Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer, Ganglion Cell Complex, and Outer Retinal Layer Thicknesses in a Large Cohort of Chinese Children

Purpose. To assess the repeatability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to measure macular and perimacular ganglion cell complex thicknesses and compare retinal ganglion cell parameters between algorithms.Methods. Ninety-two nonglaucomatous eyes from 92 participants underwent macular and perimacular ganglion cell complex thickness measurement using OCT-HS100 Glaucoma 3D algorithm and these measurements were repeated for 34 subjects. All subjects also had macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD-OCT Ganglion Cell Analysis algorithm. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson’s correlation analyses were performed.Results. Subfields of both macular and perimacular ganglion cell complex thicknesses had high intraclass correlation coefficient values between 0.979 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.958–0.989) and 0.981 (95% CI: 0.963, 0.991) and between 0.70 (95% CI: 0.481–0.838) and 0.987 (95% CI: 0.956–0.989), respectively. The overall average ganglion cell complex and macular average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknesses were strongly correlated(r=0.83, P<0.001). Conclusions. The assessment of macular and perimacular retinal ganglion cell parameters by OCT-HS100 Glaucoma 3D algorithm is highly repeatable, and strongly correlates to retinal ganglion cell parameters assessed by Ganglion Cell Analysis algorithm. A comprehensive evaluation of retinal ganglion cells may be possible with OCT-HS100.

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Retinal asymmetry in multiple sclerosis

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/awaa361 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Axel Petzold ◽

Sharon Y L Chua ◽

Anthony P Khawaja ◽

Pearse A Keane ◽

Peng T Khaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Ganglion Cell ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Cell Complex ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Youden Index ◽

Ganglion Cell Complex ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Co Morbidity

Abstract The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is based on a combination of clinical and paraclinical tests. The potential contribution of retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recognized. We tested the feasibility of OCT measures of retinal asymmetry as a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis at the community level. In this community-based study of 72 120 subjects, we examined the diagnostic potential of the inter-eye difference of inner retinal OCT data for multiple sclerosis using the UK Biobank data collected at 22 sites between 2007 and 2010. OCT reporting and quality control guidelines were followed. The inter-eye percentage difference (IEPD) and inter-eye absolute difference (IEAD) were calculated for the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) complex and ganglion cell complex. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) comparisons were followed by univariate and multivariable comparisons accounting for a large range of diseases and co-morbidities. Cut-off levels were optimized by ROC and the Youden index. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis was 0.0023 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00229–0.00231]. Overall the discriminatory power of diagnosing multiple sclerosis with the IEPD AUROC curve (0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.76) and IEAD (0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.75) for the macular GCIPL complex were significantly higher if compared to the macular ganglion cell complex IEPD AUROC curve (0.64, 95% CI 0.59–0.69, P = 0.0017); IEAD AUROC curve (0.63, 95% CI 0.58–0.68, P < 0.0001) and macular RNFL IEPD AUROC curve (0.59, 95% CI 0.54–0.63, P < 0.0001); IEAD AUROC curve (0.55, 95% CI 0.50–0.59, P < 0.0001). Screening sensitivity levels for the macular GCIPL complex IEPD (4% cut-off) were 51.7% and for the IEAD (4 μm cut-off) 43.5%. Specificity levels were 82.8% and 86.8%, respectively. The number of co-morbidities was important. There was a stepwise decrease of the AUROC curve from 0.72 in control subjects to 0.66 in more than nine co-morbidities or presence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease. In the multivariable analyses greater age, diabetes mellitus, other eye disease and a non-white ethnic background were relevant confounders. For most interactions, the effect sizes were large (partial ω2 > 0.14) with narrow confidence intervals. In conclusion, the OCT macular GCIPL complex IEPD and IEAD may be considered as supportive measurements for multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria in a young patient without relevant co-morbidity. The metric does not allow separation of multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica. Retinal OCT imaging is accurate, rapid, non-invasive, widely available and may therefore help to reduce need for invasive and more costly procedures. To be viable, higher sensitivity and specificity levels are needed.

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Macula structural and vascular differences in glaucoma eyes with and without high axial myopia

10.1101/2021.09.02.21263045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jasmin Rezapour ◽

Christopher Bowd ◽

Jade Dohleman ◽

Akram Belghith ◽

James A. Proudfoot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cell ◽

Axial Length ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Positive Association ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Ganglion Cell Complex ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Axial Myopia

AbstractAimsTo assess the thickness of various retinal layers, and the superficial vessel density (sVD) in the macula of glaucomatous eyes and their associations with axial length (AL) and visual field mean deviation (VFMD) to identify parameters useful for glaucoma management in myopic eyes.Methods248 glaucoma patients (401 eyes) participating in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study observational cohort representing 3 axial myopia groups (non-myopia: n=146 eyes; mild myopia: n=208 eyes; high myopia (AL>26 mm): n=47 eyes) who completed macular OCT and OCT-Angiography imaging were included. The cross-sectional associations of AL and VFMD with the thickness of the ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCC), sVD and macular choroidal thickness (mCT) were evaluated.ResultsThinner Global GCIPL and GCC were significantly associated with worse VFMD (R2=35.1%; and R2=33.4%; respectively p<0.001), but not with AL (all p>0.350). Thicker mRNFL showed a weak association with increasing AL (R2=3.4%; p=0.001) and a positive association with VFMD (global R2=20.5%; p<0.001). Lower sVD was weakly associated with increasing AL (R2=2.3%; p=0.016) and more strongly associated with more severe glaucoma VFMD (R2=31.8%; p<0.001). Thinner mCT was associated with increasing AL (R2=17.3% p<0.001) and not associated with VFMD (P=0.262). mRNFL was thickest while mCT was thinnest in all sectors of high myopic eyes.ConclusionsGCIPL and GCC thinned with increasing severity of glaucoma but were not significantly associated with axial length. GCIPL and GCC thickness may be useful clinical parameters to identify glaucoma in myopic eyes.

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Spinal cord and infratentorial lesions in radiologically isolated syndrome are associated with decreased retinal ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thickness

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458518815597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 1878-1887 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Angeliki Filippatou ◽

Thomas Shoemaker ◽

Megan Esch ◽

Madiha Qutab ◽

Natalia Gonzalez-Caldito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Ganglion Cell ◽

Retinal Imaging ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Spectral Domain Oct ◽

Radiologically Isolated Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Background: The role of retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in assessing individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) remains largely unexplored. Objective: To assess retinal layer thicknesses in RIS and examine their associations with clinical features suggestive of increased risk for conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A total of 30 RIS subjects and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent retinal imaging with spectral-domain OCT, followed by automated segmentation of retinal layers. Results: Overall, retinal layer thicknesses did not differ between RIS and HC. However, RIS subjects with spinal cord (SC) lesions had lower ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thickness compared to HC (−4.41 μm; p = 0.007) and RIS without SC lesions (–3.53 μm; p = 0.041). Similarly, RIS subjects with infratentorial (IT) brain lesions had lower GCIP thickness compared to HC (–4.07 μm; p < 0.001) and RIS without IT lesions (–3.49 μm; p = 0.029). Multivariate analyses revealed that the presence of SC or IT lesions were independently associated with lower GCIP thickness in RIS ( p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Other patient characteristics, including sex, abnormal cerebrospinal fluid, and presence of gadolinium-enhancing or juxtacortical lesions, were not associated with retinal layer thicknesses. Conclusion: The presence of SC or IT lesions in RIS may be associated with retinal neuro-axonal loss, supporting the presence of more disseminated disease.

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Retinal Sensitivity and Ganglion Cell-Related Retinal Layer Thickness in the Normal Aging Process

10.21203/rs.3.rs-149830/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Makoto Araie ◽

Makoto Fujii ◽

Yuko Ohno ◽

Yuki Tanaka ◽

Tsutomu Kikawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cell ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness ◽

Ocular Media

Abstract Aging-associated changes in visual field (VF) sensitivity were compared prospectively and longitudinally with the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) changes in the corresponding retinal areas of the same eyes (72 eyes of 37 normal Japanese subjects; mean age, 51.3 years). The Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 test (HFA 24-2) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements of the cpRNFLT and GCIPLT in a 0.6-mm-diameter circle corresponding to the four central points of HFA 24-2 adjusted for retinal ganglion cell displacement (GCIPLT4TestPoints) were performed every 3 months for 3 years. The tiem changes of the mean sensitivity over the entire field (VFmean) and the four central points (VF4TestPoints), cpRNFLT, and GCIPLT4TestPoints were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The aging-associated decline rates of VFmean and VF4TestPoins were 0.12 and 0.19 decibels/year (p<0.001), which significantly accelerated with increased subjects’ age (0.009 and 0.010 decibels/year, p<0.001, respectively) without changes in the ocular media. Those of the CpRNFLT and GCIPLT4TestPoints were not significant in both (p>0.114), but significantly accelerated with increased subjects’ age (0.021 and 0.010 mm/year, p=0.001 and 0.004, respectively). These results have implications in studying physiological aging- or desease-related changes in these parameters.

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Retinal ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer thinning in clinically isolated syndrome

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458513489757 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (14) ◽

pp. 1887-1895 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Timm Oberwahrenbrock ◽

Marius Ringelstein ◽

Simon Jentschke ◽

Katrin Deuschle ◽

Katharina Klumbies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cell ◽

Neuronal Damage ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Disease Evolution ◽

Retinal Pathology ◽

Layer Segmentation ◽

In Cis

Background: Axonal and neuronal damage are widely accepted as key events in the disease course of multiple sclerosis. However, it has been unclear to date at which stage in disease evolution neurodegeneration begins and whether neuronal damage can occur even in the absence of acute inflammatory attacks. Objective: To characterize inner retinal layer changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Method: 45 patients with CIS and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Patients’ eyes were stratified into the following categories according to history of optic neuritis (ON): eyes with clinically-diagnosed ON (CIS-ON), eyes with suspected subclinical ON (CIS-SON) as indicated by a visual evoked potential latency of >115ms and eyes unaffected by ON (CIS-NON). Results: CIS-NON eyes showed significant reduction of ganglion cell- and inner plexiform layer and a topography similar to that of CIS-ON eyes. Seven eyes were characterized as CIS-SON and likewise showed significant retinal layer thinning. The most pronounced thinning was present in CIS-ON eyes. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that retinal pathology does occur already in CIS. Intraretinal layer segmentation may be an easily applicable, non-invasive method for early detection of retinal pathology in patients unaffected by ON.

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Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness is Associated with Persistently Cognitive Decline -The Rugao Longevity and Aging Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-81330/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Zhang ◽

Hangqi Shen ◽

Xiaoyan Jiang ◽

Sun Yao ◽

Na Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Ganglion Cell ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Cognitive Status ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer

Abstract Background: The simple, convenient and well-validated biomarkers are imperative for detection of cognitive decline (CD). The powerful evidence is lacked for verifying the reliability and clinical utility of retinal biomarkers for detection of CD with repeated assessments. To investigate the association of retinal thickness with CD using repeated assessments. Methods: This study included 446 older adults with three-time repeated assessments of cognitive function during 5-years follow-up. Retinal thickness measured on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the association of retinal thickness with cognitive function. Results: According to cognitive status in three assessments, individuals were categorized into consistently normal cognition groups (N = 159), persistently CD groups (N = 134), progressed to CD groups (N = 70), and reverting or fluctuating CD groups (N = 83). Thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) was associated with persistently CD (odds ratio [OR] per 1-μm decrease: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.18; per standard deviation [SD] decrease: 1.78, 95%CI, 1.04-3.19) rather than progressed to CD, reverting or fluctuating CD. No significant relationship was found between retinal nerve fiber layer and any CD subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Thinner GC-IPL was associated with persistently CD, suggesting retinal neurodegeneration may be a promising biomarker for persistently CD. Further studies, including both longitudinal and repeated measurements of retinal layer thickness and cognitive function, are needed to assess the possibility of retinal thickness as a biomarker for persistent CD.

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Retinal Neurovascular Impairment in Non-diabetic and Non-dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.703898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomin Zeng ◽

Yijun Hu ◽

Yuanhan Chen ◽

Zhanjie Lin ◽

Yingying Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Ganglion Cell ◽

Group Versus ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Control Group ◽

Ganglion Cell Complex ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Vascular Plexus ◽

Advanced Stages

Background: Widespread neural and microvascular injuries are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), increasing risks of neurovascular complications and mortality. Early detection of such changes helps assess the risks of neurovascular complications for CKD patients. As an extension of central nervous system, the retina provides a characteristic window to observe neurovascular alterations in CKD. This study aimed to determine the presence of retinal neurovascular impairment in different stages of CKD.Methods: One hundred fifteen non-diabetic and non-dialytic CKD patients of all stages and a control group of 35 healthy subjects were included. Retinal neural and microvascular parameters were obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examination.Results: CKD 1–2 group (versus control group) had greater odds of having decreased retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GC-IPLt) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.98), increased ganglion cell complex-focal loss volume (GCC-FLV) (OR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.27–9.67), and GCC-global loss volume (GCC-GLV) (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.27–4.82). The presence of advanced stages of CKD (CKD 3–5 group versus CKD 1–2 group) had greater odds of having decreased retinal vessel density in superficial vascular plexus (SVP)-WholeImage (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92), SVP-ParaFovea (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97), SVP-ParaFovea (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.91), deep vascular plexus (DVP)-WholeImage (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.98), DVP-ParaFovea (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99), and DVP-PeriFovea (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.98). Besides, stepwise multivariate linear regression among CKD patients showed that β2-microglobulin was negatively associated with GC-IPLt (β: –0.294; 95% CI: –0.469 ∼ –0.118), and parathyroid hormone was positively associated with increased GCC-FLV (β: 0.004; 95% CI: 0.002∼0.006) and GCC-GLV (β: 0.007; 95% CI: 0.004∼0.01). Urine protein to creatinine ratio was positively associated with increased GCC-FLV (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001∼0.004) and GCC-GLV (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001∼0.006).Conclusion: Retinal neuronal impairment is present in early stages of CKD (stages 1–2), and it is associated with accumulation of uremic toxins and higher UACR, while retinal microvascular hypoperfusion, which is associated with worse eGFR, was only observed in relatively advanced stages of CKD (stages 3–5). The results highlight the importance of monitoring retinal neurovascular impairment in different stages of CKD.

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Macular Retinal Layer Thickness and Associated Factors. The Beijing Eye Study 2011

10.21203/rs.2.1755/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Wang ◽

Wen Bin Wei ◽

Ya Xing Wang ◽

Yan Ni Yan ◽

Jing Yan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cell ◽

Ganglion Cell Layer ◽

Cell Layer ◽

Outer Nuclear Layer ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Population Based ◽

Retinal Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Beijing Eye Study ◽

Retinal Layers

Abstract Background Diagnosis and follow-up of retinal diseases may be improved if the thickness of the various retinal layers, in addition to the total retinal thickness, is taken into account. Here we measured the thickness of the macular retinal layers in a population-based study group to assess the normative values and their associations. Methods Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images, we measured the thickness of the macular retinal layers in participants of the population-based Beijing Eye Study without ocular diseases and without arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Results The study included 384 subjects (mean age:60.0±8.0 years). In multivariable analysis, the thickness of the retinal layers in the foveal region, of all retinal layers except for the outer plexiform layer in the parafoveal area, and the thickness of the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer and inner and outer nuclear layer in the perifoveal area decreased with older age (all P<0.05). Men as compared to women had higher thickness measurements of the photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer in all areas, and of all layers between the retinal nerve fiber layer and inner nuclear layer in the parafovea area. The associations between the macular retinal layers thickness and axial length were not consistent. The inner plexiform layer was thicker, and the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer were thinner, in the temporal areas than in the nasal areas, Conclusions The associations between decreasing thickness of most retinal layers with older age and the correlation of a higher thickness of some retinal layer layers with male gender may clinically be taken into account.

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