scholarly journals An Approach for Improving Cirrus Cloud-Top Pressure/Height Estimation by Merging High-Spatial-Resolution Infrared-Window Imager Data with High-Spectral-Resolution Sounder Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Weisz ◽  
W. Paul Menzel ◽  
Nadia Smith ◽  
Richard Frey ◽  
Eva E. Borbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Cloud Top Pressure

AbstractThe next-generation Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) offers infrared (IR)-window measurements with a horizontal spatial resolution of at least 1 km, but it lacks IR spectral bands that are sensitive to absorption by carbon dioxide (CO2) or water vapor (H2O). The CO2 and H2O absorption bands have high sensitivity for the inference of cloud-top pressure (CTP), especially for semitransparent ice clouds. To account for the lack of vertical resolution, the “merging gradient” (MG) approach is introduced, wherein the high spatial resolution of an imager is combined with the high vertical resolution of a sounder for improved CTP retrievals. The Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is on the same payload as VIIRS. In this paper Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) data are used as proxies for VIIRS and CrIS, respectively, although the approach can be applied to any imager–sounder pair. The MG method establishes a regression relationship between gradients in both the sounder radiances convolved to imager bands and the sounder CTP retrievals. This relationship is then applied to the imager radiance measurements to obtain CTP retrievals at imager spatial resolution. Comparisons with Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) cloud altitudes are presented for a variety of cloud scenes. Results demonstrate the ability of the MG algorithm to add spatial definition to the sounder retrievals with a higher accuracy and precision than those obtained solely from the imager.

scholarly journals Wide Swath and High Resolution Airborne HyperSpectral Imaging System and Flight Validation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Liyin Yuan ◽  
Shengwei Wang ◽  
Hongxuan Yu ◽  
Changxing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Wide Swath

Wide Swath and High Resolution Airborne Pushbroom Hyperspectral Imager (WiSHiRaPHI) is the new-generation airborne hyperspectral imager instrument of China, aimed at acquiring accurate spectral curve of target on the ground with both high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. The spectral sampling interval of WiSHiRaPHI is 2.4 nm and the spectral resolution is 3.5 nm (FWHM), integrating 256 channels coving from 400 nm to 1000 nm. The instrument has a 40-degree field of view (FOV), 0.125 mrad instantaneous field of view (IFOV) and can work in high spectral resolution mode, high spatial resolution mode and high sensitivity mode for different applications, which can adapt to the Velocity to Height Ratio (VHR) lower than 0.04. The integration has been finished, and several airborne flight validation experiments have been conducted. The results showed the system’s excellent performance and high efficiency.

scholarly journals Improvement in tropospheric moisture retrievals from VIIRS through the use of infrared absorption bands constructed from VIIRS and CrIS data fusion

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1191-1203
Author(s):  
E. Eva Borbas ◽  
Elisabeth Weisz ◽  
Chris Moeller ◽  
W. Paul Menzel ◽  
Bryan A. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Band ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Total Precipitable Water ◽  
Upper Tropospheric Humidity

Abstract. An operational data product available for both the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-20 (NOAA-20) platforms provides high-spatial-resolution infrared (IR) absorption band radiances for Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) based on a VIIRS and Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CrIS) data fusion method. This study investigates the use of these IR radiances, centered at 4.5, 6.7, 7.3, 9.7, 13.3, 13.6, 13.9, and 14.2 µm, to construct atmospheric moisture products (e.g., total precipitable water and upper tropospheric humidity) and to evaluate their accuracy. Total precipitable water (TPW) and upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) retrieved from hyperspectral sounder CrIS measurements are provided at the associated VIIRS sensor's high spatial resolution (750 m) and are compared subsequently to collocated operational Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and S-NPP VIIRS moisture products. This study suggests that the use of VIIRS IR absorption band radiances will provide continuity with Aqua MODIS moisture products.

scholarly journals Synergistic Use of MODIS and AIRS in a Variational Retrieval of Cloud Parameters

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1619-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
W. Paul Menzel ◽  
Wenjian Zhang ◽  
Fengying Sun ◽  
Timothy J. Schmit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Cloud Amount ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Cloud Particle ◽  
Cloud Parameters ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements from the Earth Observing System's (EOS's) Aqua satellite enable global monitoring of the distribution of clouds. MODIS is able to provide a cloud mask, surface and cloud types, cloud phase, cloud-top pressure (CTP), effective cloud amount (ECA), cloud particle size, and cloud optical thickness at high spatial resolution (1–5 km). The combined MODIS–AIRS system offers the opportunity for improved cloud products, better than from either system alone; this improvement is demonstrated in this paper with both simulated and real radiances. A one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) methodology is used to retrieve the CTP and ECA from AIRS longwave (650–790 cm−1 or 15.38–12.65 μm) cloudy radiance measurements (hereinafter referred to as MODIS–AIRS 1DVAR). The MODIS–AIRS 1DVAR cloud properties show significant improvement over the MODIS-alone cloud properties and slight improvement over AIRS-alone cloud properties in a simulation study, while MODIS–AIRS 1DVAR is much more computationally efficient than the AIRS-alone 1DVAR; comparisons with radiosonde observations show that CTPs improve by 10–40 hPa for MODIS–AIRS CTPs over those from MODIS alone. The 1DVAR approach is applied to process the AIRS longwave cloudy radiance measurements; results are compared with MODIS and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite sounder cloud products. Data from ground-based instrumentation at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud and Radiation Test Bed in Oklahoma are used for validation; results show that MODIS–AIRS improves the MODIS CTP, especially in low-level clouds. The operational use of a high-spatial-resolution imager, along with information from a high-spectral-resolution sounder will be possible with instruments planned for the next-generation geostationary operational instruments.

scholarly journals A Blended Sea Ice Concentration Product from AMSR2 and VIIRS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Richard Dworak ◽  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Jeffrey Key ◽  
Walter N. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sky Conditions

An effective blended Sea-Ice Concentration (SIC) product has been developed that utilizes ice concentrations from passive microwave and visible/infrared satellite instruments, specifically the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The blending takes advantage of the all-sky capability of the AMSR2 sensor and the high spatial resolution of VIIRS, though it utilizes only the clear sky characteristics of VIIRS. After both VIIRS and AMSR2 images are remapped to a 1 km EASE-Grid version 2, a Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) method is used to combine the AMSR2 and VIIRS SIC for a blended product at 1 km resolution under clear-sky conditions. Under cloudy-sky conditions the AMSR2 SIC with bias correction is used. For validation, high spatial resolution Landsat data are collocated with VIIRS and AMSR2 from 1 February 2017 to 31 October 2019. Bias, standard deviation, and root mean squared errors are calculated for the SICs of VIIRS, AMSR2, and the blended field. The blended SIC outperforms the individual VIIRS and AMSR2 SICs. The higher spatial resolution VIIRS data provide beneficial information to improve upon AMSR2 SIC under clear-sky conditions, especially during the summer melt season, as the AMSR2 SIC has a consistent negative bias near and above the melting point.

scholarly journals High spatial resolution imaging of methane and other trace gases with the airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Hulley ◽  
R. M. Duren ◽  
F. M. Hopkins ◽  
S. J. Hook ◽  
N. Vance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Matched Filter ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Strong Emission

Abstract. Currently large uncertainties exist associated with the attribution and quantification of fugitive emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases such as methane across large regions and key economic sectors. In this study, data from the airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES) have been used to develop robust and reliable techniques for the detection and wide-area mapping of emission plumes of methane and other atmospheric trace gas species over challenging and diverse environmental conditions with high spatial resolution that permits direct attribution to sources. HyTES is a pushbroom imaging spectrometer with high spectral resolution (256 bands from 7.5–12 µm), wide swath (1–2 km), and high spatial resolution (~2 m at 1 km altitude) that incorporates new thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing technologies. In this study we introduce a hybrid Clutter Matched Filter (CMF) and plume dilation algorithm applied to HyTES observations to efficiently detect and characterize the spatial structures of individual plumes of CH4, H2S, NH3, NO2, and SO2 emitters. The sensitivity and field of regard of HyTES allows rapid and frequent airborne surveys of large areas including facilities not readily accessible from the surface. The HyTES CMF algorithm produces plume intensity images of methane and other gases from strong emission sources. The combination of high spatial resolution and multi-species imaging capability provides source attribution in complex environments. The CMF-based detection of strong emission sources over large areas is a fast and powerful tool needed to focus more computationally intensive retrieval algorithms to quantify emissions with error estimates, and is useful for expediting mitigation efforts and addressing critical science questions.

Applications of a Laboratory X-ray Micropsobe to Materials Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor ◽  
C. E. Holcombe
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Glass

A laboratory-based X-ray microprobe, composed of a high-brilliance microfocus X-ray tube, coupled with a small glass capillary, has been developed for materials applications. Because of total external reflectance of X rays from the smooth inside bore of the glass capillary, the microprobe has a high sensitivity as well as a high spatial resolution. The use of X rays to excite elemental fluorescence offers the advantages of good peak-to-background, the ability to operate in air, and minimal specimen preparation. In addition, the development of laboratory-based instrumentation has been of Interest recently because of greater accessibility when compared with synchrotron X-ray microprobes.

scholarly journals Marine liquid cloud geometric thickness retrieved from OCO-2's oxygen A-band spectrometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1717-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Richardson ◽  
Jussi Leinonen ◽  
Heather Q. Cronk ◽  
James McDuffie ◽  
Matthew D. Lebsock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Satellite Observation ◽  
Cloud Optical Depth ◽  
First Case ◽  
Phase Classification ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Cloud Top Pressure ◽  
Geometric Thickness

Abstract. This paper introduces the OCO2CLD-LIDAR-AUX product, which uses the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) hyperspectral A-band spectrometer. CALIPSO provides a prior cloud top pressure (Ptop) for an OCO-2-based retrieval of cloud optical depth, Ptop and cloud geometric thickness expressed in hPa. Measurements are of single-layer liquid clouds over oceans from September 2014 to December 2016 when collocated data are available. Retrieval performance is best for solar zenith angles <45∘ and when the cloud phase classification, which also uses OCO-2's weak CO2 band, is more confident. The highest quality optical depth retrievals agree with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with discrepancies smaller than the MODIS-reported uncertainty. Retrieved thicknesses are consistent with a substantially subadiabatic structure over marine stratocumulus regions, in which extinction is weighted towards the cloud top. Cloud top pressure in these clouds shows a 4 hPa bias compared with CALIPSO which we attribute mainly to the assumed vertical structure of cloud extinction after showing little sensitivity to the presence of CALIPSO-identified aerosol layers or assumed cloud droplet effective radius. This is the first case of success in obtaining internal cloud structure from hyperspectral A-band measurements and exploits otherwise unused OCO-2 data. This retrieval approach should provide additional constraints on satellite-based estimates of cloud droplet number concentration from visible imagery, which rely on parameterization of the cloud thickness.

scholarly journals Contributions of Operational Satellites in Monitoring the Catastrophic Floodwaters Due to Hurricane Harvey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Goldberg ◽  
Sanmei Li ◽  
Steven Goodman ◽  
Dan Lindsey ◽  
Bill Sjoberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Flooded Areas ◽  
Flood Maps

Hurricane Harvey made landfall as a Category-4 storm in the United States on 25 August 2017 in Texas, causing catastrophic flooding in the Houston metropolitan area and resulting in a total economic loss estimated to be about $125 billion. To monitor flooding in the areas affected by Harvey, we used data from sensors aboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite (SNPP) and the new Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16. The GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) observations are available every 5 min at 1-km spatial resolution across the entire United States, allowing for the possibility of frequent cloud free views of the flooded areas; while the higher resolution 375-m imagery available twice per day from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the SNPP satellite can observe more details of the flooded regions. Combining the high spatial resolution from VIIRS with the frequent observations from ABI offers an improved capability for flood monitoring. The flood maps derived from the SNPP VIIRS and GOES-16 ABI observations were provided to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) continuously during Hurricane Harvey. According to FEMA’s estimate on 3 September 2017, approximately 155,000 properties might have been affected by the floodwaters of Hurricane Harvey.

High spatial resolution at very high sensitivity using synchrotron radiation excited XPS

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 2172-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schaible ◽  
H. Petersen ◽  
W. Braun ◽  
E.‐E. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Very High
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