Fabrication and Analysis of Energy Efficient Low-Cost Wireless Gas Sensor Based on ZnO Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2132-2138
Author(s):  
Dineshkumar Mani ◽  
Kavitha Ponnusamy ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Mani ◽  
Dhivya Ponnusamy ◽  
Kazuyoshi Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Sensor Assembly

Industrialization can be greatly appreciated only by limiting the downside of the proposed technology. In this aeon, the recurrent monitoring of industries is statutory in detecting harmful gases and explosions for the global environment safety. Hence, employing specific gas sensors for detecting malicious gases benefits the welfare of the society. Thus, in this present work, we developed an energy efficient toxic gas sensor using ZnO thin film by seed layer assisted hydrothermal technique. The sensing mechanism of ZnO with the CO analyte was explained and the sensing parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, response and recovery time were studied. Further, the developed energy efficient sensor was embedded with wireless sensor assembly for online monitoring which may be functional in developing portable, compact and cost-effective system for various real time industrial control applications.

scholarly journals Revisiting Colorimetric Gas Sensors: Compact, Versatile and Cost-Effective

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Christian Driau ◽  
Olga Casals ◽  
Ismael Benito-Altamirano ◽  
Joan Daniel Prades ◽  
Cristian Fàbrega
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optical Reflectance

We report on an inexpensive and very selective gas sensor implemented by simply combining colorimetric indicators casted on top of acetate-based transparent tape, with a commercial microchip adapted here to measure optical reflectance. This sensor can be easily reproduced (leading to quantitatively consistent results), refreshed and reconfigured to sense different target gases replacing only the colorimetric tape. The device may either work as sensor (CO2 and NH3) or dosimeter (Formaldehyde) depending on the targeted gas.

MEGAN: Multipurpose Energy-Efficient, Adaptable, and Low-Cost Wireless Sensor Node for the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudip Misra ◽  
Sanku Kumar Roy ◽  
Arijit Roy ◽  
Mohammad S. Obaidat ◽  
Avantika Jha
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
The Internet Of Things

scholarly journals An Effective Water Management Framework Based on Internet of Things (IOT) Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Moses Odiagbe ◽  
Emmanuel Majeyibo Eronu ◽  
Farouq E. Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Rate Sensor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Water

The low cost effective wireless sensor network that The low cost effective wireless sensor network that allows for embedded system to monitor and control virtually any space and environment and to form the so called Internet of Things or Internet of Everything. The research work is intended to address a general problem associated with effective water utilization management, among others is the issue of water leakages, there is the need to effectively detect cases of leakages and address them appropriately. However, the sensitivity of the flow rate sensors used poses a number of challenges, hence the need to setup an appropriate calibration scheme that will allows for the flow rate sensor, effective adoption and usage ,isolating false alarm due to deficiencies associated with operation of the flow rate sensor as well as detecting leakages  . A frame work build around a flow rate sensor, solenoid valve, a microcontroller equipped with internet connectivity and a log in service monitoring and control platform on the cloud is used. Several simulated tests were carried out to explore a number of leakage scenarios. Based on the analysed data obtained overtime, appropriate algorithms were developed to allow for quick detection, remote monitoring and control of deduced cases of leakages. The work has significantly addressed the challenges poses to the effect leakages with the adopted framework.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Energy Efficient and Reliable Protocols for Intra & Inter-Cluster Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Periodic Data ◽  
Event Based

The discovery and the use of many wireless technologies are paving way for new remote monitoring applications. The sensing devices are becoming popular because of their flexibility, performance, low cost and portability. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a good alternative to wired systems because of easy deployment in remote areas. Wireless Sensor Networks are used in different domains for various applications because of their salient characteristics like reduced power consumption, scalability, ability to respond immediately within a short span of time, reliability, dynamic in nature, low cost and easy installation. The main objective of this paper work is to find a suitable energy efficient, scalable and reliable communication protocols for intra-cluster and intercluster communication. Therefore the proposed research work follows three different phases. To achieve the desired results, the proposed research work concentrates on three protocols namely Energy Efficient and Reliable Clustering Routing Protocol (EERCRP), Energy Efficient and Reliable MAC Protocol (EERMAC) and Energy Efficient and Reliable Hybrid Transport Protocol (EERHTP).EERCRP and EERMAC are intra-cluster communication protocols that help in cluster formation and effective data sensing. EERHTP is a transport layer protocol that is used for inter-cluster communication. All the above protocols are evaluated using network simulator NS2 for their performance analysis. EERCRP is compared with PASCC and PCDCC which from the root level header node are existing congestion and queue based hybrid clustering protocols. The proposed EERCRP follows hierarchical cluster formation where the leader node is selected based on queue length, residual energy of the node and distance. It is efficient than the existing methods in terms of energy and reliability metrics.EERMAC is compared with existing MAC protocols namely SMAC, IEEE 802.11 EDCA and EA-MAC. SMAC follows traditional TDMA or CSMA method of data access. They are suitable only for periodic data sensing. The proposed EERMAC allows hybrid data sensing consisting of both periodic and event based data which are classified using priority levels. Event based data is assigned higher priority than periodic data. Queues are used for storing both types of data using various levels of threshold values. EERMAC uses CSMA/CA method for event based data. Variable TDMA method is used for event based and periodic data. EERHTP is a transport layer protocol that uses two types of reliability models namely ACK and NACK depending on the type of data. All the three protocols are evaluated both for energy and reliability metrics such as total energy consumption, residual energy comparison, energy consumption per packet, packet delivery ratio, delay, packet drop, jitter, throughput and network routing overhead. Thus it is concluded that all the three protocols are more optimal than the existing protocols and prove to be the best protocols for intracluster and inter-cluster communications.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Prototype to Automate the 3D Digitization of Pieces: An Application Example and Comparison

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Ramón González-Merino ◽  
Elena Sánchez-López ◽  
Pablo E. Romero ◽  
Jesús Rodero ◽  
Rafael E. Hidalgo-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Effective System ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
3D Digitization

This work is aimed at describing the design of a mechanical and programmable 3D capturing system to be used by either 3D scanner or DSLR camera through photogrammetry. Both methods are widely used in diverse areas, from engineering, architecture or archaeology, up to the field of medicine; but they also entail certain disadvantages, such as the high costs of certain equipment, such as scanners with some precision, and the need to resort to specialized operatives, among others. The purpose of this design is to create a robust, precise and cost-effective system that improves the limitations of the present equipment on the market, such as robotic arms or rotary tables. For this reason, a preliminary study has been conducted to analyse the needs of improvement, later, we have focused on the 3D design and prototyping. For its construction, there have been used the FDM additive technology and structural components that are easy to find in the market. With regards to electronic components, basic electronics and Arduino-based 3D printers firmware have been selected. For system testing, the capture equipment consists of a Spider Artec 3D Scanner and a Nikon 5100 SLR Camera. Finally, 3D models have been developed by comparing the 3D meshes obtained by the two methods, obtaining satisfactory results.

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