Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-331
Author(s):  
MICHEL ROUX ◽  
MICHEL PHILIPPE
Keyword(s):  
Early Miocene ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Stalked Crinoids ◽  
The Mediterranean

Using recent samplings and specimens from ancient collections, 14 sites and five species of stalked crinoids have been listed in the Miocene of the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Three species and two genera are new for science: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n sp. (Balanocrininae), Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (Rhizocrinidae) and Gastecrinus vinealis n. gen., n. sp. (Incertae sedis). The identification among the Mediterranean Miocene fauna of the genus Metacrinus, now confined to the Indo-Pacific province, was confirmed by the discovery of brachial ossicles attributed to Metacrinus berthei. The richest and most diversified site was exposed during temporal excavations at the Place du Palais des Papes in Avignon. Four out of the five stalked crinoid species were found in this fossil assemblage in which M. berthei predominates. ?Endoxocrinus gastaldii is associated with M. berthei in several sites. Using dissociated ossicles, differences in quantitative and qualitative characters between these two species are deeply analyzed with their taphonomical, taxonomical and paleoecological consequences. Paleoreliefs and valleys, which had been incised during the Burdigalian, channeled currents. They favored stalked crinoid settlement on various substrates during the late Burdigalian—Lower Langhian transgression. Comparison with the extant fauna allows us to estimate the depth range of the biotopes with stalked crinoids from 100 to 250 m. These estimates are in agreement with those deduced from other paleontological studies.  

Two new species of stalked crinoids from the northeastern Pacific in the genera Gephyrocrinus and Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Effects of ontogeny and variability on hyocrinid taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2825 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHEL ROUX ◽  
PHILIP LAMBERT
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Exceptional Collection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Stalked Crinoids

Two new species of deep-sea stalked crinoids belonging to the family Hyocrinidae were collected in the northeastern Pacific. The descriptions contain detailed information on character variations and ontogeny. The five specimens of Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp. lived at depths ranging from 1,777 m to 2,110 m off British Columbia and California. This new species is the first record of the genus Gephyrocrinus in the Pacific Ocean, which was previously known from only a single species, G. grimaldii, from the northeastern Atlantic at the same depth range. The two species illustrate opposing phenotypes within the same genus. Fifty-eight specimens of the second new species, Ptilocrinus clarki n. sp., were dredged off British Columbia close to the type-locality of P. pinnatus, the type species of the genus Ptilocrinus, but at shallower depths ranging from 1,178 to 1,986 m. This exceptional collection provides significant data on intraspecific variation in the main morphological characters, especially arm pattern. The ontogeny of stalk articulations and the main traits of adoral plate differentiation are described in detail. A complementary investigation on P. pinnatus was conducted using specimens collected by the “Albatross” expedition at a depth of 2,906 m. Despite similarities in external morphology, tegmen and cover plates, the two ptilocrinid species display significant differences in pinnule architecture, aboral cup and stalk articulations. From comparison with Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp. and Ptilocrinus clarki n. sp., G. grimaldii and P. pinnatus are interpreted as the result of heterochronic development by paedomorphy after ecological or geographic isolation. Pinnule architecture in the two new species suggests first steps in an evolutionary trend toward a rigid box which protects gonad inflation in the proximal part of the pinnule. These new data on Ptilocrinus and Gephyrocrinus create problems in the current taxonomy of the family Hyocrinidae. The main derived characters, especially in pinnule and arm pattern, are used to propose new hypotheses for hyocrinid phylogeny.

scholarly journals An updated overview of the geographic and bathymetric distribution of Savalia savaglia

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi. GIUSTI ◽  
C. CERRANO ◽  
M. ANGIOLILLO ◽  
L. TUNESI ◽  
S. CANESE
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Recent Occurrence ◽  
Barcelona Convention

The distribution of gold coral Savalia savaglia is modified on the basis of bibliographic information and recent occurrence data, collected using a ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and SCUBA divers. The species is long-lived, rare and has been exploited in the past by divers for collection purposes. S. savaglia is listed in Annex II of the SPA/BD Protocol of the Barcelona Convention and has a wider distribution than previously thought, including both the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Our results highlighted that specimens mainly live at a depth range of 15-90 m, but may reach as deep as 900 m in the Mediterranean Sea. This species can form monospecific facies of hundreds of colonies, as observed in Montenegro (Adriatic Sea), between 10 and 20 m, and in the Canary Islands, at a depth range of 27-70 m. Recent data highlighted numerous cases of specimens that were endangered by lost fishing gear, which exposed this species to further threats. Considering its longevity and structural role, it is urgent to develop an effective protection measure for S. savaglia, thereby increasing research efforts and implementing protection areas for this species.

scholarly journals The distribution of <i>Triebelina raripila</i> and <i>Carinocythereis carinata</i> (Ostracoda) from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys and their palaeogeographic implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szczechura
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Central Paratethys ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Late Middle Miocene ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Late Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian) strata of the Fore-Carpathian Depression of Poland yield a shallow-water ostracod fauna which contains the species Triebelina raripila (G. W. Müller, 1894) and Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer, 1838). The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the two main species suggests, that in the late Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys was still connected to the Mediterranean, although still separated from the Eastern Paratethys and from southeastern Eurasia. The continuous occurrence of Triebelina raripila and Carinocythereis carinata in the Mediterranean basins, from the Early Miocene to Recent, indicates that marine conditions existed throughout, thereby allowing them to survive the Late Miocene salinity crisis.

Records and distribution of Syscenus infelix in the deep Mediterranean (Crustacea: Isopoda: Aegidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kensley ◽  
Joan E. Cartes
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Parasitic Isopod

The parasitic isopod Syscenusinfelix is recorded from the Mediterranean, based on 19 specimens from a depth range of 375–2071 m. The first ovigerous female of the species is also recorded. Patterns of possible parasitism were suggested based on the depth distribution of S. infelix, and their possible host macrourid fish below 900 m depth in the Catalano-Balearic basin.

A new species of Buenia (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms, the redescription of Buenia jeffreysi and the first Balearic record of Buenia affinis

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4392 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO KOVAČIĆ ◽  
FRANCESC ORDINES ◽  
ULRICH K. SCHLIEWEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Upper Slope

A new gobiid species, Buenia lombartei sp. nov. (Teleostei: Gobiidae) is described from the continental slope off the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean. The Atlantic species Buenia jeffreysii (Günther, 1867) is redescribed and the first record of Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 is reported for the islands. A key for the species of genus Buenia is provided. The new species can be distinguished from congeneric species by morphological characters: anterior oculoscapular canal semi-closed with pores σ, λ, κ, α, ρ and additional pores and open furrows; suborbital row c of 6 papillae; anal fin I/7-I/8; scales in lateral series 25-27; scales in transverse series 6; pectoral fin rays 18; the second spine of the first dorsal fin longest, backwards reaching to middle second dorsal fin in males when folded down; pelvic fin anterior membrane reduced to less than one sixth of spinous ray in midline depth; tongue well developed and bilobed and several morphometric characters. The new species is also characterized by its reduced colouration and unique depth range and occurrence on upper slope muddy bottoms. Contrary to this, only a small number of gobiid species in the Mediterranean reach beyond the circalittoral to the deep shelf, and just a few have records below the shelf break. Phylogenetic analysis of their mitochondrial COI sequence grouped the two specimens within the same clade as B. jeffreysii, but one apomorphic transversion diagnoses the B. lombartei subclade. A hypothesis about rapid speciation of B. lombartei as well as alternative hypotheses are discussed. During the Last Glacial Maximum, boreal fish species such as cold-water adapted gadids, now restricted to northwestern Europe, entered the Mediterranean. This may have also been the case of the boreal population of B. jeffreysii. At the end of the glacial period, increasingly warming Mediterranean waters might restricted B. jeffreysii to deeper coldwater mud habitats of the upper slope, where it finally adapted to bathyal conditions.  

Atlantic fishes in the Mediterranean: using biological traits to assess the origin of newcomer fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
J Evans ◽  
E Arndt ◽  
PJ Schembri
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cryptogenic Species

Two important facets of global environmental change are alteration of climatic regimes and the introduction of alien species. From a biogeographical perspective, these 2 processes lead to very similar results: a change in the distribution of species. Here, we considered Atlantic fish species that are recent newcomers in the Mediterranean Sea, using biological traits to assess their origin. For this purpose, we first re-evaluated all records of Atlantic fish species in the Mediterranean (n = 103) to exclude those not considered recent newcomers (n = 33). Based on faunistic data, we classified the true newcomers into 4 origin categories: alien, vagrant, range-expansion or cryptogenic. Then, we compared biological traits of species we characterised as aliens (n = 7), vagrants (n = 14) or range-expanders (n = 23). Finally, we re-assessed the origin of cryptogenic species (n = 26) using multivariate discriminant analysis, measuring the distance of individual species to the centroids of aliens, vagrants or range-expanders, allowing us to infer their probable ‘mode of origin’. The body size, depth range, temperature range, habitat and ability to undertake long-distance migration were the most important traits that could be related to alien, vagrant or range-expanding fishes. It was possible to assign 10 cryptogenic species a specific origin category with reasonable confidence, while the remaining cryptogenic species combined trait values of different origin categories. These results indicate that biological trait analysis can be coupled with faunistic data to help assess the most likely origin of a newcomer species, thus informing management decisions.

scholarly journals The zoogeography of extant rhabdopleurid hemichordates (Pterobranchia : Graptolithina), with a new species from the Mediterranean Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Beli ◽  
Giorgio Aglieri ◽  
Francesca Strano ◽  
Davide Maggioni ◽  
Max J. Telford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Early Origin ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Cephalic Shield

The early origin and evolutionary radiation of graptolites (Hemichordata:Pterobranchia) is a story told almost entirely in the fossil record, but for four extant species of the genus Rhabdopleura Allman, 1869. Here we report the discovery of a fifth species, Rhabdopleura recondita, sp. nov., at a depth range of 2–70m from the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, always associated with bryozoans in coralligenous habitats. This is the first pterobranch record in Italian waters, and the second in the Mediterranean Sea. The new species is characterised by: (1) tubaria with smooth creeping tubes adherent to the inside of empty bryozoan zooecia; (2) erect outer tubes with a graptolite, fusellar-like organisation; and (3) zooids that extend from a black stolon, which is free from the creeping tube. Each of the paired feeding arms has two rows of tentacles that do not extend to the arm tip. The distal ends of the arms, the collar and the cephalic shield are replete with black granules. Phylogenetic analyses of individual and concatenated gene sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA support the validity of R. recondita as a new species. Finally, we discuss the global biogeographic and habitat distributions of the extant Rhabdopleura representatives. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:82C6A51E-F8F4-44AF-AD8F-16873BE80D03

scholarly journals A Model Analysis of the Behavior of the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Jia ◽  
Andrew C. Coward ◽  
Beverly A. de Cuevas ◽  
David J. Webb ◽  
Sybren S. Drijfhout
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Current System ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Water

Abstract The behavior of the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic Ocean sector of a global ocean general circulation model is explored, starting from its entry point at the Strait of Gibraltar. The analysis focuses primarily on one experiment in which explicit watermass exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic at the Strait of Gibraltar is permitted. The model produces an exchange rate of approximately 1 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). This is comparable to estimates derived from field measurements. The density of the Mediterranean outflow, however, is lower than observed, mainly because of its high temperature (more than 2°C higher than in reality). The lower density of the outflow and the model’s inadequate representation of the entrainment mixing in the outflow region cause the Mediterranean Water to settle in a depth range ∼800–1000 m in the North Atlantic, about 200 m shallower than observed. Here an interesting current system forms in response to the intrusion of the Mediterranean Water, involving three main pathways. In the first, the Mediterranean Water heads roughly westward across the basin and joins the deep western boundary current. In the second, the water travels northward along the eastern boundary reaching as far as Iceland, where it turns westward to participate in the deep circulation of the subpolar gyre. In the third, the water initially moves westward to the central Atlantic just north of 30°N before turning northwestward to reach an upwelling region at the Grand Banks off Newfoundland. At this location, the saline Mediterranean Water is drawn upward to the ocean upper layer and entrained into the North Atlantic Current system flowing to the northeastern basin; part of the current system enters the Nordic seas.

scholarly journals The Early Miocene Cape Melville Formation fossil assemblage and the evolution of modern Antarctic marine communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan J. Whittle ◽  
Fernanda Quaglio ◽  
Huw J. Griffiths ◽  
Katrin Linse ◽  
J. Alistair Crame
Keyword(s):  
Early Miocene ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Fossil Assemblage ◽  
Antarctic Marine
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