scholarly journals Estimating Contemporary and Future Wind-Damage Losses from Hurricanes Affecting Eglin Air Force Base, Florida

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Elsner ◽  
Shawn W. Lewers ◽  
Jill C. Malmstadt ◽  
Thomas H. Jagger
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Air Force ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
The North ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Extreme Wind Speed ◽  
Air Force Base

AbstractThe strongest hurricanes over the North Atlantic Ocean are getting stronger, with the increase related to rising ocean temperature. Here, the authors develop a procedure for estimating future wind losses from hurricanes and apply it to Eglin Air Force Base along the northern coast of Florida. The method combines models of the statistical distributions for extreme wind speed and average sea surface temperature over the Gulf of Mexico with dynamical models for tropical cyclone wind fields and damage losses. Results show that the 1-in-100-yr hurricane from the twentieth century picked at random to occur in the year 2100 would result in wind damage that is 36% [(13%, 76%) = 90% confidence interval] greater solely as a consequence of the projected warmer waters in the Gulf of Mexico. The method can be applied elsewhere along the coast with modeling assumptions modified for regional conditions.

scholarly journals Transports through the Straits of Florida

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hamilton ◽  
Jimmy C. Larsen ◽  
Kevin D. Leaman ◽  
Thomas N. Lee ◽  
Evans Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Florida Current ◽  
Loop Current ◽  
Straits Of Florida ◽  
Key West ◽  
The North ◽  
Side Channels ◽  
Yucatan Channel ◽  
Accurate Indicator

Abstract Transports were calculated for four sections of the Florida Current from Key West to Jupiter, Florida, using a moored current-meter array and voltages from cross-channel telephone cables at the western and northern ends of the Straits of Florida. In addition, moored arrays were used to estimate transport through the Northwest Providence, Santaren, and Old Bahama Channels that connect the Florida Current to the southwestern part of the North Atlantic Ocean. Transport measurements were obtained for an 11-month period from December 1990 to November 1991. Mean transports of ∼25 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) for the flow across the western ends of the straits, which agree quite well with recent estimates of 23.8 ± 1 Sv entering the Gulf of Mexico through the Yucatan Channel, were obtained from both the Key West to Havana cable and the moored array. This estimate is about 5 Sv less than the generally accepted transport through the northern end of the straits at 27°N. This difference was partially accounted for by inflows through the side channels with more transport from the Old Bahama than the Northwest Providence Channel. The variability in the southern part of the straits was larger than at 27°N and included large diversions of the Florida Current south of the Cay Sal Bank and into the Santaren Channel that were caused by large meanders of the flow. The variability of transport in the side channels contributed to the variability of the Florida Current and reduces the correlations of the transports at the ends of the straits. Therefore, the well-measured transport at 27°N is not an accurate indicator of the transport of the Loop Current out of the Gulf of Mexico.

Space Disturbance Monitoring Station, Environmental Science Services Administration, Alaska

Polar Record ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 13 (84) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
H. J. A. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
The North ◽  
Communication Circuits ◽  
The Government ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
The Military ◽  
The North Pacific

The Space Disturbance Monitoring Station of the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences and Aeronomy is located on Elmendorf Air Force Base, near Anchorage, Alaska. The station was formerly the North Pacific Radio Warning Service of the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory, and as such served the government and civilian agencies which operated high frequency communication circuits in the North Pacific area. It was first opened in 1950, and since the military were prime users of the services, the location on Elmendorf Air Force Base was a natural selection.

scholarly journals Regional analysis of multivariate compound coastal flooding potential around Europe and environs: sensitivity analysis and spatial patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040
Author(s):  
Paula Camus ◽  
Ivan D. Haigh ◽  
Ahmed A. Nasr ◽  
Thomas Wahl ◽  
Stephen E. Darby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Kendall Rank Correlation ◽  
Driver Assessment

Abstract. In coastal regions, floods can arise through a combination of multiple drivers, including direct surface run-off, river discharge, storm surge, and waves. In this study, we analyse compound flood potential in Europe and environs caused by these four main flooding sources using state-of-the-art databases with coherent forcing (i.e. ERA5). First, we analyse the sensitivity of the compound flooding potential to several factors: (1) sampling method, (2) time window to select the concurrent event of the conditioned driver, (3) dependence metrics, and (4) wave-driven sea level definition. We observe higher correlation coefficients using annual maxima than peaks over threshold. Regarding the other factors, our results show similar spatial distributions of the compound flooding potential. Second, the dependence between the pairs of drivers using the Kendall rank correlation coefficient and the joint occurrence are synthesized for coherent patterns of compound flooding potential using a clustering technique. This quantitative multi-driver assessment not only distinguishes where overall compound flooding potential is the highest, but also discriminates which driver combinations are more likely to contribute to compound flooding. We identify that hotspots of compound flooding potential are located along the southern coast of the North Atlantic Ocean and the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

Volume and Routing of Late-Glacial Runoff from the Southern Laurentide Ice Sheet

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Teller
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacial Runoff ◽  
Southern Side

AbstractMelting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last deglaciation added large volumes of water to many rivers and lakes of North America and to the world's oceans. The volume and routing of this meltwater not only helped shape the land's surface but also played a role in the evolution of late-glacial climate. A computerized model was prepared to quantify meltwater generation from seven drainage areas along the southern side of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at 500-yr time slices between 14,000 and 8000 yr B.P. Nearly all waters reaching the oceans flowed through the St. Lawrence, Hudson, or Mississippi River valleys. Discharge through the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico during late-glacial time varied by more than a factor of 5, ranging between 17,400 m3 sec−1 (550 km3 yr−1) and 98,200 m3 sec−1 (3200 km3 yr−1). Discharge entering the North Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence and Hudson valleys ranged between 20,300 m3 sec−1 (640 km3 yr−1) and 65,300 m3 sec−1 (2060 km3 yr−1), with very abrupt, twofold changes at about 11,000, 10,000, and 9500 yr B.P. as a result of the rerouting of water from the Lake Agassiz basin. As the areal extent and mass of the Laurentide Ice Sheet diminished, the total volume of meltwater plus runoff due to precipitation from its southern side declined from 3800 km3 yr−1 at about 14,000 yr B.P. to 2100 to 2600 km3 yr−1 between 11,500 and 8000 yr B.P. No meltwater entered the Gulf of Mexico after 9500 yr B.P. After the demise of the ice sheet over Hudson Bay about 8000 yr B.P., the modern continental drainage network was established and flows through the St. Lawrence declined to modern values of about 320 km3 yr−1.

scholarly journals Assessing offshore wind power resources in British Columbia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Talaat Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Extreme Wind Speed

Wind resources are investigated and estimated offshore of the northern and central coasts of British Columbia, Canada. Remote sensing-based wind speed observations from a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mounted on the Canadian RADARSAT-2 satellite are used for mapping offshore winds. In addition, in-situ wind speed observations extracted from several buoys distributed in the study region are used to analyze the temporal and spatial wind speed variations in relation to wind power generation. Sustained winds above several wind turbine thresholds are analyzed and values of 50-yr and 100-yr return extreme wind speed levels are calculated. The wind variability analysis suggests few interruptions to power generation by either very low wind speeds or extreme wind speed events with high spatial variability between offshore areas and sites located within the coastal mountains. The SAR wind speed fields are characterized by a high spatial resolution but cover a period of less than 2.5 years with a random temporal availability. The SAR fields are extrapolated to reanalysis long-term wind fields that are available over a climatological time period with a sub-daily temporal resolution but a coarse spatial resolution. The extrapolation procedure is developed by applying a statistical downscaling model and a bias-based correction method. Wind fields from both methods are validated against the in-situ observations from buoys. The extrapolated wind fields are used for mapping offshore winds by creating a robust wind climatology that represents the mesoscale wind variance as well as the diurnal wind variability. This wind climatology is used to calculate the wind statistics and power density, in addition to estimate offshore wind resources. Viable areas for wind power development are defined by using high resolution bathymetric data and considering the general environmental and ecological constraints in the region. The estimated offshore wind resource energy using only theiv determined viable areas is found to resemble a large portion of the current total power generation in British Columbia. Most suitable areas for offshore wind farms are determined by developing criteria based on a combination of the turbine tower technology, water depth zoning and power density values.

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