Effects of Visuoauditory Stimuli on the Acoustic Features of Swallowing in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2324-2329
Author(s):  
Yacen Wu ◽  
Feng Lin ◽  
Huahua Li ◽  
Zhongli Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Swallowing Sounds ◽  
Audiovisual Stimulation ◽  
Speed Up

Objective: To investigate the effect of audiovisual stimulation on swallowing sounds in the elderly. Method: Mirror therapy (MT) videos were prepared and divided into AMs, LMs, AFs, and LFs. Sixty videos were randomly selected from AMs, LMs, AFs, and LFs. The selected videos were divided into two sections (10 min per section). The control videos were extracted from the film "Le Peuple Migrateur." Finally, the TD (ms), TE (dB), DHE (ms), DHE/TD (%), PI (dB), DPI (ms), FPI (Hz), and PF (Hz) were analyzed. Result: TD of AS was significantly shorter than that of AS. Lower TE and PI were observed in AS compared to those observed in visual and auditory stimuli (VAS). DHE/TD and DPI were longer in AS relative to VAS. In addition, a lower FPI was observed in AS than in VAS. Conclusion: VAS can significantly improve swallowing frequencies, speed up swallowing movements and increase swallowing functional reserve in the elderly. In addition, the decreased swallowing efficacy under auditory stimuli could be reversed by visual stimuli.

scholarly journals Semantically Congruent Visual Information Can Improve Auditory Recognition Memory in Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Heikkilä ◽  
Petra Fagerlund ◽  
Kaisa Tiippana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Recognition ◽  
Spoken Words

In the course of normal aging, memory functions show signs of impairment. Studies of memory in the elderly have previously focused on a single sensory modality, although multisensory encoding has been shown to improve memory performance in children and young adults. In this study, we investigated how audiovisual encoding affects auditory recognition memory in older (mean age 71 years) and younger (mean age 23 years) adults. Participants memorized auditory stimuli (sounds, spoken words) presented either alone or with semantically congruent visual stimuli (pictures, text) during encoding. Subsequent recognition memory performance of auditory stimuli was better for stimuli initially presented together with visual stimuli than for auditory stimuli presented alone during encoding. This facilitation was observed both in older and younger participants, while the overall memory performance was poorer in older participants. However, the pattern of facilitation was influenced by age. When encoding spoken words, the gain was greater for older adults. When encoding sounds, the gain was greater for younger adults. These findings show that semantically congruent audiovisual encoding improves memory performance in late adulthood, particularly for auditory verbal material.

scholarly journals Experimental Tests for Measuring Individual Attentional Characteristics in Songbirds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Loïc Pougnault ◽  
Hugo Cousillas ◽  
Christine Heyraud ◽  
Ludwig Huber ◽  
Martine Hausberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
European Starling ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Species Specific

Attention is defined as the ability to process selectively one aspect of the environment over others and is at the core of all cognitive processes such as learning, memorization, and categorization. Thus, evaluating and comparing attentional characteristics between individuals and according to situations is an important aspect of cognitive studies. Recent studies showed the interest of analyzing spontaneous attention in standardized situations, but data are still scarce, especially for songbirds. The present study adapted three tests of attention (towards visual non-social, visual social, and auditory stimuli) as tools for future comparative research in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), a species that is well known to present individual variations in social learning or engagement. Our results reveal that attentional characteristics (glances versus gazes) vary according to the stimulus broadcasted: more gazes towards unusual visual stimuli and species-specific auditory stimuli and more glances towards species-specific visual stimuli and hetero-specific auditory stimuli. This study revealing individual variations shows that these tests constitute a very useful and easy-to-use tool for evaluating spontaneous individual attentional characteristics and their modulation by a variety of factors. Our results also indicate that attentional skills are not a uniform concept and depend upon the modality and the stimulus type.

Some Factors Affecting Reaction Times to Auditory Stimuli in Mental Patients

1954 ◽  
Vol 100 (419) ◽  
pp. 462-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. L. Hall ◽  
E. Stride
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Personal Equation ◽  
Work Up

A number of studies on reaction time (R.T.) latency to visual and auditory stimuli in psychotic patients has been reported since the first investigations on the personal equation were carried out. The general trends from the work up to 1943 are well summarized by Hunt (1944), while Granger's (1953) review of “Personality and visual perception” contains a summary of the studies on R.T. to visual stimuli.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of reactions to visual and auditory stimuli in research on EEG evoked potentials

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tyburcy ◽  
Małgorzata Plechawska-Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli

The paper describes results of comparison of reactions times to visual and auditory stimuli using EEG evoked potentials. Two experiments were used to applied. The first one explored reaction times to visual stimulus and the second one to auditory stimulus. After conducting an analysis of data, received results enable determining that visual stimuli evoke faster reactions than auditory stimuli.

Auditory effects to complement the absence of visual information

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Nakamura ◽  
Yukio P. Gunji
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Visual Interaction ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Expected Position

The majority of research on audio–visual interaction focused on spatio-temporal factors and synesthesia-like phenomena. Especially, research on synesthesia-like phenomena has been advanced by Marks et al., and they found synesthesia-like correlation between brightness and size of visual stimuli and pitch of auditory stimuli (Marks, 1987). It seems that main interest of research on synesthesia-like phenomena is what perceptual similarity/difference between synesthetes and non-synesthetes is. We guessed that cross-modal phenomena of non-synesthetes on perceptual level emerge as a function to complement the absence or ambiguity of a certain stimulus. To verify the hypothesis, we investigated audio–visual interaction using movement (speed) of an object as visual stimuli and sine-waves as auditory stimuli. In this experiment objects (circles) moved at a fixed speed in one trial and the objects were masked in arbitrary positions, and auditory stimuli (high, middle, low pitch) were given simultaneously with the disappearance of objects. Subject reported the expected position of the objects when auditory stimuli stopped. Result showed that correlation between the position, i.e., the movement speed, of the object and pitch of sound was found. We conjecture that cross-modal phenomena on non-synesthetes tend to occur when one of sensory stimuli are absent/ambiguous.

Saccadic Performance as a Function of the Presence and Disappearance of Auditory and Visual Fixation Stimuli

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Taylor ◽  
Raymond M. Klein ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Gap Effect ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Auditory Noise

Relative to when a fixated stimulus remains visible, saccadic latencies are facilitated when a fixated stimulus is extinguished simultaneously with or prior to the appearance of an eccentric auditory, visual, or combined visual-auditory target. In a study of nine human subjects, we determined whether such facilitation (the “gap effect”) occurs equivalently for the disappearance of fixated auditory stimuli and fixated visual stimuli. In the present study, a fixated auditory (noise) stimulus remained present (overlap) or else was extinguished simultaneously with (step) or 200 msec prior to (gap) the appearance of a visual, auditory (tone), or combined visual-auditory target 10° to the left or right of fixation. The results demonstrated equivalent facilitatory effects due to the disappearance of fixated auditory and visual stimuli and are consistent with the presumed role of the superior colliculus in the gap effect.

A study of tolerance to treatment among the most frequent cancer in the elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18609-18609
Author(s):  
N. G. Pilnik ◽  
R. Werbin ◽  
J. Dirienzo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Good General Condition ◽  
Chi Square Test

18609 Background: Besides, aging may influence pharmacological aspects due to functional reserve deterioration and comorbidities, affecting tolerance to treatment and increasing the likelihood of complications. Methods: 166 cancer pts (56 lung, 64 breast, and 46 colon), mean age 72 yrs, treated with Ch/Rt were studied. Lung cancer pts had PS 0:1 (2%); PS 1:17 (30%); and PS2:38 (68%). Breast cancer pts had PS 0:6 (9%); PS 1:25 (39%); PS 2:33 (52%). Colon cancer pts had PS 0:6 (13%); PS 1:17 (37%); PS 2:23 (50%). Comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmia, EPOC, coronary and gastrointestinal disease. All of the pts had adequate cardiac, hepatic, renal and bone marrow functions. Allergy, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurological, haematological and renal toxicities, and infection were evaluated following the WHO criteria. Toxicities were studied according to age and comorbidities, and correlated with the use of other medicines. QoL was studied through the improvement of symptoms and PS evolution. The Chi Square test was used for statistical analyses. Results: The prevalence of common toxicities in the lung cancer pts were anemia, 39 pts (70%), infection, 37 pts (66%), leukopenia 33 pts (59%), gastrointestinal 28 pts (50%). The most common toxicities in breast cancer, were leukopenia 43 pts (67%), gastrointestinal 37 pts (58%), infection 36 pts (56%), and anemia 32 pts (50%), while in colon cancer pts the toxicities found were gastrointestinal 38 pts (83%), anemia 33 pts (72%), leukopenia 32 pts (70%), and infection 25 pts (54%). There was no correlation between age and the most frequent toxicities. Grade 2 was the most common level of toxicity reached in all types of cancer studied. There was improvement in QoL when symptoms evolution and PS were evaluated independently of cancer type, 81% (134 pts) for symptoms (p < 0.0001), and 72% (120 pts) for PS (p < 0.0001) respectively. There was no association between age and toxicity grade, irrespective of toxicity type, age and comorbidities. Conclusions: Older pts in good general condition and with controlled morbidities may receive Ch/Rt if this treatment modality results in improvement of their QoL.-Low toxicities occurred in most of these pts, probably due to the fact that pts were adequately selected. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cardiorespiratory functional reserve from arm exercise in the elderly

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tordi ◽  
L. Mourot ◽  
J. Maire ◽  
B. Parratte ◽  
J. Regnard
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Arm Exercise
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