scholarly journals History and Data Records of the Automatic Weather Station on Denali Pass (5715 m), 1990–2007

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2113-2127
Author(s):  
Lea Hartl ◽  
Martin Stuefer ◽  
Tohru Saito ◽  
Yoshitomi Okura
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Summit Region

AbstractWe present the data records and station history of an automatic weather station (AWS) on Denali Pass (5715 m MSL), Alaska. The station was installed by a team of climbers from the Japanese Alpine Club after a fatal accident involving Japanese climbers in 1989 and was operational intermittently between 1990 and 2007, measuring primarily air temperature and wind speed. In later years, the AWS was operated by the International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. Station history is reconstructed from available documentation as archived by the expedition teams. To extract and preserve data records, the original datalogger files were processed. We highlight numerous challenges and sources of uncertainty resulting from the location of the station and the circumstances of its operation. The data records exemplify the harsh meteorological conditions at the site: air temperatures down to approximately −60°C were recorded, and wind speeds reached values in excess of 60 m s−1. Measured temperatures correlate strongly with reanalysis data at the 500-hPa level. An approximation of critical wind speed thresholds and a reanalysis-based reconstruction of the meteorological conditions during the 1989 accident confirm that the climbers faced extremely hazardous wind speeds and very low temperatures. The data from the Denali Pass AWS represent a unique historical record that can, we hope, serve as a basis for further monitoring efforts in the summit region of Denali.

scholarly journals The Fennec Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Network: Monitoring the Saharan Climate System

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hobby ◽  
Matthew Gascoyne ◽  
John H. Marsham ◽  
Mark Bart ◽  
Christopher Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
Ground Heat Flux ◽  
Wind Speed Distribution ◽  
Communications Protocol

Abstract The Fennec automatic weather station (AWS) network consists of eight stations installed across the Sahara, with four in remote locations in the central desert, where no previous meteorological observations have existed. The AWS measures temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, shortwave and longwave radiation (upwelling and downwelling), ground heat flux, and ground temperature. Data are recorded every 3 min 20 s, that is, at 3 times the temporal resolution of the World Meteorological Organization’s standard 10-min reporting for winds and wind gusts. Variations in wind speeds on shorter time scales are recorded through the use of second- and third-order moments of 1-Hz data. Using the Iridium Router-Based Unrestricted Digital Internetworking Connectivity Solutions (RUDICS) service, data are transmitted in near–real time (1-h lag) to the United Kingdom, where calibrations are applied and data are uploaded to the Global Telecommunications System (GTS), for assimilation into forecast models. This paper describes the instrumentation used and the data available from the network. Particular focus is given to the engineering applied to the task of making measurements in this remote region and challenging climate. The communications protocol developed to operate over the Iridium RUDICS satellite service is described. Transmitting the second moment of the wind speed distribution is shown to improve estimates of the dust-generating potential of observed winds, especially for winds close to the threshold speed for dust emission of the wind speed distribution. Sources of error are discussed and some preliminary results are presented, demonstrating the system’s potential to record key features of this region.

scholarly journals Accounting for real meteorological conditions at the time of UAV flight mission planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
P. Tkachyck ◽  
O. Kotcemyr ◽  
S. Sokolovskyi ◽  
D. Bilous
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Real ◽  
State Tests ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Charge Current ◽  
Air Temperatures

The article is dedicated to the the problem of not considering the real meteorological conditions in planning the flight task of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) A1-CM Furia . Unmanned aerial system(UAS) A1-CM  Furia  has been developed and manufactured by LLC SPC Athlon Avia since 2014. Within 2019-2020, the UAS passed a full spectrum of state tests and was adopted by the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The main criteria that this UAS meets are the detection and tracking of enemy objectives, equipment maintenance and target  reconnaissance. Among the peculiarities of UAV application are  performance of tasks in adverse meteorological conditions, the use of radio-electronic suppression by the opposing parties, significant spatial characteristics of the areas of responsibility of units and subdivisions for reconnaissance and engagement. The change in the charge current of the battery depending on the air temperature and the change in the charge current of the battery depending on the wind speed in different meteorological conditions were analyzed  in the article. The article presents experimental results that determine the order of current consumption for battery time depending on meteorological factors, such as wind speed and air temperature. These results indicate that the UAV A1-CM Furia during the task accomplishment  can not meet the flight characteristics that are defined in the flight operation manual UAS (FAM). The FAM does not separate the differences in the use of UAV  in different meteorological conditions. This causes possible errors in calculating the maximum length of the route and the maximum possible time in the air.  In the article it was proposed to develop a correction  for the use of UAV depending on changes in wind speed and temperature . During the assessing of possible corrections for the use of UAV at different wind speeds and air temperatures, the accuracy of determining the possible values of the maximum route length and maximum time of UAV in the air allows us to calculate more accurate data for future tasks accomplisment. Experimental methods of calculating corrections took a large part in the specific study of information without taking into account the real meteorological conditions while planning the flight task of the UAV A1-CM Furia. The obtained results show that without further consideration of meteorological conditions while planning a flight task there may be inaccuracies.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Evaluation of Wind Speed Sensor in Automatic Weather Station

2021 ◽  
Vol 768 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Husheng Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Cuicui Li ◽  
Wenlong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Uncertainty Evaluation ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Speed Sensor

scholarly journals The Potential Wind Power Resource in Central-South of the Constanta County

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emilian Boboc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Mean Wind Speed

Abstract Usually, wind turbine generator’s structures or radio masts are located in wind exposed sites. The paper aims to investigate the wind conditions in the nearby area of Cobadin Commune, Constanta County, Romania at heights of 150-200m above the surface using global reanalysis data sets CFSR, ERA 5, ERA I and MERRA 2. Using the extreme value theory and the physical models of the datasets, the research focuses on the assessment of the maximum values that are expected for the wind speeds, but the wind statistics created can be used for a further wind or energy yield calculation. Without reaching the survival wind speed for wind turbine generators, with mean wind speed values higher than 7 m/s and considering the cut-in and cut-out wind speeds of 3 m/s, respectively 25 m/s, the site can be exploited in more than 90% of the time to generate electricity, thus, the paper is addressed to the investors in the energy of renewable sources. At the same time, the insights of the wind characteristics and the knowledge of the extreme values of the wind speed can be useful, not just for the designers, in the rational assessment of the structural safety of wind turbines, but also those evaluating the insured losses.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Maximum Wind Speed Using the Wind Multiplier Downscaling Method in the Yangtze River Inland Waterway from 1980 to 2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Lijun Liu ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Inland Waterway

Wind speed affects the navigational safety of the Yangtze River, and assessing its spatiotemporal dynamics provides support for navigation management and disaster prevention. We developed a wind multiplier downscaling method integrating the effects of land use and topography, and used meteorological station observations and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis data for statistical downscaling in the Yangtze River inland waterway region from 1980 to 2017. Compared with reanalysis data, the downscaling products showed improved accuracy (especially at 5–10 m/s), and are consistent with site-based interannual variability observations. Increasing maximum wind speeds in the middle–downstream area was observed from 1980 to 1990, while a decreasing trend was observed from 2010 to 2017; the opposite was observed for the upstream. Land use has significant influence on wind speed, with a decreasing trend observed year by year for wind speed above grade 9. Although the proportion of grade 4–8 wind speed over water is small and the trend is not obvious, grade 9–10 wind speeds displayed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2017, indicating that changes in surface roughness have a significant influence on wind speed in the Yangtze River inland waterway.

Statistical downscaling of wind speed time series data based on topographic variables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxuan Hu ◽  
Yvonne Scholz ◽  
Madhura Yeligeti ◽  
Lüder von Bremen ◽  
Marion Schroedter-Homscheidt
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Local Topography

<p>Renewable energy sources such as wind energy play a crucial role in most climate change mitigation scenarios because of their ability to significantly reduce energy-related carbon emissions. In order to understand and design future energy systems, detailed modeling of renewable energy sources is important. In the light of making energy system modelling possible at all variability scales of local weather conditions, renewable energy source information with high resolution in both space and time are required.</p><p>Nowadays, renewable energy resources data that are widely used among the energy modeling community are reanalysis data such as ERA5, COSMO REA6, and MERRA2. Taking wind speed as an example, reanalysis data can provide long term spatially resolved wind information on any desired height in a physically consistent way. However, their spatial resolution is coarse. In order to obtain a fine spatial resolution data focusing on wind speed, this paper proposes a statistical downscaling method based on reanalysis data, observation data, and the local topography.</p><p>While most statistical wind downscaling studies have focused on obtaining site specific data or downscaling probability density functions, this paper focuses on downscaling one-year hourly wind speed time series for Europe to 0.00833 degree X 0.00833 degree (approximately 1km X 1km) resolution. It has been proven by various studies that the local topography influences wind speed. The topographic structure in this study is determined by two metrics: TPI, a topographic position index that compares the elevation of each cell to the mean elevation of the neighborhood areas and Sx, a slope-based, direction-dependent parameter that describes the topography in the upwind direction. The observation data used in this study are MeteoSwiss measurement values which provide the hourly wind speed time series at the station heights. For each weather station with observation data, biases described by the local terrain features are introduced to minimize the root mean square error (RMS) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov D (KSD) statistic between the corrected and the observed wind speed. These biases are then assigned to grid points with the same terrain types as the weather station, which enables downscaling of the wind speed for whole Europe.</p><p>The results show that this downscaling method can improve the RMS and KSD for both ERA5 and COSMO REA6, especially at mountain ridges, which indicates that it can not only decrease the bias, but also provide a better match to the observed wind speed distributions.</p>

scholarly journals Features of X-Band Radar Backscattering Simulation Based on the Ocean Environmental Parameters in China Offshore Seas

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu ◽  
Zhensen Wu ◽  
Jiaji Wu ◽  
Gwanggil Jeon ◽  
Liwen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
X Band

The X-band marine radar has been employed as a remote sensing tool for sea state monitoring. However, there are few literatures about sea spectra considering both the wave parameters and short wind-wave spectra in China Offshore Seas, which are of theoretical and practical significance. Based on the wave parameters acquired from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data (ERA-Interim reanalysis data) during 36 months from 2015 to 2017, a finite depth sea spectrum considering both wind speeds and ocean environmental parameters is established in this study. The wave spectrum is then built into a modified two-scale model, which can be related to the ocean environmental parameters (wind speeds and wave parameters). The final results are the mean backscattering coefficients over the variety of sea states at a given wind speed. As the model predicts, the monthly maximum backscattering coefficients in different seas change slowly (within 4 dB). In addition, the differences of the backscattering coefficients in different seas are quite small during azimuthal angles of 0° to 90° and 270° to 360° with a relative error within 1.5 dB at low wind speed (5 m/s) and 2 dB at high wind speed (10 m/s). With the method in the paper, a corrected result from the experiment can be achieved based on the relative error analysis in different conditions.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Angin Silang (Cross Wind) di Sekitar New Yogyakarta International Airport Memakai Plot Wind Rose

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatkhuroyan Fatkhuroyan ◽  
Bambang Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Wind Pattern ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
International Airport

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Wind has important role in aviation safety. The aim of the research is to analyze monthly wind profile and crosswind potential in the area of New Yogyakarta International Airport. The method used by installing 4 (four) AWS (Automatic Weather Station) at the end and the middle of the runway during March to September 2017. The results show that the wind patterns in the March-May period have varying directions with an average speed of 5-8 knots. In June - September, the wind pattern blows from the East - Southeast direction with an average speed of 6-9 knots. The maximum wind speed occurred between 14-20 knots and no crosswind potential was found for the runway length of 3,600 meters.</p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Angin merupakan unsur cuaca yang sangat penting dalam keselamatan penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisa profil angin bulanan dan potensi terjadinya Crosswind pada area New Yogyakarta International Airport. Metode yang dipakai dengan memasang 4 (empat)buah AWS (Automatic Weather Station) di ujung dan tengah landasan selama bulan Maret hingga September 2017. Hasil pengamatan dan analisa menunjukan bahwa pola angin pada periode Maret – Mei memiliki arah yang bervariasi dengan kecepatan rata-rata 5 – 8 knot. Pada Juni – September, pola angin berhembus dari arah Timur – Tenggara dengan kecepatan rata-rata 6 – 9 knot. Selama periode pengamatan, kecepatan angin maksimum yang terjadi antara 14 – 20 knot dan tidak ditemukan potensi terjadinya cross wind untuk panjang landasan 3.600 meter.</p>

scholarly journals Validação da reanálise do MERRA-2 com dados observados

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Carla Claudino ◽  
Dirceu Luís Herdies ◽  
Mário Francisco Leal de Quadro ◽  
Pedro Cardoso De Sales Filho
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Anderson Darling

Climate data such as temperature are key to understand a place’s dynamic. Since the classic period to study climate is thirty years, some areas face difficulties due to the lack of broad data record. Thus, one solution to this situation is the employment of reanalysis, like the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, known as MERRA-2. Considering that the city of Itajaí, located in Santa Catarina, south of Brazil, has one automatic weather station with data since 2010, this study aimed to, statistically, evaluate MERRA-2’s data to fill the twenty-year gap in climate records for this location, regarding temperature, by analysing daily temperature records from 2010 to 2020, through basic statistic tests and other tests like Anderson-Darling normality test, paired t-test, Mann-Whiney, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, bias and polynomial regression analysis with Fitted Line Plot, all on Minitab® 18. The comparison was between observed data from A868-Itajaí automatic weather station and MERRA-2’s data. As a result, it was reached that none of the data is normally distributed, all the means and medians are different from each other, however, the observed data and the MERRA-2’s data are highly correlated. That said, this research provides substantial information to reassure the use of reanalysis data to fill the gaps due to the lack of observed temperature data in order to have a broad study when trying to comprehend a local environment.

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