across the sciences. This book is the first introduction to nonlinear chemical dynamics written specifically for chemists. It covers oscillating reactions, chaos, and chemical pattern formation, and includes numerous practical suggestions on reactor design, data analysis, and computer simulations. Assuming only an undergraduate knowledge of chemistry, the book is an ideal starting point for research in the field. The book begins with a brief history of nonlinear chemical dynamics and a review of the basic mathematics and chemistry. The authors then provide an extensive overview of nonlinear dynamics, starting with the flow reactor and moving on to a detailed discussion of chemical oscillators. Throughout the authors emphasize the chemical mechanistic basis for self-organization. The overview is followed by a series of chapters on more advanced topics, including complex oscillations, biological systems, polymers, interactions between fields and waves, and Turing patterns. Underscoring the hands-on nature of the material, the book concludes with a series of classroom-tested demonstrations and experiments appropriate for an undergraduate laboratory.

Presbyterians and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 525-537
Author(s):  
Mark Douglas
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Second Great Awakening ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Ethics ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

The history of ethics in the Presbyterian Church has been shaped by the theological commitments of Reformed theology, the church’s ecumenical and interreligious encounters, its interactions with the wider cultures in which it functions, and its global scope. Consequently, Presbyterian ethics have become increasingly diverse, culturally diffused, ecumenically directed, and frequently divisive. That said, its history can helpfully be divided into three lengthy periods. In the first (roughly from the church’s origins in 1559 to the Second Great Awakening in the early nineteenth century), theology, ethics, and politics are so interwound that distinguishing one from the others is difficult. In the second (roughly from the Second Great Awakening to the end of World War II), moral concerns emerge as forces that drive the church’s theology and polity. And in the third (for which proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 might be a heuristically helpful starting point), ethics increasingly functions in ways that are only loosely tethered to either Reformed theology or polity. The strength of the church’s social witness, the consistency of its global engagements, and the failings of its internecine strife are all evident during its five-hundred-year history.

scholarly journals 335 - BEHÇET DISEASE PRESENTING WITH ACUTE PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
A.M. Carvalheiro ◽  
A.R. Fonseca ◽  
J. Maia
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Behçet Disease ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Behcet Disease ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesUsing as a starting point a clinical case, the authors performed a literature review to clarify the relationship between Behçet disease and acute psychosis.MethodsAnalysis of the patient's clinical process and brief review of the latest available literature on the subject, published in PubMed/Medline databases.ResultsMale patient, 55 years old, brought to the emergency room by fever, headache, hetero-aggressive behavior, disinhibited behavior, mood swings, euphoria, persecutory delusions and insomnia, in the last 4 days. He had no insight into his illness. There was no personal or family history of psychiatric illness and toxicological habits were irrelevant. Due to the personal history of posterior uveitis with bilateral macular edema, retinal vasculitis, genital aphthosis, papulo-vesicular lesions and recurrent bipolar aphthosis, the hypothesis of neuro-behçet was raised.ConclusionsBehçet's disease can present with neurological involvement - neuro -behçet - and can manifest itself with several psychiatric symptoms (euphoria, lack of insight, disinhibited behavior, agitation or psychomotor retardation, persecutory delusions, obsessive thoughts, anxiety, depression, insomnia or memory changes). Fever and headache usually appear in the prodromal stage and can be signs of onset or recurrence of the disease. The prevalence of neuro-behçet ranges from 2 to 50% and usually occurs 1 to 10 years after the first symptoms of the disease. Since it appears as the first manifestation of the disease in only 3% of cases, it is difficult to diagnose. The literature suggests that symptoms are generally resistant to treatment with conventional psychotropic drugs and so it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.”

scholarly journals Population genomic and historical analysis suggests a global invasion by bridgehead processes in Mimulus guttatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Vallejo-Marín ◽  
Jannice Friedman ◽  
Alex D. Twyford ◽  
Olivier Lepais ◽  
Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Mimulus Guttatus ◽  
Introduced Populations ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Invasion

AbstractImperfect historical records and complex demographic histories present challenges for reconstructing the history of biological invasions. Here, we combine historical records, extensive worldwide and genome-wide sampling, and demographic analyses to investigate the global invasion of Mimulus guttatus from North America to Europe and the Southwest Pacific. By sampling 521 plants from 158 native and introduced populations genotyped at >44,000 loci, we determined that invasive M. guttatus was first likely introduced to the British Isles from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska), followed by admixture from multiple parts of the native range. We hypothesise that populations in the British Isles then served as a bridgehead for vanguard invasions worldwide. Our results emphasise the highly admixed nature of introduced M. guttatus and demonstrate the potential of introduced populations to serve as sources of secondary admixture, producing novel hybrids. Unravelling the history of biological invasions provides a starting point to understand how invasive populations adapt to novel environments.

Humboldtian plant geography after Humboldt: the link to ecology

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Biology ◽  
Plant Geography ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
History Of

In his classic textbook,The History of Biology, Erik Nordenskiöld suggested that there had existed, throughout the nineteenth century, not one but two distinct forms of plant geography. He designated one of these traditions of inquiry ‘floristic’ plant geography, tracing its origins back to the work of Carl Linnaeus on species and their distributions. The second form Nordenskiöld termed ‘morphological’, by which he meant that its practitioners concentrated upon the study of vegetation rather than flora. He located the origins of this tradition of inquiry within the botanical work of Alexander von Humboldt.

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