Cellular Toxicity of Inorganic Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), anionic clays, have attracted increasing interest as nanovehicles for delivering genes, drugs, and bio-active molecules into cells. However, no attempts have been made to evaluate the potential undesirable effects of LDH nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of LDHs with different chemical compositions (ZnAl- and MgAl-LDH) was systematically evaluated in various cell types, such as human normal cells, carcinoma cells, and red blood cells, by measuring cell viability, cell proliferation, membrane damage, and hemolytic effect. No significant cytotoxic effects could be seen in both cases, but ZnAl-LDH was determined to be slightly more toxic than MgAl-LDH in terms of membrane damage and hemolysis induction. It is, therefore, expected that LDHs could be promising candidates for novel inorganic drug delivery carriers.

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Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100162132 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 914-915

Author(s):

D.J.P. Ferguson ◽

A.R. Berendt ◽

J. Tansey ◽

K. Marsh ◽

C.I. Newbold

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Cell Types ◽

Amelanotic Melanoma ◽

Cytoplasmic Process ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

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Antibiotic-anionic Clay Matrix Used for Drug Controlled Release

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.2.6098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 321-323

Author(s):

Georgeta Zegan ◽

Elena Mihaela Carausu ◽

Loredana Golovcencu ◽

Alina Sodor Botezatu ◽

Eduard Radu Cernei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Layered Double Hydroxides ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Drug Controlled Release ◽

Anionic Clays ◽

Anionic Clay ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

High Efficient ◽

Clay Matrix ◽

Double Hydroxides

Anionic clay matrix acting as drug controlled release system have shown in last years a great potential for delivery of bioactive molecules and chemical therapeutics. This organic-inorganic nanohybrid system is high efficient offering an excellent protection of intercalated compounds from degradation. Compared to other nanoparticles used in medical area, anionic clays type layered double hydroxides have found to be biocompatible according to toxicological studies. Ampicillin containing MgAlLDHs and ZnAlLDH samples have been prepared following two routes: anion-exchange procedure and reconstruction from calcined layered double hydroxides. Solid samples have been characterized by FTIR and SEM-EDX highlighting the alteration of pristine LDHs structure when the antibiotic is introduced in the interlayer gallery.

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Immunologic abnormalities in an animal model of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure induced by busulfan

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v51.4.601.601 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 601-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

CA Pugsley ◽

IJ Forbes ◽

AA Morley

Keyword(s):

B Lymphocytes ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Cell Types ◽

Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Splenic Lymphocytes ◽

Hypoplastic Marrow ◽

Experimental Murine Model

Abstract The immunology of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure (CHMF, aplastic anemia) was studied in an experimental murine model of the disease induced by busulfan. B lymphocytes of peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were reduced to 30%–40% and T lymphocytes of thymus, spleen, marrow, and blood were decreased to 20%–70% of control values. IgG and IgM antibody titer to sheep red blood cells were reduced to one- third of control levels, and splenic IgG, but not IgM, plaque-forming cells were fewer on day 7 after antigen stimulation. The proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A were reduced in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes, and thymocytes, and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by dinitrofluorobenze was not detected in mice with CHMF. The results demonstrate disturbance of a variety of cellular and humoral functions and suggest that the disturbance was due to quantitative and possibly qualitative abnormalities of the cell types subserving these functions. The results suggest that residual cell injury, the lesion underlying experimental CHMF, is not confined to the myeloid stem cell but also involved cells of the lymphoid series.

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The Taurine Efflux Portal Used to Regulate Cell Volume in Response to Hypoosmotic Stress Seems to Be Similar in Many Cell Types: Lessons to Be Learned from Molluscan Red Blood Cells

American Zoologist ◽

10.1093/icb/41.4.710 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 710-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sidney K. Pierce ◽

James W. Warren

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Hypoosmotic Stress ◽

Taurine Efflux

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Rapid Visualization of Microtubules in Blood Cells and Other Cell Types in Marine Model Organisms

Biological Bulletin ◽

10.2307/1543398 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 203 (2) ◽

pp. 204-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K-G. Lee ◽

A. Braun ◽

I. Chaikhoutdinov ◽

J. DeNobile ◽

M. Conrad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Model Organisms

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Clock gene-independent daily regulation of haemoglobin oxidation in red blood cells

10.1101/2021.10.11.463714 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew D. Beale ◽

Priya Crosby ◽

Utham K. Valekunja ◽

Rachel S. Edgar ◽

Johanna E. Chesham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Developmental Regulation ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Cell Types ◽

The Body

AbstractCellular circadian rhythms confer daily temporal organisation upon behaviour and physiology that is fundamental to human health and disease. Rhythms are present in red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant cell type in the body. Being naturally anucleate, RBC circadian rhythms share key elements of post-translational, but not transcriptional, regulation with other cell types. The physiological function and developmental regulation of RBC circadian rhythms is poorly understood, however, partly due to the small number of appropriate techniques available. Here, we extend the RBC circadian toolkit with a novel biochemical assay for haemoglobin oxidation status, termed “Bloody Blotting”. Our approach relies on a redox-sensitive covalent haem-haemoglobin linkage that forms during cell lysis. Formation of this linkage exhibits daily rhythms in vitro, which are unaffected by mutations that affect the timing of circadian rhythms in nucleated cells. In vivo, haemoglobin oxidation rhythms demonstrate daily variation in the oxygen-carrying and nitrite reductase capacity of the blood, and are seen in human subjects under controlled laboratory conditions as well as in freely-behaving humans. These results extend our molecular understanding of RBC circadian rhythms and suggest they serve an important physiological role in gas transport.

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Expression of the Brachyury gene during mesoderm development in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cell cultures

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.120.1.115 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. Vidricaire ◽

K. Jardine ◽

M.W. McBurney

Keyword(s):

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽

Embryonal Carcinoma ◽

Carcinoma Cell ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Cell Types ◽

Carcinoma Cells ◽

Embryonal Carcinoma Cell ◽

P19 Cells ◽

Mesoderm Development ◽

P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

When aggregated and treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), P19 embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate into cell types normally derived from the mesoderm and endoderm including epithelium and cardiac and skeletal muscle. The Brachyury gene is expressed transiently in these differentiating cultures several days before the appearance of markers of the differentiated cell types. The expression of Brachyury is not affected by DMSO but is induced by cell aggregation, which requires extracellular calcium. Expression of Brachyury is also induced by various members of the TGF beta family such as activin and bone morphogenetic proteins. D3 is a mutant clone of P19 cells selected for its failure to differentiate when aggregated in DMSO. Aggregated D3 cells express Brachyury mRNA suggesting that the mutation(s) responsible for the phenotype of D3 cells is downstream of the chain of events initiated by Brachyury expression.

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Cholesterol is the main regulator of the carbon dioxide permeability of biological membranes

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 315 (2) ◽

pp. C137-C140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariela Arias-Hidalgo ◽

Samer Al-Samir ◽

Gerolf Gros ◽

Volker Endeward

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Biological Membranes ◽

Cell Types ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Membrane Cholesterol ◽

Main Regulator

We present here a compilation of membrane CO2 permeabilities (Pco2) for various cell types from the literature. Pco2 values vary over more than two orders of magnitude. Relating Pco2 to the cholesterol content of the membranes shows that, with the exception of red blood cells, it is essentially membrane cholesterol that determines the value of Pco2. Thus, the observed strong modulation of Pco2 in the majority of membranes is caused by cholesterol rather than gas channels.

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Leukocytes in bovine virgin mammary gland: flow cytometry imaging during development and resolution of induced influx

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7882-vetmed ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 7–8) ◽

pp. 190-198

Author(s):

Z. Sládek ◽

D. Ryšánek ◽

M. Faldyna

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽

Peripheral Blood Cells ◽

Leukocyte Influx ◽

Separate Region ◽

Blood Leukocyte

Distribution of leukocyte types present in virgin bovine mammary glands was analysed in dot plots obtained by flow cytometry (FACS) of samples collected from 10 non-pregnant heifers after induction of leukocyte influx. Changes of percentage of leukocyte types during development and resolution of induced influx in comparison with blood leukocyte pattern allow identification of these cell types on FACS dot plot. The positions of mammary gland granulocyte and lymphocyte regions were identical with those of the corresponding peripheral blood cells. Two basic morphologically distinct types occupying separate regions in dot plots were observed in the population of mononuclear phagocytes (MoP): non-vacuolised monocyte-like macrophages (MoMAC) and vacuolised macrophages (MAC). Influx resolution was characterised by a marked shift of the MoMAC region towards that of MAC recognisable in dot plots by a separate region of intermediate MoP forms. The study provides a pattern of dynamics of percentages of mammary gland leukocyte types during influx development and resolution as imaged by FACS.

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