Single-Incision Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer: Experiences with 308 Consecutive Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasumitsu Hirano ◽  
Masakazu Hattori ◽  
Kenji Douden ◽  
Chikashi Hiranuma ◽  
Yasuo Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Intention To Treat

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been developed with the aim to further reduce the invasiveness of conventional laparoscopy. Our experiences with more than 300 consecutive patients with SILS for colon cancer are reviewed, and its outcomes are evaluated to determine the midterm clinical and oncologic safety of SILS for colon cancer in a community hospital. A single surgeon's consecutive experience of SILS for colon cancer is presented. Three hundred and eight patients were treated with the SILS procedure for colon cancer between December 2010 and March 2015. Data were analyzed according to intention to treat. Of these 308 patients, 19 (6.2%) were converted to laparotomy. Intraoperative injury occurred in five patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 19 patients (6.2%). The 2-year relapse-free survival rates of patients with Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III were 97.8, 92.2, and 80.4 per cent, respectively, and the 2-year overall survival rates of patients with Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV were 100, 95.7, 93.0, and 74.4 per cent, respectively. Our initial experiences showed that SILS colectomy for cancer can be performed safely and with good short-term oncologic outcomes by a skilled surgeon.

Presenting Stage in Colon Cancer is Associated with Insurance Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Lauren Weigel ◽  
Paul Dale ◽  
Betsy Smith ◽  
Michael D. Honaker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Stage Iv Disease

Colorectal cancer continues to be the third most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Access to health care is also a nationwide problem. The purpose of the current study is to see if insurance status is associated with stage of colon cancer at presentation. The tumor registry was queried for all patients with colon cancer from 2009 to 2014. Demographics, including insurance status was statistically analyzed to determine if an association existed between insurance status and stage of colon cancer at the time of presentation. There were 434 patients identified that underwent colonic resection during the study period; 224 were female and 210 were male. Of the 434 patients, 388 were insured and 46 were uninsured. When insurance status was compared with stage at diagnosis there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. For patients that were uninsured, 13.01 per cent presented with stage I disease, 15.22 per cent with stage II disease, 34.78 per cent with stage III disease, and 36.96 with stage IV disease. For insured patients, 24.03 per cent present with stage I disease, 26.10 with stage II disease, 23.26 per cent with stage III disease, and 29.61 per cent with stage IV disease (P = 0.047). Access to health care continues to be a large problem and results in patients without insurance presenting with a high stage of disease.

scholarly journals Long-term Outcome in Children with Wilms’ Tumor; Experience of a Single Center for Two Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leily Mohajerzadeh ◽  
Ahmad Khaleghnejad ◽  
Mohsen Rouzrokh ◽  
Shahin Shamsian ◽  
Javad Ghoroubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Tumor Study ◽  
The Mean

Background: Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma) is the major renal cancer in children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the individuality of Wilms’ tumor and the consequences of management attained in our referral subspecialty center. Methods: In this study, we composed the data of children with Wilms’ tumor in 2 decades; 55 cases between 1992 and 2002 and 49 patients between 2006 and 2016 were diagnosed with Wilms’ tumor. Demographic characters, a form of presentation, tumor stage, related underlying disease, histopathology consequences, type of management, and the survival rates were assessed. Results: In the first decade, 24 patients were females and 31 were males (M/F = 1.2); in the other groups, 30 were females and 19 were males (M/F = 0.61). The mean age was 45.2 months at the time of diagnosis for the first group and the mean age was 36 months for the other group. In the first decade, the surgical stage after the operation was as follows: stage I (32.7%), stage II (16.36%), stage III (38.1%), stage IV (9%), and stage V (1.8%) who did not operate. In second decade, 49 patients were as follows: stage I (14.3%), stage II (40.8%), stage III (24.5%), stage IV (10.2%), and stage V (10.2%). In 54.5% of the first group, histology was favorable, and in 43.6% of the first group, histology was unfavorable; in the second group, 95.4% were the favorable type. The patients were managed based on protocols of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study. In the first decade, relapse-free was 71% and 4-year survival rates were estimated at 86%, and in the second decade, pulmonary metastasis was observed at 28.6%, liver metastasis in 2.3%, recurrence in 5%, and 4-year survival rates were estimated at 90%. Conclusions: This study demonstrated development in the management of children with Wilms’ tumor in recent 20 years, with comparable relapse-free and survival rates to the National Wilms’ Tumor study. But with more adjustment in treatment protocols, the superior outcome will be attainable.

scholarly journals PENGARUH REBUSAN DAUN SALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Syaifurrahman Hidayat ◽  
Laylatul Hasanah ◽  
Dewi Herlina Susantin
Keyword(s):  
Stage Iv ◽  
T Test ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Post Test

Daun salam (syzygiumpolyanthum) merupakan salah satu dari jenis terapi herbal yang digunakan untuk berbagai penyakit salah satunya yaitu untuk menangani penyakit hipertensi,untuk menurunkan hipertensi dibutuhkan 10 lembar daun salam dan 300 ml air lalu direbus hingga mendidih dan menyusut menjadi 200 ml dan dikonsumsi sebanyak 2 kali sehari pada pagi dan sore hari, masing-masing 100 ml. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh air rebusan daun salam dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Guluk-Guluk. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen Pre post test design, dimana pada rancangan ini berupaya mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat dengan cara melibatkan kelompok eksperimental, dengan sampel sebanyak 30 0rang Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi tekanan darah langsung dan wawancara ke responden.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan perlakuan pada responden sebagian besar berada pada stage III sebanyak 22 orang (73,3 %), lalu sebagian kecil berada pada stage IV dengan 2 orang (6,7 %). Setelah dilakukan penelitian menunujukkan sesudah diberikan perlakuan pada responden sebagian besar menempati stage II sebanyak 28 orang (93,3 %), sebagian kecil berada pada stage I hanya 2 orang (6,7 %). Hasil uji T test paried dan uji T test didapatkan nilai signifikan 0.000 yang nilainya lebih kecil dari taraf kesalahan α 0.05. sehingga H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti ada pengaruh air rebusan daun salam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia yang menderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Guluk-Guluk Kecamatan Guluk-Guluk. Daun salam mempunyai kandungan kimia seperti minyak atsiri, sitrat, euganol, tannin serta flavanoid yang dipercaya mampu untuk menurunkan tekanan darah, mekanisme kerja dari daun salam ini yaitu merangsang sekresi cairan empedu sehingga lemak akan keluar bersamaan dengan usus yang kemudian mengurangi gumpalan lemak yang mengendap dalam pembuluh darah sehingga aliran darah menjadi lancar dan tekanan darah akan normal.

scholarly journals International Study of Primary Mucinous Ovarian Carcinomas Managed at Tertiary Medical Centers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Mueller ◽  
Henrik Lajer ◽  
Berit Jul Mosgaard ◽  
Slim Bach Hamba ◽  
Philippe Morice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Medical Centers

ObjectiveWe sought to describe a large, international cohort of patients diagnosed with primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma (PMOC) across 3 tertiary medical centers to evaluate differences in patient characteristics, surgical/adjuvant treatment strategies, and oncologic outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective review spanning 1976–2014. All tumors were centrally reviewed by an expert gynecologic pathologist. Each center used a combination of clinical and histologic criteria to confirm a PMOC diagnosis. Data were abstracted from medical records, and a deidentified dataset was compiled and processed at a single institution. Appropriate statistical tests were performed.ResultsTwo hundred twenty-two patients with PMOC were identified; all had undergone primary surgery. Disease stage distribution was as follows: stage I, 163 patients (74%); stage II, 8 (4%); stage III, 40 (18%); and stage IV, 10 (5%). Ninety-nine (45%) of 219 patients underwent lymphadenectomy; 41 (19%) of 215 underwent fertility-preserving surgery. Of the 145 patients (65%) with available treatment data, 68 (47%) had received chemotherapy—55 (81%) a gynecologic regimen and 13 (19%) a gastrointestinal regimen. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73%–85%) for patients with stage I to II disease and 17% (95% CI, 8%–29%) for those with stage III to IV disease. The 5-year PFS rate was 73% (95% CI, 50%–86%) for patients who underwent fertility-preserving surgery.ConclusionsMost patients (74%) presented with stage I disease. Nearly 50% were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy using various regimens across institutions. The PFS outcomes were favorable for those with early-stage disease and lower but acceptable for those who underwent fertility preservation.

scholarly journals Elevated levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with bladder cancer depending on a tumor stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Dmytryk ◽  
Tetiana Luhovska ◽  
Pavel Yakovlev ◽  
Olexiy Savchuk ◽  
Ludmila Ostapchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Th 1

Bladder Cancer (BC) is a common disease worldwide. Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms for the development of BC. This study enrolled 40 patients. Preoperative plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12β, TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. In our study, we observed diverse changes in the levels of cytokines in patients with BC Stage I, II, III and IV. The levels of IL-1β was increased for stage I, stage II, and stage III. The level of TNF-α was increased for stage II, stage III, stage IV. The levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12β were increased in patients with stage III and IV only. The levels of IFN- γ declined for stage II, stage III and stage IV with the lowest levels in patients with Stage IV. In our study, we investigated alteration in levels of Th-1 and Th-2-like cytokine profile, but some deficiency in Th1- status discovered in patients with BC.

Randomized Comparison of Cisplatin/Vincristine/Fluorouracil and Cisplatin/Continuous Infusion Doxorubicin for Treatment of Pediatric Hepatoblastoma: A Report From the Children’s Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 2665-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ortega ◽  
Edwin C. Douglass ◽  
James H. Feusner ◽  
Marleta Reynolds ◽  
John J. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Favorable Histology ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Initial Surgery

PURPOSE: Previous studies demonstrated that chemotherapy with either cisplatin, vincristine, and fluorouracil (regimen A) or cisplatin and continuous infusion doxorubicin (regimen B) improved survival in children with hepatoblastoma. The current trial is a randomized comparison of these two regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients (N = 182) were enrolled onto study between August 1989 and December 1992. After initial surgery, patients with stage I–unfavorable histology (UH; n = 43), stage II (n = 7), stage III (n = 83), and stage IV (n = 40) hepatoblastoma were randomized to receive regimen A (n = 92) or regimen B (n = 81). Patients with stage I–favorable histology (FH; n = 9) were treated with four cycles of doxorubicin alone. RESULTS: There were no events among patients with stage I-FH disease. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) estimates were 57% (SD = 5%) and 69% (SD = 5%) for patients on regimens A and B, respectively (P = .09) with a relative risk of 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 2.5) for regimen A versus B. Toxicities were more frequent on regimen B. Patients with stage I-UH, stage II, stage III, or stage IV disease had 5-year EFS estimates of 91% (SD = 4%), 100%, 64% (SD = 5%), and 25% (SD = 7%), respectively. Outcome was similar for either regimen within disease stages. At postinduction surgery I, patients with stage III or IV disease who were found to be tumor-free had no events; those who had complete resections achieved a 5-year EFS of 83% (SD = 6%); other patients with stage III or IV disease had worse outcome. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcome was not significantly different between regimen A and regimen B. Excellent outcome was achieved for patients with stage I-UH and stage II hepatoblastoma and for subsets of patients with stage III disease. New treatment strategies are needed for the majority of patients with advanced-stage hepatoblastoma.

Paleoenvironmental Evolution of early Paleogene in the Sanshui Basin Indicated from Factor Analysis of Main Elements

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5813-5816
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Zheng Qing Wang ◽  
Yan Shi Xie ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Evolution ◽  
Early Paleogene

In this paper, factor analysis are used to study the early Paleogene paleoenvironmental evolution from the Sanshui Basin, and main conclusions can be obtained as follows: stage I (89.0-73.0m), relatively dry and relatively low temperatures; stage II (73.0-52.5m), warm and humidity of the climate and environment; stage III (52.5-22.5m), the ancient climate conditions change quickly, showing the alternating warm and humidity and dry; stage IV (22.5-0m), prevailing warm and moist climatic conditions.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of childhood: an analysis of the histology, staging, and response to treatment of 338 cases at a single institution.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Murphy ◽  
D L Fairclough ◽  
R E Hutchison ◽  
C W Berard
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Between 1962 and 1986, a total of 338 consecutive newly diagnosed children and adolescents with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) were evaluated and treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH). Median follow-up is 6.6 years (range, 1.8 to 23 years). The patients ranged in age from 7 months to 21 years (median, 10 years), and 71% were males. All cases were staged (I to IV) by a clinical staging system. Eighteen percent were stage I, 21% stage II, 43% stage III, and 18% stage IV. Cases frankly leukemic at diagnosis (ie, greater than 25% marrow blasts) were excluded from the analysis. Pathologic material from all cases was reviewed and classified according to the Working Formulation. The histologic distribution of cases was as follows: 38.8% diffuse small non-cleaved cell (undifferentiated, Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's); 26.3% diffuse large-cell, mainly immunoblastic; 28.1% lymphoblastic; and 6.8% other. Treatment policy evolved over time to a stage- and histology-specific strategy for treatment assignment, and overall results significantly improved by era from 37% (+/- 5%) 2-year event-free survival (EFS) for patients treated before 1975 to 77% (+/- 4%) since 1978. By univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, the era of treatment (hence, the protocol-specific treatment itself), the stage, and the log of the initial serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) emerged as the most powerful prognostic indicators, while histology per se was not significantly related to outcome. For the 154 patients treated since 1978, the 2-year EFS by stage was 97% (+/- 3%) for stage I, 86% (+/- 6%) for stage II, 73% (+/- 6%) for stage III, and 47% (+/- 11%) for stage IV (P less than .0001). Compared with our previous experience, we conclude that the cure rate of childhood NHL has doubled in the last decade with modern management.

Limited-Stage Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5330-5330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuro Suzuki ◽  
Dai Chihara ◽  
Naoko Asano ◽  
Ken Ohmachi ◽  
Tomohiro Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Limited Stage ◽  
Stage Disease

Abstract [Background] Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma, characterized by the overexpression of cyclin D1 derived from t(11;14)(q13;q32) and poor prognosis. Most MCLs show nodal presentation, but also accompany extranodal involvement, such as bone marrow, peripheral blood or gastrointestinal tract. As a result, many MCLs present with advanced stage disease. Since only a small portion of patients show limited-stage disease, minimal data exist on treatment of patients diagnosed with limited stage disease. Nevertheless, the treatment strategy of MCL is recommended according to the clinical stage of limited- (stage I or non-bulky II) vs. advanced-stage, as well as other types of lymphoma. [Patients and methods] We recently collected 633 patient data of MCL (Chihara, et al. Ann Oncol 2015). Information of clinical stage was available in 626 patients. The patient data were retrospectively analyzed the by the clinical stage at initial presentation. [Results] The clinical stage was I in 24 patients (4%), II in 33 (5%), III in 70 (11%), and IV in 499 (80%). Only one patient presented with bulky stage II. Detailed demographic information by the clinical stage are listed in Table. Age and sex were not significantly different by clinical stage. Limited stage patients were associated with better performance status (PS), less B symptoms, no extranodal involvement, and lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and white blood cell (WBC) count. Most patients in any stage were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, but more patients in limited stage received radiotherapy. The proportion of high-dose cytarabine (HDCA)-containing regimen over CHOP/CHOP-like was higher in advanced stage patients. Complete and overall response rates were 92% and 96% in stage I, 58% and 94% in stage II, 66% and 86% in stage III, and 52% and 82% in stage IV, respectively (P = 0.02). However, the higher response rate in limited stage patients did not translate into better prognosis. The median survival was 11.0 years in stage I, 13.4 years in stage II, 11.5 years in stage III, and 5.6 years in stage IV (Figure). The prognosis was not significantly different among patients with stage I, II, and III (P = 0.33). [Conclusion] Prognosis of limited-stage MCL was almost similar to that of stage III MCL. Although the present study includes several limitations including a retrospective nature and limited number of patients, prognosis of patients with limited-stage MCL was not satisfactory. The significance of radiotherapy, as well as the optimal choice of chemotherapy, for limited-stage MCL needs re-evaluation. Table Table. Figure Figure. Disclosures Suzuki: Chugai: Honoraria; Kyowa Hakko kirin: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Asano:Jannsen: Honoraria; Chugai: Honoraria. Kinoshita:Ono: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Zenyaku: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Chugai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Eisai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Solasia: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Kyowa Kirin: Honoraria. Suzumiya:Chugai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Eisai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Toyama Chemical: Research Funding; Kyowa Hakko kirin: Research Funding. Ogura:SymBio Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celltrion, Inc.: Consultancy, Honoraria.

Triple-negative breast cancer: Epidemiology, characteristics, and survival in a Lebanese cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22228-e22228
Author(s):  
M. Ghosn ◽  
C. Hajj ◽  
F. Nasr ◽  
F. El Karak ◽  
G. Abadjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stage Iii

e22228 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women in Lebanon. Triple negative (TN) phenotype is known to be associated with an increased likelihood of recurrence and death. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, characteristics and survival of TN BC patients in a Medical Oncology department in a University Hospital in Lebanon. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pathology of all women with breast cancer that were seen in our institution between 1997 and 2008. TN BC patients (pts) were defined as those that were negative for all 3 receptors (estrogen, progesterone and HER2neu on immunohistochemistry). Pts' characteristics and survival of TN women were analyzed. Results: Of the 1599 breast cancer pts, 155 (9.7%) had a triple negative phenotype. Median age was 52 years. A positive family history of breast/ovarian cancer was found in 15 pts (10%). Pathology studies showed: invasive ductal carcinoma component in 138 pts (89%), pure medullary carcinoma in 7 pts (5%), pure invasive lobular carcinoma in 6 pts (4%), pure mucinous carcinoma in 3 pts (2%) and epidermoid carcinoma in 1 pt (1%). A grade III was found in 98 of specimens (63%). Twenty-six pts (17%) presented with stage I, 73 (47%) with stage II, 37 (24%) with stage III and 19 (12%) with stage IV. Twelve percent had inflammatory breast cancer. After a median follow up of 17 months (mths), 43 pts had relapsed (5 stage I, 18 stage II and 20 stage III). The most common sites of relapse were brain (in 20 % of cases), lungs (in 20% of cases) and bone (in 11% of cases). Five- year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival were respectively 75% and 88% for stage I, 58% and 72% for stage II and 40% and 63% for stage III. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 96% of pts among which a taxane-based regimen was used in 38% of cases . Median survival for stage IV was 19 mths with a first line taxane-based regimen used in 50% of cases. Conclusions: The incidence of TN BC in Lebanon is similar to that described in the literature. It has an aggressive course. Focus on understanding the biology of this particular BC subtype is essential for determining targets for future therapeutic options. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document