Analyses of Intergenerational Mobility

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Occupational Measures

This article reviews the sociological and economic literature on intergenerational mobility. Findings on social class, occupational status, earnings, and income mobility are discussed and discrepancies among them are evaluated. The review also examines nonlinearities in the intergenerational association, variation in mobility across advanced industrial countries, and recent mobility trends in the United States. The literature suggests an association between inequality and economic mobility at the country level, with the United States featuring higher inequality and lower mobility than other advanced industrial countries. However, mobility has not declined in the United States over the recent decades in which inequality has expanded. The inequality-mobility relationship fails to emerge when occupational measures of mobility are used, likely because these measures do not fully capture some mechanisms of economic reproduction.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Mobility in the United States: What We Have Learned from the PSID

2018 ◽  
Vol 680 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhashkar Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Income Dynamics ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
Advanced Economies

This article reviews the contributions of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to the study of intergenerational mobility. The PSID enables researchers to track individuals as they form new households and covers many dimensions of socioeconomic status over large portions of the life cycle, making the data ideal for studying intergenerational mobility. Studies have used PSID data to show that the United States is among the least economically mobile countries among advanced economies. The PSID has been instrumental to understanding various dimensions of intergenerational mobility, including occupation; wealth; education; consumption; health; and group differences by gender, race, and region. Studies using the PSID have also cast light on the mechanisms behind intergenerational persistence.

Constraints in the Demand for Education: What Can we Learn from Subjective Assessments?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Demand For Education ◽  
Subjective Assessments

Abstract While the large disparities in educational attainment by socioeconomic status in the United States point towards the importance of credit constraints, there is no consensus in the economic literature regarding their pervasiveness. To evaluate how subjective information can enhance our understanding of the role of credit constraints in education, I focus on NLSY79 respondents' assessments of financial obstacles to schooling. About 12 percent of young adults in the data expect to underinvest in education because of financial reasons or the need to work. Using this information in a regression model of educational attainment shows that it provides valuable behavioral insights, above and beyond standard measures of income and family background.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1974 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 23-37
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Economic Position

The world economic position and prospects have worsened further in the last three months. In the United States and Japan, in particular, recessionary conditions are proving to be more marked and more prolonged than we had expected, and it looks as though by the end of the year all the major industrial countries, with the possible exception of France, will have experienced at least one quarter in which output has fallen or at best shown no appreciable rise. The other developed countries have fared better, but we no longer expect there to be any growth of output in the OECD area either in the second half of the year or in the year as a whole. In 1975 the position should be rather better, at least by the second half. We expect OECD countries' aggregate GNP to grow by about 2 per cent year-on-year and nearly 3 per cent between the fourth quarters of 1974 and 1975.

North American Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of National Attachment and Threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 697 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Esses ◽  
Alina Sutter ◽  
Joanie Bouchard ◽  
Kate H. Choi ◽  
Patrick Denice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
National Attachment ◽  
National Representative Survey

Using a cross-national representative survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine predictors of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and the United States, including general and COVID-related nationalism, patriotism, and perceived personal and national economic and health threats. In both countries, nationalism, particularly COVID-related nationalism, predicted perceptions that immigration levels were too high and negative attitudes toward immigrants. Patriotism predicted negative immigration attitudes in the United States but not in Canada, where support for immigration and multiculturalism are part of national identity. Conversely, personal and national economic threat predicted negative immigration attitudes in Canada more than in the United States. In both countries, national health threat predicted more favorable views of immigration levels and attitudes toward immigrants, perhaps because many immigrants have provided frontline health care during the pandemic. Country-level cognition in context drives immigration attitudes and informs strategies for supporting more positive views of immigrants and immigration.

The Fall

Money ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith ◽  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
World War I ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
York Stock Exchange

This chapter examines the end of the international gold standard during World War I. The creation of the Federal Reserve System—with its idea of centralized banking carried out by twelve central banks—ended the United States's long struggle to perfect a sensible, conservative monetary system. Everywhere in the industrial countries money of whatever kind was now exchangeable, without pretense or delay, into gold. The chapter considers how the major industrial participants—Germany, France, Britain, Austria—suspended specie payments and went off the gold standard when World War I broke out; the dumping of securities on the New York market in the first nervous days of the war; the shutdown of the New York Stock Exchange; and how the United States eventually abandoned the gold standard. The increase in whole prices in the United States during all the war years is also discussed.

The Politics of Contentment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Self ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Modern Politics

This chapter focuses on the politics of contentment. In the past, the contented and the self-approving were a small minority in any national entity, with the majority of the citizenry being relegated outside. In the United States, the favored are now numerous, greatly influential of voice and a majority of those who vote. This, and not the division of voters as between political parties, is what defines modern American political behavior and shapes modern politics. The chapter first considers the commitment of the Republican Party and the Democratic Party to the policies of contentment before discussing the effects of money and media on the politics of contentment. It also examines American electoral politics, social exclusion, and international relations in the context of the politics of contentment. Finally, it tackles the question of whether, and to what extent, the politics of contentment in the United States extends to other industrial countries.

The Present as the Future, 2

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Discipline ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy ◽  
Future 2

This chapter examines various developments in economics that are part of the present and will contend against the neoclassical tradition for recognition in the future. Industrial countries, including the United States, have already become deeply concerned with the economic ideas and more especially their practice in Japan. The chapter considers some of the lessons to come and that are coming from Japan, such as the industry–government cooperation and investment in human capital, It also discusses a number of ways to escape market discipline and deal with competition, including a return to tariff protection, and how the distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics will blur and disappear due to factors such as the dynamic of prices and wages as a determinant of both inflation and unemployment. Finally, it comments on the future of domestic monetary and fiscal policy in relation to a nation's international position.

Can “Taste” Be Separated from Social Class?

Food Fights ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
S. Margot Finn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Population ◽  
Apparent Contradiction

For the last two decades the United States has witnessed the rise of the “foodie” movement, and yet this movement has not brought about widespread change among general American population. Margot Finn argues that this apparent contradiction can be explained by the fact that most food conscientiousness is elitist; it is driven not by any underlying progressive ideology, but by a desire of culturally elite consumers to distinguish themselves from the general populace. Thus, taste, cannot be separated from social class.

Ariel and Buzz Lightyear are Coming to School

2011 ◽  
pp. 96-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Sterling Henward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Environments ◽  
Technology In The Classroom ◽  
Home And School ◽  
Class Play ◽  
Culture Technology

This chapter will examine how preschool teachers can facilitate the use of popular culture oriented technology in the classroom. Acknowledging that ideology and social class play a major role in the inclusion/ rejection of popular culture technology children interact with in the United States, this chapter outlines the approaches teachers can take in understanding (and in some cases incorporating) popular culture technology into the classroom to more effectively bridge home and school environments.

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